NFPA Journal^® Cumulative Subject Index (1991-2008)

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NFPA Journal Subject Index is listed below in alphabetical order.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Key to citation references
yyyy:ii.pp where:
yyyy: = year
ii = issue;
  1 = January/February
  2 = March/April
  3 = May/June
  4 = July/August
  5 = September/October
  6 = November/December
pp = page

Example: 1995:1.35 = 1995, Jan/Feb issue, page 35

911 SERVICE

Callers give incorrect address, factor in fire spread, 1999:2.23, 1999:6.97

E911 fails in telephone exchange fire, 1995:5.109

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) establishes 311 non-emergency number, 1997:4.29

Fire alarm not automatically sent to 911, alarm delayed, 2002:1.21

ACCELERANTS. See also GASOLINE

Charcoal lighter fluid ignites board and care facility fire, 1996:5.97

Charcoal lighter fluid ignites store fire, 2004:6.20

Pyrotechnic accelerants used to ignite high-temperature fires, 1992:6.67

Unknown accelerant

Apartment fire ignited by, 2002:4.20, 2003:5.16

Clinic fire ignited by, 1996:1.24

Manufacturing plant fire ignited by, 1995:6.104, 1998:2.20

Office building fire ignited by, 2002:2.22

Restaurant fire ignited by, 1997:2.21

School fire ignited by, 1995:6.98

Store fire ignited by, 1996:5.94

Vehicle/dwelling fire ignited by, 1998:5.45

Warehouse fire ignited by, 1992:6.26, 1996:3.39

ADHESIVE MATERIALS

Spontaneous ignition of, 1991:6.26

ADULT CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITY FIRES. See also ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES

Florida, 1994, 1995:6.35

ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENTS. See also FIRE SERVICE FOCUS; IN THE MARKET COLUMNS; WHAT'S HOT PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Alarm devices and systems, 1991:5.85, 1992:4.79, 1993:1.65, 1993:6.105, 1994:5.80, 1995:2.96

Apparatus and rescue products, 1991:6.79, 1992:5.77

Building construction products, 1991:2.128, 1992:6.81, 1993:5.105, 1994:5.111, 1995:5.126

Detection devices and systems, 1991:5.85, 1992:4.79, 1993:1.65, 1993:6.105, 1994:5.80, 1995:2.96

Electrical products, 1994:5.111, 1995:5.126

Extinguishing systems, 1991:1.106, 1992:1.75, 1993:4.73, 1994:4.91

Fire service equipment, supplies, and services, 1993:2.89, 1994:2.92, 1995:1.87, 1996:4.101

Hazardous materials storage, 1992:2.87

Literature review, 1995:4.103, 1996:2.91, 1996:6.116

Manufacturer's showcase

2005, 2005:6.74

2006, 2006:2:86, 98

2007, 2007:2.88, 4.96, 6.108

NFPA Annual Meeting exhibitors

1994, 1994:3.129

1995, 1995:3.135

1996, 1996:3.131

1997, 1997:3.109

1998, 1998:3.124

1999, 1999:3.146

NFPA World Conference exhibitors, 2000:3.134, 2001:3.108, 2002:2.16, 2002:3.118, 2003:3.104, 2004:3.96, 2005:3.114, 2006:3.94

Protective clothing, 1991:1.106, 1992:2.87

Security systems, 1993:6.105, 1994:5.80, 1995:2.96

AEROSOL CONTAINERS

Bug repellent container fell into deep fat fryer, explodes, ignites fire, 2006:3.30

Cans crushed by compactor release propellant, ignited by spark, 1999:1.19

Containers in area of ignition accelerated fire, 1998:6.89

Explosion ignites dwelling fire, 1992:6.28

Flammable contents ignited by open flame, 1992:6.25

Flammable solvent/lubricant containers damaged by forklift, explode, 1996:4.23

Hair spray used to ignite incendiary fire, 1994:1.32

Incendiary fire ignited by, 1997:1.27, 2002:6.18

Insecticide ignited by LP-Gas pilot light, 1993:4.25

Paint cans explode in warehouse fire, 1995:6.38

AIR CONDITIONERS. See also HVAC SYSTEMS

Aftermarket plug/cord connection arcs, 2007:5.29

Blower motor overheats, ignites combustibles, 2007:5.59

Cord arcs, ignites combustibles, 2007:5.29

Fan frozen, factor in fatal fire, 2004:3.20

Fire spread by, 1994:5.97

Malfunction causes fatal fire, 1998:4.20

Operating noise masked alarm, 1994:5.100

Power cord possibly ignites mattress, 2000:4.19

Short circuit or arc ignites plastic housing, 2004:3.22

Window air conditioner malfunctions, ignites plastic window blinds, 1999:4.21

Wiring overheats, ignites seal, 2004:4.17

AIRCRAFT CRASH FIRES. See also AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING (ARFF)

American Airlines Flight 1420, Little Rock, Arkansas, June 1, 1999, fire investigation report, 1999:5.40

Cargo aircraft

Landing crash, Tennessee, Nov., 2003, 2004:6.57

Military plane, crashes into restaurant/hotel, Indiana, Feb. 6, 1992, 1993:5.66

Takeoff aborted, New York, March, 1991, 1992:6.79

Catastrophic

B-727 and DC-9, runway collision, Michigan, Dec. 3, 1990, 1991:4.70

Commercial aircraft, Arkansas, June 1, 1999, 2000:5.61

Commercial aircraft, Kentucky, Aug., 2006, 2007:5.61

Commercial aircraft, New York, Nov., 2001, 2002:5.82

Commercial aircraft, New York, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Commercial aircraft, Virginia, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Commercial commuter plane and private plane, runway collision, Illinois, Nov. 19, 1996, 1997:5.54

Commercial jet, Florida, May 11, 1996, 1997:5.54

Commercial plane, Georgia, Aug. 21, 1995, 1996:5.99

DC-9, North Carolina, July 2, 1994, 1995:5.68

F-16 and C-130 midair collision, North Carolina, March 23, 1994, 1995:5.67

Four-engine turbo-prop plane, West Virginia, Oct. 7, 1992, 1993:5.68

Four-passenger plane, Utah, July 9, 1992, 1993:5.68

Georgia, July, 2006, 2007:5.62

Helicopter, Utah, May, 2000, 2001:5.79

Light passenger plane, Alabama, June 23, 1996, 1997:5.54

Light passenger plane, Kansas, Apr. 19, 1995, 1996:5.100

Military cargo plane, crashes into restaurant/hotel, Indiana, Feb. 6, 1992, 1993:5.66

Missouri, Aug., 2004, 2005:5.60

Montana, Sept., 2004, 2005:5.61

Pennsylvania, July, 2004, 2005:5.60

Private passenger jet, California, Dec. 15, 1993, 1994:5.106

Private passenger jet, Illinois, Oct. 30, 1996, 1997:5.54

Private passenger jets, Florida, March, 2000, 2001:5.79

Runway collision, B-737 and twin-turbo prop, California, Feb. 1, 1991, 1992:4.72

Seaplane, Rhode Island, Aug. 26, 1995, 1996:5.99

Single-engine passenger plane, California, Nov. 26, 1993, 1994:5.108

Single-engine plane, Oklahoma, Aug. 21, 1990, 1991:4.70

Suppression mission, California, June, 2002, 2003:5.75

Suppression mission, Colorado, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

Tennessee, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Twin-engine plane, Alabama, July 10, 1991, 1992:4.72

Twin-engine plane, Connecticut, April 27, 1994, 1995:5.67

Twin-engine plane, Florida, Jan. 17, 1991, 1992:4.72

Twin-engine plane, Georgia, Jan. 12, 1995, 1996:5.100

Twin-engine plane, New Hampshire, Sept., 2002, 2003:5.75

Twin-engine plane, New York, March 22, 1992, 1993:5.68

Twin-engine plane, Oklahoma, Dec. 21, 1995, 1996:5.99

Twin-engine plane, Texas, Sept. 11, 1991, 1992:4.72

Twin-engine plane, Virginia, Sept. 10, 1995, 1996:5.99

DC-8 cargo plane crashes during takeoff, Florida, Aug. 7, 1997, 1998:6.91

DC-9-35 crashes near runway, North Carolina, July, 1994, 1995:6.110

DC-10 cargo jet, New York, Sept. 5, 1996, 1997:6.60

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2003:4.63, 2004:4.57, 2006:4.61

Firefighter injuries related to, 1998:6.55

Fokker F-28 passenger aircraft, New York, March, 1992, 1993:6.88

Helicopter crashes, firefighters injured, 1999:6.52

Jetstream 4101 crashes into warehouse, Ohio, Jan., 1994, 1995:6.110

Jumbo passenger jet, Texas, April, 1993, 1994:6.98

L-1011 aircraft aborts takeoff, crashes, New York, Sept., 1992, 1993:6.88

Lear jet crashes into residential/commercial area, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.110

Maine, June, 2006, 2007:5.63

Military aircraft

Air National Guard C-130 landing crash Minnesota, April, 2004, 2005:6.48

California, July 20, 1994, 1995:6.110

Cargo plane, crashes into restaurant/hotel, Indiana, Feb. 6, 1992, 1993:5.66

Fighter-jet, New Mexico, Sept., 1993, 1994:6.98

North Carolina, June 21, 1994, 1995:6.110

NFPA and federal government aviation safety efforts, history of, 2007:4.104

Private passenger jet crash on takeoff, Colorado, Nov., 2004, 2005:6.48

Runway collision

Boeing 737 and Metroliner, California, Feb., 1991, 1992:6.76

Detroit, Mich., Dec. 3, 1990, 1991:3.69

Jet and cargo van, Georgia, May, 1991, 1992:6.77

Runway overshoot, Toronto Pearson International Airport, Aug. 2, 2005, 2005:6.34

Simulated crash into high-rise tests emergency preparedness, 1993:6.35

Statistics compared to motor vehicle fire statistics, 1995:4.120

United Flight 232 crash-fire, Sioux City, Iowa, looking back on, 2004:5.96

AIRCRAFT FIRES (NONCRASH)

Airports, at (See AIRPORTS)

California, June, 2006, 2007:6.83

Commercial jet, Texas, Nov., 2005, 2006:6.75

Military plane, California, Nov. 7, 1990, 1991:6.74

Passenger plane, Florida, Dec., 1998, 1999:6.94

AIRCRAFT HANGARS

Foam use in aircraft hangars, 2000:4.79

NFPA 5000, Building Code™, balances aircraft hangar structural safety and economics, 2002:5.24

AIRCRAFT HANGAR FIRES

California, 1994, 1995:5.36

California, 1998, 1999:2.25

California, 2001, 2002:3.34

California, 2003, 2004:1.17

Kansas, July, 1993, 1994:6.96

Nebraska, May, 2002, 2003:3.18, 2003:6.78

AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING (ARFF)

Debate continues on need for crews, funding, preparedness, types of rescue, 1997:2.84

NFPA 405, Recommended Practice for the Recurring Proficiency Training of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting addresses ARFF training issues, 1999:3.78

NFPA and federal government aviation safety efforts, history of, 2007:4.104

NFPA role in international aviation fire safety, 1996:3.50

NFPA survey of U. S. airport fire departments, 1998, 1999:3.72

AIRPORTS. See also AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING (ARFF); HELIPORTS

Aircraft fire on runway

Catastrophic, California, Feb. 1, 1991, 1992:4.72, 1992:6.76

Catastrophic, Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Dec. 3, 1990, 1991:4.70

Catastrophic, Illinois, Nov. 19, 1996, 1997:5.54

Georgia, May, 1991, 1992:6.77

Massachusetts, 1998, 1998:4.22

New York, March, 1991, 1992:6.79

New York, March, 1992, 1993:5.68, 1993:6.88

New York, Sept., 1992, 1993:6.88

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft fire on runway, California, Feb. 1, 1991, 1992:4.72, 1992:6.76

Aircraft fire on runway, Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Dec. 3, 1990, 1991:4.70

Aircraft fire on runway, Illinois, Nov. 19, 1996, 1997:5.54

Military aircraft fire, Wisconsin, Dec. 10, 1993, 1994:5.106, 1994:6.98

Emergency evacuation, applying NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® for, 2002:5.32

Emergency planning should include various occupancies, 2002:5.28

Emergency response drill, Logan International Airport, Boston, Mass., 1991:2.54

Fire alarm and communication systems requirements present challenges, 2004:5.32

Fire alarm and voice systems require thorough testing, 2002:5.36

Fueling accident at Denver International Airport leads to aircraft fueling policy changes, 2002:5.66

Hong Kong International Airport, fire safety provisions at, 2001:1.38

Japan Airlines' performance-based design approach to Kennedy Airport air cargo facility, 2002:5.62

Life safety jeopardized by tighter airport security, 1996:6.85

Loading walkways, maintaining safety of, 2001:1.63

NFPA standards addressing airport safety described, 2004:5.30

Orlando International Airport's new air traffic control tower incorporates new fire safety features, 2003:3.68

Tank farm fire, Stapleton Airport, Denver, Colo., Nov. 25, 1991, 1992:1.60

Terminal fire, fatal, Düsseldorf, Germany, Apr. 11, 1996, 1996:4.43

Washington, D. C. airports equipped with state-of-art fire protection and security systems, 1998:4.80

ALABAMA

Auto salvage yard fire, 1998, 1999:2.25

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, July 10, 1991, 1992:4.72

Aircraft, June 23, 1996, 1997:5.54

Apartment building, March, 2001, 2002:5.82

Apartment building, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Automobile, Dec., 2001, 2002:5.82

Board and care facility, Jan. 7, 1990, 1991:4.67

Board and care facility, Sept. 19, 1990, 1991:4.68

Board and care facility, Oct. 19, 1994, 1995:5.62

Building-under-renovation fire, Jan. 22, 1999, 2000:5.61

Camping trailer, Dec. 6, 197, 1998:5.56

Coal mine, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Day care center fire, Jan. 11, 1999, 2000:5.59

Dwelling, Aug. 27, 1990, 1991:4.64

Dwelling, Nov. 12, 1996, 1997:5.51

Dwelling, July 20, 1997, 1998:5.50

Dwelling, July 5, 1999, 2000:5.58

Dwelling, May, 2004, 2005:5.58

Hunting lodge, Nov., 2002, 2003:5.75

Manufacturing plant, May 11, 1999, 2000:5.60

Electric generating plant fire, Nov., 1991, 1992:6.76

Electric generating plant fire, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

Electric generating (nuclear) plant fire, May 23, 1996, 1997:6.58

Fatal fires

Apartment building, 2005, 2006:5.32

Dwelling, 1995, 1996:3.39

Dwelling, 1998, 1999:3.46

Dwelling, 1999, 2000:4.19

Dwelling, 2001, 2002:3.32

Dwelling , 2002, 2003:6.14

NFPA grants target high fire death rate, 2005:2.10

Manufactured home fire, 1992, 1993:4.25

Manufacturing plant fire, Feb., 1994, 1995:6.107

Manufacturing plant fire, June, 1998, 1999:6.91

Manufacturing plant fire, Feb., 2000, 2001:6.61

Manufacturing plant fire, Sept., 2006, 2007:6.76

Nuclear energy plant fire, May 23, 1996, 1997:6.58

Vacant building fire, 2002, 2003:5.18

Warehouse fire, 1992, 1993:4.26

Warehouse fire, Oct. 2, 1997, 1998:6.88

ALARM DELAYED

Air traffic control radioed jet repeatedly before contacting fire department, 1999:5.40

Alarms

Monitored alarm, lack of, 1997:4.22

Not heard outside empty building, 1995:6.108

Not in area of fire, 1997:6.50

Not set off immediately, 1992:3.32, 2007:4.25

Waterflow alarm did not operate, 1996:3.39

Waterflow alarm incorrectly installed, 1991:3.25, 2003:6.12

Central station alarm company not operating, 2004:6.20

Central station notification of fire service delayed, 1997:2.21, 2001:6.23

Cruise vessel delayed alarms factor in fatal fires, 1998:3.66

Detection system lacking, 1993:6.79, 1994:5.102, 1997:6.52, 1998:4.22

Detectors, smoke (See also DETECTORS, SMOKE, NOT A FACTOR IN FIRE)

Alarms not heard outside empty building, 1995:6.108

Below area of fire origin, 1995:6.99, 1995:6.106

Closed bedroom door, 2007:5.26

Lacking, 1995:1.34, 2000:6.86, 88, 2005:1.17, 2.22

Not functioning, 1992:6.29, 1994:1.30, 1997:3.29

Not set off immediately, 1992:3.32, 1995:2.30, 1999:3.46, 2004:5.70

Dispatched to wrong address, 1994:5.29, 1995:5.64

Employee(s), role of

Confirmed fire, 1991:1.30, 1991:5.64, 1992:4.71, 1992:5.56, 1992:6.74, 1993:6.81, 1994:4.31, 1994:6.89, 1995:4.39, 40, 1995:6.98, 1997:5.54, 1998:6.23

Evacuated patients, 1994:4.29

Failed to activate alarm system, 1999:2.25

Failed to locate source of fire, 1996:6.24

Failed to use manual alarms, 1992:6.29

Fought fire, 1991:2.31, 1991:3.26, 1991:4.67, 1991:6.23, 25, 73, 75, 1992:2.28, 1992:4.25, 1992:6.77, 79, 1993:1.26, 1993:2.20, 1993:6.82, 83, 85, 89, 1994:2.27, 30, 1994:5.30, 1994:6.96, 97, 1995:1.34, 1995:2.31, 1995:6.104, 106, 107, 1996:6.64, 1997:2.21, 3.33, 5.24, 6.19, 50, 56, 1998:4.20, 5.18, 6.89, 1999:5.20, 6.97, 2000:3.38, 6.96, 2001:6.62, 63, 2002:3.32, 2004:2.16, 6.56, 2006:3.30, 6.70, 2007:6.22

Investigated fire cause, 2000:2.23

Left site to report fire, 1993:6.30

Mistook alarm for false alarm, 1998:5.53

Mistook fire alarm for intrusion alarm, 1993:6.30

Reported fire as under control, 1993:3.34

Smelled smoke but delayed call to fire department, 2004:4.19

Thought fire extinguished, 1999:6.20

Fire burned undetected, 1991:1.28, 1991:5.28, 1997:5.49, 1998:6.84, 85, 86, 88, 92, 1999:6.90, 91, 95, 2000:6.95, 96, 2002:1.19, 4.20, 5.18, 20, 22, 2004:5.70, 6.18, 6.55, 2005:1.14, 16, 4.20, 2006:5.28, 6.69, 2007:6.82

Fire department advised to disregard alarms due to scheduled building maintenance, 1997:6.49

Fire in remote, unoccupied area, 2000:6.90

Hotel room occupant had difficulty contacting front desk, 1994:2.28

Industrial area unpopulated due to holiday, 1993:6.82

Interior location of fire, 1993:1.28

Key holder notified first, 2000:6.84

Manual pull stations not operational, 1994:5.95

Monitored alarm, lack of, 2002:4.18

Motion alarms not set off immediately, 1992:3.32

Neighbor(s), role of

Fought fire, 1995:5.34

Refused to call fire department, 1992:4.69

911 call incomplete, 1994:5.102, 1999:2.23, 1999:6.97

911 called prior to alarm box report, 1993:2.20

911 dispatcher misunderstood nature of call, 1998:5.16

911, signal not automatically sent to, 2002:1.21

911 system lacking, 1995:5.58

No fire detectors, 1992:1.23, 26, 1995:6.108

Occupant(s), role of

Attempted rescue, 1991:4.68, 1996:3.39, 1997:2.22

Attempted to move burning sofa, 2007:2.20

Attempted to move burning vehicle, 2002:5.20

Did not speak English, 2001:5.75, 2006:3.36

Fought fire, 1991:2.29, 3.36, 4.47, 4.69, 1992:4.26, 67, 5.25, 1993:1.27, 1994:1.31, 5.98, 102, 1995:3.38, 4.37, 5.53, 1996:1.23, 5.23, 1997:2.22, 5.21, 1998:1.23, 2.18, 6.23, 90, 1999:5.19, 2000:5.22, 6.17, 2001:2.23, :3.32, 2002:2.22, 4.19, 2003:2.24, 3.18, 2004:5.68, 5.69, 6.16, 2005:3.26, 3.32, 2006:4.24, 26, 27, 6.21, 2007:2.20, 5.58, 6.18, 19

Language barrier delayed notification, 2005:5.24

Left site to report fire, 1993:3.34, 1994:5.97, 1996:6.22, 2001:5.75, 76, 2005:2.20, 2006:5.28

Notified others in building before fire department, 2000:6.90, 2005:4.18

Searched for fire, 1991:1.30, 2004:6.17

Smelled burning but could not locate source, 2003:3.18

Telephoned relative rather than fire department, 1999:6.18, 2003:5.14

Thought fire extinguished, 2000:6.88

Passer(s)by, role of

Attempted rescue, 1991:4.64

Did not call fire department, 2000:6.86

Fought fire, 2006:6.22

Left site to report fire, 1994:3.30, 1995:5.35

Tried to locate smoke source, 1991:4.64

Plant closed for night, 2000:1.21

Plant closed for weekend, 1991:5.28, 1992:1.23

Power shut off, 1993:6.84

Protection systems unsupervised, 1993:5.67

Reason unknown, 1994:5.95, 1995:5.36, 1995:6.38

Remote location, 1992:1.23, 1993:5.62, 1993:6.83

Security personnel confirmed fire, 1997:5.23

Sheriff's department received call, contacted fire department, 1999:2.25

Shopping mall closed for night, 1997:4.21

Sprinkler system not connected to central alarm, 1993:1.26, 1995:3.39

Telephones not available at site/building, 1995:5.58, 1996:1.23, 2005:3.32

Telephones not operable due to fire, 1993:5.66, 1993:6.29, 30, 1995:6.99, 1996:6.22, 1997:6.50

Water motor gong outside building not heard, 1991:5.25

Waterflow alarms

Did not operate, 1996:3.39, 2000:6.91

Incorrectly installed, 1991:3.25, 2003:6.12

Weather obscured fire, 1992:1.23

ALARM SYSTEMS. See also BUZZ WORDS COLUMNS; DETECTORS; NATIONAL FIRE ALARM CODE®

Addressable systems, testing of, 1994:2.41

Computer use in, 1992:2.32

Design of, 1992:4.12

Directional sound used to indicate exits, 2005:3.50

High-rise speaker circuit survivability requirements, 2001:3.76

History of fire alarm industry, 2007:Fall.152

Industry experts discuss alarm technology, 1999:2.46

Inspection, testing, and maintenance to ensure reliability, 1996:5.68

Installer certification required in Seattle, 1993:1.55

Integrated fire and security systems in commercial buildings, 1997:3.60

Intelligent systems eliminate false alarms without compromising protection, 1997:6.78

Manual pull stations not operational, factor in catastrophic apartment building fire, 1998:5.45

Manual pull stations not operational, factor in catastrophic hotel fire, 1994:5.95

Manual pull stations not operational, factor in fatal fire, 1997:4.19

Manual pull stations not operational, factor in hotel fire, 2007:1.15

Manual system out of service, factor in school fire, 1998:1.21

Modified redundant systems increase safety, not cost, 1993:6.68

Multisensor alarms speed detection, reduce nuisance alarms, 1998:1.46

Notification system effectiveness, Fire Protection Research Foundation study of, 2007:5.34

Optimization of fire alarm systems for high-risk groups, Fire Protection Research Foundation study, 2007:6.24

Proprietary system at Chrysler Corp. Technology Center, 1995:3.129

Reliable hardware, system design, installation, maintenance all needed, 1995:1.49

Replacement or upgrading of older systems, 2005:4.66

Signals to reduce older adult fire deaths, 2006:5.26

Software management is crucial, 1995:1.54

Sound and strobe alarms required by Americans with Disabilities Act, 1995:4.58

Standardizing icons on fire alarm panels, 2000:5.66

Supervising stations play key role in holistic fire protection approach, 1999:3.130

Terminology needs clarification by users, engineers, designers, code enforcers, 1998:5.62

Voice alarm system design guidelines, 1994:1.50

Voice alarms, testing and improving intelligibility of, 1999:6.72

Waking effectiveness among children and elderly research by U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2003:4.44

Wiring system properly to ensure reliability, 2000:5.71

ALARMS, FALSE

Catastrophic fire alarm delayed because assumed false alarm, 1998:5.53

Causes, costs, and solutions to U. S. false alarm problem, 1995:1.45

Delayed response in fatal fire, 1995:6.37

Delayed response to catastrophic fire, 1994:5.98

Delayed response to large-loss fire, 2004:6.56

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2006:4.56

Habitual false/nuisance alarms can cause complacency, 2002:3.42

High number of U. S. fire service calls are false alarms, 2005:3.16

Intelligent systems eliminate false alarms without compromising protection, 1997:6.78

Multisensor alarms can reduce false alarms and speed detection, 1998:1.46

Nuisance alarms, caused by many factors, are problems for property owners and managers, 2007:2.50

Poor and early installation of alarm systems main causes of nuisance alarms, 1999:1.29

Study of causes and history of commercial system nuisance alarms, Naperville, Ill., 1999:4.86

Using NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, to prevent false alarms, 2002:1.34

ALASKA

Catastrophic ship fire, July 27, 1996, 1997:5.54

Fire-safe cigarettes legislation passed by state, 2007:5.18

Hotel fire, March 20, 1996, 1997:6.57

Hotel fire, 2006, 2007:1.15

Manufacturing plant fire, April 3, 1997, 1998:6.84

Office building fire, 2000, 2001:4.20

School fire, Aug., 2006, 2007:6.82

Store fire, April, 1994, 1995:6.100

Trans-Alaska pipeline officials face fire protection challenges, 2000:4.96

Vacant manufacturing plant fire, April 25, 1997, 1998:6.92

Wildland/urban interface fire, June 2, 1996, 1997:6.59

ALBERTA, CANADA

Apartment building fire, 1990, 1991:5.26

Apartment building fire, 2003, 2004:2.18

Bulk storage elevator fire, 1996, 1997:4.20

Suncor Energy Inc. oil sands operation addresses fire prevention challenges, 2004:6.36

At Suncor Energy Inc. oil sands operation, teamwork helps fight dangerous cold weather fire, 2005:6.58

ALCOHOL (BEVERAGE)

Apartment building fires, factor in, 1991:3.26, 1992:4.69, 1995:5.34, 1996:5.24, 1996:5.91, 1999:5.19

Catastrophic fires, factor in

Apartment building fire, 1992:4.69, 1996:5.91, 1998:5.49

Automobile fire, 1995:5.68

Board and care facility fire, 1996:5.96

Dwelling fire, 1991:4.64, 65, 66, 68, 1992:4.68, 1993:5.64, 1994:5.97, 1995:5.60, 1996:5.92, 93, 1998:5.49, 1999:5.50, 2000:5.56, 58, 2001:5.77

Fraternity house fire, 1997:5.50

Motor vehicle accident/fire, 1998:5.55

Catastrophic vacant building fires, factor in, 2000:5.60

Distillery explosion and fire, Kansas, Sept., 2002, 2003:5.18, 2003:6.77

Distillery fire, Kentucky, Nov. 7, 1996, 1997:6.57

Dormitory fire, factor in, 2001:3.30

Dwelling fires, factor in, 1991:4.64, 65, 66, 68, 1992:4.68, 1993:2.22, 1993:5.64, 1994:1.31, 1994:5.97, 1995:5.60, 1996:5.92, 93, 2003:1.15, 2003:5.16

Fatal fires, factor in

Apartment building fire, 1995:5.34, 1998:2.16, 1999:2.23, 1999:3.48, 2000:1.19, 2000:3.34, 2000:5.23, 2002:3.32, 2002:4.20, 2002:5.20

Boat fire, 2000:1.21

Camping trailer fire, 1999:1.19

Dwelling fire, 1993:2.22, 1994:1.31, 1998:1.23, 4.19, 1999:4.19, 1999:5.19, 2001:2.23, 2001:3.30, 2003:5.16, 2006:1.18, 2007:4.26

Fraternity house fire, 1997:6.21, 2007:6.17

Hotel fire, 1998:6.23, 2002:1.20

Manufactured home fire, 1998:1.23, 2005:6.20

Manufacturing plant fire, 1998:6.22

Motor home fire, 1995:5.36

Rooming house fire, 2001:6.21

Shed fire, possible factor in, 1993:2.20

Fraternity house fire, factor in, 1997:5.50, 6.21

Group home fire, factor in, 1992:1.26

ALCOHOL (FUEL)

Possible misuse in kerosene heater, fatal fire cause, 1998:2.16

Spill ignited by light, 1994:2.27

ALMAND, KATHLEEN H.

Profile of, 1998:3.54

ALTERNATIVE FUELS

Alternative fuels becoming more common at filling stations, 2002:6.46

NFPA 30A, Automotive and Marine Service Station, expanded to cover alternative fuels, 2000:4.83

NFPA Technical Committee on Vehicular Alternative Fuel Systems works to regulate alternative fuels, 2003:2.42

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)

Audited Designator status requires rigorous audit of standards development process, 1999:2.70

U. S. response to European economic unification and global standards led by, 1991:6.54

AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT

Accessibility standard set by act, 1993:3.42

Builders and owners, effects on, 1992:2.14

Life Safety Code changed to conform with, 1993:3.18, 1994:2.34

New technologies aid compliance, 1997:6.38

NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, and ADA requirements, 2005:4.70

Title III, discussion of, 1995:4.54

AMMONIA

Leak ignites warehouse fire, 1999:6.94

Liquid refrigerant, factor in warehouse fire, 1994:3.27

AMUSEMENT CENTER FIRES

New Jersey, Dec., 1992, 1993:6.79

Tennessee, July, 1992, 1993:6.81

AMUSEMENT PARKS

Security technology in modern amusement park design, 2006:3.79

U. S. parks and resorts use NFPA standards for pyrotechnic safety, 2002:3.78

AMUSEMENT PARK FIRES

Arizona, April, 1995, 1996:6.73

California, 1993, 1994:3.28

APARTMENT BUILDING FIRES. See also APARTMENT COMPLEX FIRES; CONDOMINIUM FIRES; HOUSING FOR ELDERLY FIRES

Alabama, 2005, 2006:5.32

Alberta, Canada, 1990, 1991:5.26

Alberta, Canada, 2003, 2004:2.18

Arizona, 1994, 1995:6.37

Arizona, June, 1998, 1999:6.96

Arkansas, 1993, 1994:3.28

California, Nov., 1993, 1994:6.89

California, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.110

California, 1996, 1997:3.30

California, 1997, 1998:2.18, 4.19, 5.15

California, 2000, 2001:1.21, 2001:3.32

California, 2002, 2003:5.16

California, May, 2003, 2004:6.54

California, July, 2005, 2006:6.71

Catastrophic

Alabama, March, 2001, 2002:5.82

Alabama, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Arizona, Feb., 2005, 2006:5.61

California, Sept. 7, 1991, 1992:4.69

California, April 26, 1993, 1994:5.96

California, May 3, 1993, 1994:5.95

California, June 6, 1994, 1995:5.59

California, Oct. 14, 1995, 1996:5.93

California, Feb. 6, 1996, 1997:5.49

California, Dec. 13, 1997, 1998:5.46

California, Sept., 2005, 2006:5.62

Illinois, May 30, 1990, 1991:4.65

Illinois, Dec. 9, 1991, 1992:4.67

Illinois, March 14, 1991, 1992:4.69

Illinois, Dec. 6, 1992, 1993:5.64

Illinois, March 20, 1994, 1995:5.53

Illinois, Sept. 15, 1997, 1998:5.46

Illinois, Oct. 26, 1997, 1998:5.46

Illinois, May 31, 1999, 2000:5.56

Illinois, March, 2001, 2002:5.82

Illinois, Sept., 2006, 2007:5.58

Iowa, Dec. 22, 1999, 2000:4.54, 5.57

Louisiana, Aug. 10, 1994, 1995:5.60

Louisiana, March, 2005, 2006:5.60

Maryland, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Maryland, Oct., 2002, 2003:5.75

Massachusetts, March 21, 1994, 1995:5.59

Massachusetts, Dec. 28, 1997, 1998:5.49

Massachusetts, Feb. 19, 1998, 1999:5.52

Michigan, July 31, 1991, 1992:4.68

Michigan, Feb. 28, 1993, 1994:5.95

Michigan, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.75

Minnesota, Nov. 10, 1993, 1994:5.97

Minnesota, Feb. 28, 1994, 1995:5.58

Minnesota, Jan. 14, 1995, 1996:5.91

Minnesota, Dec. 11, 1998, 1999:5.55

Mississippi, Jan. 26, 1993, 1994:5.95

Missouri, March 12, 1999, 2000:5.56

New Jersey, Feb. 13, 1991, 1992:4.69

New Jersey, May 6, 1997, 1998:5.45

New York, Aug. 4, 1990, 1991:4.66

New York, Jan. 16, 1990, 1991:4.65

New York, March 13, 1991, 1992:4.67

New York, Aug. 22, 1994, 1995:5.66

New York, Feb. 24, 1999, 2000:5.57

New York, January, 2001, 2002:5.82

New York, Nov., 2001, 2002:5.82

New York, June, 2002, 2003:5.75

New York, March, 2003, 2004:5.69

New York, April, 2004, 2005:5.57

New York, Jan., 2005, 2006:5.61

North Carolina, Sept. 5, 1993, 1994:5.100

Ohio, Dec. 11, 1993, 1994:5.102

Ohio, Jan. 12, 1994, 1995:5.58

Ohio, Sept., 2004, 2005:5.56

Ohio, Oct., 2004, 2005:5.56

Oregon, June 28, 1996, 1997:5.49

Pennsylvania, April 5, 1997, 1998:5.45

Pennsylvania, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Pennsylvania, June, 2005, 2006:5.62

Pennsylvania, Feb., 2006, 2007:5.58

Pennsylvania, March, 2006, 2007:5.58

Pennsylvania, Dec., 2006, 2007:5.60

Rhode Island, Feb. 27, 1993, 1994:5.96

Rhode Island, Dec. 23, 1995, 1996:5.93

Rhode Island, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.77

Tennessee, Dec. 28, 1998, 1999:5.53

Tennessee, Dec., 2001, 2002:5.82

Texas, Aug. 21, 1993, 1994:5.100

Texas, Oct., 2000, 2001:5.76

Texas, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.70

Virginia, May 18, 1998, 1999:5.50

Colorado, 1997, 1998:4.20

Colorado, July 18, 1997, 1998:6.90

Colorado, 2000, 2001:5.26

Colorado, 2005, 2006:4.26

Connecticut, 1996, 1997:2.21, 5.21

Connecticut, 1999, 2000:3.32

Connecticut, 2002, 2003:3.16

Connecticut, 2005, 2006:2.26

Florida, 1990, 1991:3.25, 1991:6.24

Florida, 1992, 1993:1.27

Florida, 1993, 1994:5.27, 1994:6.33

Florida, 1995, 1996:1.23

Florida, 1996, 1997:3.29

Florida, 1998, 1999:1.17

Florida, 2000, 2001:3.34

Florida, May, 2000, 2001:6.63

Florida, 2001, 2002:1.20

Florida, 2002, 2003:4.14

Georgia, 2006, 2007:3.34

Hawaii, 1993, 1994:2.28

Illinois, 1990, 1991:4.25

Illinois, 1993, 1994:1.31

Illinois, 1994, 1995:4.37

Illinois, 2004, 2005:5.27

Illinois, 2005, 2006:6.22

Indiana, 2000, 2001:2.22

Iowa, 2005, 2006:4.24

Iowa, Dec. 22, 1999, 2000:4.54, 5.57

Kentucky, 2000, 2001:3.36

Kentucky, 2001, 2002:5.20

Kentucky, 2004, 2004:4.16

Kentucky, 2005, 2006:2.26

Louisiana, 1997, 1998:2.16

Maine, 1995, 1996:5.24

Maine, 1999, 2000:1.19

Maryland, 1989, 1991:2.29

Maryland, 1991, 1992:3.34

Maryland, Nov., 1998, 1999:6.97

Maryland, 2001, 2002:5.18

Maryland, 2002, 2003:2.24

Maryland, 2005, 2006:3.38, 6.20

Maryland, Jan., 2005, 2006:6.72

Massachusetts, 1990, 1991:3.26

Massachusetts, 1992, 1993:6.28

Massachusetts, 1994, 1995:5.34

Massachusetts, 1995, 1996:1.22

Massachusetts, 1997, 1998:4.19

Massachusetts, 1998, 1999:6.17

Massachusetts, Aug. 29, 1999, 2000:6.95

Massachusetts, 2000, 2001:5.24

Massachusetts, 2002, 2003:3.14, 3.16

Massachusetts, 2005, 2006:1.18

Massachusetts, 2006, 2007:2.20

Michigan, Feb., 1994, 1995:6.99

Michigan, 1998, 1999:1.17

Michigan, 1999, 2000:2.22

Michigan, 2000, 2001:4.23

Minnesota, 2001, 2002:6.21

Minnesota, June, 2003, 2004:6.54

Minnesota, 2005, 2006:4.27

Minnesota, July, 2006, 2007:6.80

Missouri, 1994, 1995:3.37

Missouri, 2000, 2001:3.32

Missouri, 2003, 2004:2.18

Missouri, 2005, 2006:3.36

Montana, 1999, 2000:5.23

Nebraska, 1997, 1997:5.22

Nebraska, 2001, 2002:6.18

Nebraska, 2005, 2006:1.18

Nebraska, 2006, 2007:4.25

Nevada, 2004, 2005:5.32

New Hampshire, 1990, 1992:1.26

New Hampshire, 2003, 2004:4.17

New Jersey, 1996, 1997:5.22

New Jersey, 1997, 1998:3.41

New Jersey, 1998, 1999:2.24

New Jersey, Aug., 2000, 2001:6.63

New Jersey, 2002, 2003:5.16

New Jersey, 2004, 2005:2.22

New York, 1993, 1994:5.27

New York, 2000, 2001:1.21, 2001:5.25

New York, May, 1993, 1994:6.90

New York, March 28, 1994, 1995:6.85

New York, Aug., 1994, 1995:6.100

New York, 1996, 1997:6.20

New York, 1997, 1998:2.18

New York, Dec. 18, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:3.84

New York, Dec. 23, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:3.84

New York, 1999, 2000:5.22

North Carolina, 1994, 1995:4.38, 1995:5.34

North Carolina, 2002, 2003:1.15

North Carolina, 2005, 2006:6.22

North Dakota, 1998, 1999:2.23

Ohio, 1993, 1994:2.29

Ohio, 1995, 1996:5.24

Ohio, 1996, 1997:4.20

Ohio, 2000, 2001:2.22, 4.24

Ohio, 2004, 2005:2.20, 4.18

Ohio, 2005, 2006:6.18

Ohio, 2006, 2007:3.34

Oklahoma, June, 1998, 1999:6.97

Oregon, 1996, 1997:3.30

Oregon, Aug. 19, 1999, 2000:6.95

Oregon, March, 2003, 2004:6.54

Oregon, 2005, 2006:6.21

Pennsylvania, 1990, 1991:4.26

Pennsylvania, 2002, 2003:2.22, 2003:5.16

Pennsylvania, 2005, 2006:4.26

Rhode Island, 1992, 1993:2.22

Rhode Island, 1999, 2000:4.19

Rhode Island, 2003, 2004:1.15

South Carolina, 2006, 2007:3.28

Tennessee, 1999, 2000:3.36

Tennessee, 2006, 2007:2.19

Texas, 1996, 1997:2.22

Texas, Jan. 16, 1997, 1998:6.90

Texas, 1999, 2000:3.36

Texas, 2001, 2002:3.32

Texas, 2004, 2005:5.32

Texas, 2005, 2006:2.28

Texas, 2006, 2007:3.24

Utah, 1994, 1995:6.36

Utah, 1995, 1996:2.23

Utah, 1996, 1997:5.21

Vermont, 1996, 1997:2.22

Vermont, 2004, 2005:5.24

Virginia, 1992, 1993:3.35

Virginia, 1993, 1994:3.28

Virginia, 1997, 1998:5.15, 6.22

Virginia, 2001, 2002:1.21, 2002:4.20

Virginia, Feb., 2003, 2004:6.56

Virginia, 2004, 2005:6.18

Virginia, 2006, 2007:5.26

Washington, 1995, 1996:1.22

Washington, 1996, 1997:1.25

Washington, 1997, 1998:6.23

Washington, Nov. 13, 1997, 1998:6.90

Washington, 1998, 1999:3.48, 1999:5.19

Washington, 1999, 2000:6.17

Washington, 2000, 2001:4.23

Washington, 2002, 2003:2.22

Washington, 2003, 2004:1.15, 2004:3.18

Washington, 2004, 2005:6.18

Washington, 2005, 2006:1.18

West Virginia, 2001, 2002:4.20

West Virginia, 2004, 2005:4.16

Wisconsin, 1999, 2000:4.18

Wisconsin, 2005, 2006:2.28

Wisconsin, 2006, 2007:2.22

APARTMENT COMPLEX FIRES. See also APARTMENT BUILDING FIRES

California, 1990, 1991:4.26, 5.26

California, Nov. 10, 1990, 1991:6.73

California, 1992, 1993:5.35

California, 1993, 1994:2.28

Georgia, 1995, 1996:1.22

Iowa, April, 2003, 2004:6.53

Massachusetts, 1989, 1991:3.26

Missouri, 1989, 1991:1.30

Nevada, Jan., 2003, 2004:6.55

Nevada, Sept., 2003, 2004:6.54

New Jersey, 1993, 1994:1.32

New Mexico, July, 1995, 1996:6.74

Ohio, March, 1992, 1993:6.81

Oklahoma, 2006, 2007:1.19

APOLLO I SPACECRAFT

Fatal fire, 1996:1.68, 2006:1.80

AQUEOUS FILM-FORMING FOAM (AFFF)

Concentrate extinguishes aircraft fire, 1992:6.76

Limited prepiping hinders operations in fuel tank fire, 1991:6.73

AREAS OF REFUGE

Hospital fire, successful use in, 2001:5.26

ARENAS

Crown Coliseum, Cincinnati, Ohio, updates fire protection system, 1998:3.120

ARGENTINA

Republica Cromagnon disco fire, Buenos Aires, 2005:2.52

ARIZONA

Apartment building-under-construction fire, June, 1998, 1999:6.96

Athletic complex fire, 1993, 1994:5.30

Catastrophic fires

Apartment building, Feb., 2005, 2006:5.61

Dude wildland/urban interface, June 25, 1990, 1991:1.59, 1991:4.70, 1991:6.78

Dwelling, Nov. 5, 1993, 1994:5.97

Dwelling, April, 2001, 2002:5.82

Dwelling, March 26, 1995, 1996:5.92

Manufactured home, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Manufacturing plant, Mar. 27, 1998, 1999:5.55

Motor vehicle, Sept., 2000, 2001:5.79

Motor vehicle, Nov., 2000, 2001:5.79

Motor vehicle, Feb., 2005, 2006:5.63

Motor vehicle, May, 2006, 2007:5.62

Convention center fire, Dec., 2004, 2005:6.49

Dormitory fire, 1990, 1991:2.29

Dwelling fire, 1993, 1994:6.34

Fatal fires

Apartment building, 1994, 1995:6.37

Dwelling, 2003, 2004:6.17

Vehicle, 2004, 2005:2.28

Manufacturing plant fire, Nov. 12, 1992, 1993:4.33

Manufacturing plant fire, 2000, 2001:1.23

Motor vehicle repair shop fire, 1990, 1991:5.28

Movie studio/amusement park fire, April, 1995, 1996:6.73

Museum fire, 2003, 2004:1.14

Nursing home fire, 1193, 1994:4.29

Store fire, 2003, 2004:2.16, 2004:6.20

Store fire, March, 2003, 2004:6.56

Store fire, June, 2006, 2007:6.78, 79

Store fire, March 21, 1998, 1998:4.49

Warehouse fire, Nov., 1992, 1993:6.86

Warehouse fire, Aug., 2000, 2001:6.61

Warehouse fire, Aug., 2000, fire investigation report, 2001:6.70

Warehouse fire, 2004, 2005:2.26

Wildland fire, June, 2002, 2003:6.80

Wildland fire, June 18, 2002, Show Low Fire District, 2003:2.62

Wildland fire, June, 2003, 2004:6.55

ARKANSAS

Aircraft fire, June 1, 1999, fire investigation report, 1999:5.40

Apartment building fire, 1993, 1994:3.28

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, June 1, 1999, 2000:5.61

Building-under-renovation, June 18, 1993, 1994:5.104

Dwelling, Dec., 2002, 2003:5.75

Manufactured home, Dec. 28, 1997, 1998:5.50

Manufactured home, April, 2005, 2006:5.60

Motor vehicle, Jan. 9, 1995, 1996:5.99

Nursing home, March 13,1 990, 1991:4.67

Oil refinery, Jan. 13, 1999, 2000:5.60

Packaging and storage facility, May 8, 1997, 1998:5.53

Storage facility, July 4, 1999, 2000:5.60

Truck fire, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

Electric generating plant fire, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.92

Fatal fires

Dwelling, 1997, 1998:1.23, 4.19, 6.23

Dwelling, 1998, 1999:2.24

Dwelling, 2005, 2006:6.18, 24

Manufacturing plant, Aug., 1994, 1995:6.107

Incinerator plant fire, 1994, 1995:6.38

Manufacturing plant fire, 1990, 1991:5.28

Manufacturing plant fire, 1992, 1993:4.27

Manufacturing plant fire, Dec., 1993, 1994:6.94

Manufacturing plant fire, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.106

Manufacturing plant fire, July, 1994, 1995:6.104

Manufacturing plant fire, May 20, 1995, 1996:6.64

School fire, Aug., 2006, 2007:6.82

Shopping mall fire, 1996, 1997:4.21

Shopping mall fire, 1999, 2000:5.23

ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA

9/11 Pentagon response report brings change to county fire service, 2002:6.36

ARSON. See INCENDIARY (SUSPICIOUS) FIRES

ASBESTOS

Emergency response protocols for asbestos abatement site fires, 1992:3.55

Exposure response policy, New York, N. Y., 1992:1.42

Haz-mat contamination, terminal fire, 1992:6.76

Haz-mat team gathers particles from ducts after fire, 1997:6.22

ASHES

Boiler blocked by, caused explosion, 1994:6.92

Careless disposal of

Apartment building fire cause, 1998:6.22

Catastrophic dwelling fire cause, 1993:5.64

Clubhouse fire cause, 1991:6.23

Dwelling fire cause, 1992:1.21, 1998:1.22, 2000:4.18, 2004:6.16

Restaurant fire cause, 2001:5.22

ASPHALT

Ignited in roof fire, 1994:6.95

Leaked asphalt ignited by unknown source, 1993:6.84

ASPHYXIATION

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1997:4.60

ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES. See also MOTORSPORTS VENUES; SEATING; specific occupancies

After Station Nightclub fire, sweeping changes made to assembly occupancy codes, 2004:1.52

Arts center fire, Texas, June, 2005, 2006:6.74

Assembly occupancy structure fires, statistical summary of, 2002:1.16

Auditorium/hall fire, Mississippi, Mar., 1998, 1999:6.95

Boston Convention and Exhibition Center construction presented fire and life safety challenges, 2004:3.62

Bowling alley fire, Ohio, 2006, 2007:4.24

Bowling alley fire, Oregon, 1999, 2000:4.19

Calculating occupant load in assembly uses, 1999:3.54

Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center, University of Maryland, uses tested fire protection system, 2000:5.49

Convention center fire, Arizona, Dec., 2004, 2005:6.49

Convention center fire, Louisiana, 2001, 2002:6.22

Convention center fire and life safety challenges addressed by NFPA codes and standards, 2007:2.54

Crowd management factors in Riverfront Stadium, Cincinnati, concert disaster, Dec. 3, 1979, 2002:1.80

Crown Coliseum arena, Cincinnati, Ohio, updates fire protection system, 1998:3.120

Entertainment center fire, Pennsylvania, Jan. 28, 1997, 1998:6.92

Grandstand fire, Ohio, 2000, 2001:5.22

Interior finish materials need scrutiny in assembly occupancies, 2005:2.34

Major assembly occupancy fires covered by Quarterly and NFPA Journal, 2007:2.96

Massage parlor fire, Michigan, 1999, 2000:1.19

McCormick Place Exhibition Hall fire, 1967, looking back, 2004:3.136

Meeting hall fire, Massachusetts, 1997, 1998:1.21

Meeting hall fire, Missouri, 1997, 1998:2.19

National Guard Armory fire, Maine, 2003, 2004:6.18

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, addresses patron safety at assembly venues, 2002:1.29

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, requirements for assembly occupancy emergencies, 2002:1.30

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, takes integrated, all-hazards systems approach to crowd safety, 2002:1.40

NFPA 5000™ requirements, 2003:3.24

NFPA Technical Committee strives to make assembly occupancies safer, 2003:4.64

Occupied assembly occupancy fires may require extraordinary firefighting tactics, 2003:6.22

Olympics, 2000 Summer Games, Sydney, Australia, safety and security for, 2002:1.48

Olympics, 2002 Winter Games, fire protection based on NFPA standards, 2002:1.44

Open flame devices, tableside cooking, and food warming, as ignition sources in assembly occupancies, 2003:6.26

Pepsi Center, Denver, Colorado, designed for safety, 2000:3.72

Risk management using performance-based design, 2000:3.50

Sports venues, operational requirements for, 2004:3.34

Sports venues and the fire alarm challenge, 2004:3.38

Texas Fire Marshal's fire safety campaign urges students to "have an exit strategy" in public spaces, 2007:3.98

Town hall fire, New Hampshire, 2000, 2001:2.20

ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES. See also BOARD AND CARE FACILITIES; HOUSING FOR ELDERLY FIRES

Healthcare and residential board-and-care facilities differentiated, 1999:4.32

NFPA standards guide life safety, 2002:4.38

ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES FIRES

Catastrophic

Pennsylvania, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.78

Tennessee, Jan., 2004, 2005:5.59

Colorado, 2001, 2002:2.24

Florida, 2002, 2003:6.12

Minnesota, 2001, 2002:2.24

Missouri, 2000, 2001:3.28

Montana, March, 2005, 2006:6.69

ATLANTA, GA.

Stadium fire, July 20, 1993, 1994:4.49

Winecoff Hotel fire, 1946, 2006:6.104

ATTICS

Fan ignites concentrated fumes, 2003:6.79

Fire spread into, 1991:3.26, 4.67, 6.77, 1992:2.25, 4.69, 1993:5.64, 1994:5.28, 100, 1995:4.39, 5.36, 6.98, 100, 108, 1996:1.21, 5.25, 6.65, 1997:1.27, 2.22, 4.20, 21, 5.50, 51, 6.52, 53, 58, 1999:5.52, 53, 6.97, 2000:4.18, 20, 6.16, 2002:4.16, 20, 6.20, 2003:2.24, 4.16, 17, 2004:1.14, 6.17, 54, 56, 2005:4.18, 5.56, 59, 2006:4.26, 5.28, 6.71, 2007:3.24, 28, 4.28, 5.60, 6.80, 6.82

Fire spread through, 1991:6.23, 1992:6.76, 1994:4.31, 1996:6.64, 73, 1998:1.21, 6.22, 6.86, 2000:6.92, 2001:2.22, 4.20, 23, 24, 5.26, 77, 78, 6.62, 2005:1.16, 6.49, 2006:5.32

Fire started in, 1992:4.70, 1994:4.29, 1996:1.24, 1997:2.23, 1998:6.90, 2004:3.22, 6.55, 2006:2.24, 28, 2007:5.57

Lack of separations factor in fire spread, 1995:6.108

Overheated chimney ignites bird's nest in attic, 2004:1.14

Sprinkler protection for sloped spaces, 2005:5.34

AUSTIN, STEPHEN P.

Profile of, 1996:5.38

AUSTIN, TEXAS

City contracts with volunteer fire departments, 1991:2.104

Fire and life safety inspection effectiveness evaluated by Austin, Texas, fire department, 2002:6.66

Fire service uses media attention to increase fire safety, 1997:2.33

Recruiting and retaining fire protection engineers, Austin Fire Department survey, 1993:1.58

AUSTRALIA

Fenny Creek/Dandenongs wildfire, 1996, firefighter's account, 1997:2.49

Longford Esso refinery fire and explosion, Sept. 25, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:2.64

Safety and security for 2000 Sydney Summer Olympics, 2002:1.48

AUTOMOBILE FIRES. See also TRUCK FIRES; VEHICLE FIRES

Arizona, 2004, 2005:2.28

California, 1990, 1991:2.32

Catastrophic

Alabama, Dec., 2001, 2002:5.82

Arizona, Nov., 2000, 2001:5.79

California, Jan. 23, 1990, 1991:4.70

California, Oct. 2, 1990, 1991:4.72

California, July 22, 1991, 1991:4.67

California, Nov. 29, 1991, 1992:4.73

California, March 3, 1994, 1995:5.68

California, June 18, 1995, 1996:5.97

California, Sept. 10, 1995, 1996:5.100

California, Dec. 28, 1996, 1997:5.55

Florida, March 17, 1993, 1994:5.106

Florida, Nov. 9, 1996, 1997:5.55

Florida, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.80

Florida, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.73

Georgia, Apr. 3, 1996, 1997:5.54

Idaho, July 4, 1997, 1998:5.55

Illinois, Feb., 2004, 2005:5.60

Illinois, Aug., 2004, 2005:5.61

Iowa, Nov. 23, 1994, 1995:5.68

Kentucky, Aug. 6, 1996, 1997:5.54

Kentucky, Sept. 27, 1996, 1997:5.55

Michigan, July 12, 1998, 1999:5.56

Minnesota, Oct., 2000, 2001:5.79

Missouri, Feb. 4, 1990, 1991:4.70

Nevada, June 27, 1999, 2000:5.61

New Jersey, Feb. 17, 1997, 1998:5.55

New York, Mar. 11, 1998, 1999:5.56

New York, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Pennsylvania, Nov. 8, 1992, 1993:5.68

Tennessee, Dec. 11, 1990, 1991:4.70

Tennessee, Nov. 11, 1994, 1995:5.68

Texas, July 12, 1993, 1994:5.108

Texas, Jan. 18, 1994, 1995:5.68

Virginia, Aug. 1, 1994, 1995:5.68

Virginia, July, 2001, 2002:5.82

Washington, July, 2004, 2005:5.60

West Virginia, July 26, 1990, 1991:4.69

Wisconsin, April, 2001, 2002:5.82

Fire statistics and fire safety information, 1998:2.88

Illinois, 1993, 1994:1.32

Iowa, 2000, 2001:6.22

Kansas, 1994, 1995:2.31

Massachusetts, 1998, 1999:6.20

Massachusetts, 2001, 2002:5.20

Oregon, July, 1992, 1993:6.84

Texas, 1991, 1992:2.28

AUTOMOBILE REPAIR SHOP FIRES

Arizona, 1990, 1991:4.30

California, 1990, 1991:2.30

Catastrophic, Florida, Aug. 18, 1998, 1999:5.56

Catastrophic, New York, March, 2000, 2001:5.78

Catastrophic, Ohio, Nov. 11, 1991, 1992:4.70

Colorado, 1996, 1997:1.26

Georgia, Jan., 1994, 1995:6.100

Illinois, Sept., 1998, 1999:6.94

Iowa, 2000, 2001:6.22

Massachusetts, 1990, 1991:2.31

Massachusetts, 1996, 1997:2.23

Michigan, 1990, 1991:2.30

Michigan, 1995, 1996:3.40

New Mexico, May, 1995, 1996:6.70

Ontario, Canada, 1989, 1991:1.89

South Carolina, 1996, 1997:5.23

Texas, 1990, 1991:2.31

Washington, 1995, 1996:6.21

BACKDRAFTS

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2006:4.61

Firefighter injuries related to, 1997:6.75

Model of incident, apartment building fire, N. Y., N. Y., March 28, 1994, 1995:6.85

BAILEY, DAN W.

Profile of, 1992:1.16

BALCONIES

Apartment building fire started on, 1991:5.26, 1996:2.23, 1998:6.22, 2001:2.22, 2003:2.24, 2004:6.56, 2007:3.28, 6.80

Condominium fire started on, 2005:4.18

Fire spread to, 1997:5.52

BALTIMORE, MARYLAND

Convention center expansion integrates new and existing life safety systems, 1999:3.138

BARGE FIRES

Catastrophic

Illinois, July 3, 1997, 1998:5.55

Louisiana, Oct. 30, 1990, 1991:4.70

Louisiana, Oct., 2006, 2007:5.62

Florida, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.98

Massachusetts, 1997, 1998:4.22

BARN FIRES

Illinois, 1990, 1991:2.32

Massachusetts, 1995, 1996:2.25

Massachusetts, 2004, 2005:1.20

BARRACKS FIRES

Washington, May 11, 1990, 1991:6.77

BATHURST, DONALD G.

Profile of, 1993:6.20

BEDDING. See also MATTRESSES

Alcohol, ignited by, 1999:6.18

Candle, ignited by, 1995:5.53, 1999:2.24, 2000:5.22, 2006:5.60, 2007:3.26

Catastrophic fire involving, 1991:4.65, 1991:4.69

Cigar dropped by elderly, disabled person, ignited by, 1998:5.15

Cigarette, ignited by, 1994:2.30, 1995:2.30, 1998:6.23, 1999:6.18, 2001:3.30, 2003:6.12, 2005:5.24, 2007:1.20, 2007:6.19

Cigarette lighter, ignited by, 1995:2.31, 5.54, 2004:5.70

Cigarette lighter, ignited by child playing with, 1993:6.28, 1994:5.97, 1995:4.37, 2001:1.21, 5.78, 2002:3.32, 2003:3.14

Cigarette lighter, ignited by juvenile playing with, 1991:5.26, 2007:5.26

Detention center inmate, ignited by, 1997:1.27

Electric heater, ignited by, 1991:1.30, 1994:5.98, 2003:2.23, 6.14, 2005:1.16

Electrical cord, failed, ignited by, 2005:6.18

Electrical cord, pinched, ignites bedding, 2006:2.26, 28

Electrical cord arc, ignited by, 2006:4.26

Electrical receptacle arc in catastrophic fire, ignited by, 1997:5.52

Fireworks, ignited by, 1992:4.26

Gasoline in fatal fire, ignited by, 1992:2.28

Incense, ignited by, 1998:4.19

Kerosene heater in fatal fire, ignited by, 1995:1.34

Lamp plug, ignited by, 1991:3.25

Light fixture arc, ignited by, 2006:4.28

Marijuana cigarette, ignited by, 1997:5.22

Match, ignited by, 1994:5.97, 2005:4.16

Medical equipment fire, ignited by, 1994:5.104

Open flame device, ignited by, 1996:5.92, 1999:5.54, 2007:3.32

Smoking materials, ignited by, 1996:5.92, 2000:3.34, 2003:5.20

Smoking materials in catastrophic fires, ignited by, 1995:5.64, 2004:5.68

Smoking of illegal drugs, ignited by, 2002:6.21

Space heater, ignited by, 1995:5.53, 1999:1.19

Sparkler, ignited by, 1997:2.21

BELL, A. D.

Profile of, 1995:5.26

BENARICK, GLENN P.

Profile of, 1994:1.22

BERKOL, APRIL

Profile of, 1999:3.68

BERND, ROBERT E.

Profile of, 1998:1.36

BEVERLY HILLS SUPPER CLUB FIRE

Overview of fire, 1996:2.64

BEYREIS, JAMES R.

Profile of, 1994:5.20

BHATIA, JOE

Profile of, 1999:6.36

BLAIR, JOHN A.

Profile of, 1991:6.18

BLEVE

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1994:4.60, 1999:4.57

Forklift gas cylinder BLEVEs, 1996:6.63

LP-Gas tank, Iowa, April 9, 1998, fire investigation report, 1998:6.42

Propane cylinders, 1991:6.23, 1997:3.33

Propane tank hit by truck, 2002:1.18

BLISS, DONALD P.

Profile of, 1998:4.36

BLOOMINGTON, MINNESOTA

Mall of America, fire protection and life safety systems, 1999:6.66

BOARD AND CARE FACILITIES

2000-2004 statistics on U.S. fires, 2007:1.13

Homeless Veterans Assistance Act requires that veterans' housing comply with NFPA 101®, provides grants, 2004:1.28

Occupancy classification differentiated from health care facilities, 1999:4.32

BOARD AND CARE FACILITY FIRES. See also ADULT CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITY FIRES; GROUP HOME FIRES

California, 1993, 1994:2.30

California, 1996, 1997:1.27

Catastrophic

Alabama, Jan. 7, 1990, 1991:4.67

Alabama, Sept. 19, 1990, 1991:4.68

Alabama, Oct. 9, 1994, 1995:5.62

California, Oct. 3, 1995, 1996:5.97

California, Oct., 2003, 2004:5.71

Colorado, March 4, 1991, 1992:4.70

Connecticut, Feb. 10, 1996, 1997:5.53

Florida, Dec. 1, 1994, 1995:5.64

Georgia, March 11, 1991, 1991:4.67

Michigan, June 2, 1992, 1993:5.66

Michigan, Nov. 11, 1995, 1996:5.97

Missouri, Nov., 2006, 2007:5.60

New York, Oct. 17, 1990, 1991:4.68

Oregon, Jan. 12, 1995, 1996:5.96

Pennsylvania, Aug. 20, 1996, 1997:5.52

Pennsylvania, May 14, 1997, 1998:5.53

Pennsylvania, Aug., 2004, 2005:5.59

South Carolina, Nov. 22, 1990, 1991:4.69

Tennessee, Feb. 8, 1996, 1997:5.52

Tennessee, Sept., 2000, 2001:5.78

Texas, Aug. 13, 1990, 1991:4.68

Texas, April 11, 1993, 1994:5.105

Washington, April 27, 1998, 1999:5.54

Wisconsin, Dec. 31, 1990, 1991:4.69

Detroit, Michigan, June 2, 1992, 1993:1.29

Fatal fires, 1994-1998, investigation report, statistics on contributing factors, and protection, 1998:5.34

Life Safety Code protection requirements questioned, 1997:5.68

Massachusetts, 1995, 1996:2.24

Minnesota, 2000, 2001:5.24

Missouri, 2002, 2003:4.17

North Carolina, March 17, 1996, 1997:5.52

Pennsylvania, 1993, 1994:6.33

Pennsylvania, May 4, 1997, analysis, 1997:5.68

Quebec, Canada, Aug. 31, 1996, analysis, 1997:1.44

South Carolina, 2004:1.16

Vermont, 1995, 1996:3.36

BOARDING HOUSE FIRES. See ROOMING HOUSE FIRES

BOARDWALKS. See PIERS AND WHARVES FIRES

BOATS

Electrical safety requirements for repair equipment, wiring, 1995:5.40

Fireboats and tugboats respond to docking facility fire, 2007:4.21

Fireboats and tugboats respond to pier fire, 2007:6.78

NFPA 302, Fire Protection for Pleasure and Commercial Motor Craft, 2004 edition, requires smoke detectors on boats, 2004:4.36

Yacht manufacturing plant fire, Florida, 1996, 1997:1.28, 6.50

BOAT FIRES. See also SHIP FIRES

Catastrophic

Cabin cruiser, Ohio, May 9, 1993, 1994:5.106

Louisiana, Oct., 2006, 2007:5.62

Sailboat, California, Nov. 16, 1991, 1992:4.73

Fishing boat, Washington, 1999, 2000:1.21

Kentucky, 1997, 1998:3.42

Marina, Connecticut, 1990, 1991:6.26

Massachusetts, 1994, 1995:4.39

Ohio, March, 1992, 1993:6.81

Paddle boat in drydock, Minnesota, 2000, 2001:1.23

Power boat, Nebraska, 1990, 1991:4.31

Washington, 2001, 2002:3.34

Washington, 2002, 2003:3.20

Yacht, Florida, April 19, 1996, 1997:6.60

Yacht, Florida, May, 2002, 2003:6.81

Yacht, Florida, April, 2004, 2005:6.48

BOATYARDS. See also MARINA FIRES

Electrical safety requirements, 1995:5.40

Fire, Maine, 2001, 2002:6.75

Repair shop fire, Maine, Feb. 1, 1999, 2000:6.86

BOEHLERT, SHERWOOD

Profile of, 1996:1.36

BOLLON, VINCENT

Profile of, 1999:2.42

BOSTON, MASS. See also COCOANUT GROVE FIRE

"Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project fire safety guided by NFPA 502, Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways, 2003:3.42

Fire department overview, 1996:3.110

Fire department profile, 1991:2.93

Fire landmarks in city, 1996:3.104

Fourth of July city fireworks display emphasizes safety, 2000:3.98

Logan International Airport, emergency response drill, 1991:2.54

New Boston Convention and Exhibition Center presented fire and life safety challenges, 2004:3.62

Simulated plane crash into Hancock Tower tests emergency preparedness, 1993:6.35

Terrorist response training funded by Domestic Preparedness Act, 1998:1.38

BOULDER, COLO.

Fire inspection requirements determined by life safety evaluation, 1995:1.57

BOYD, HOWARD F.

Profile of, 1993:4.18

BOYD, WAYNE H.

Profile of, 1998:4.39

BRACE, TOM

Profile of, 1996:4.37

BRANCH DAVIDIAN COMPLEX FIRE

Fire investigation, Congressional testimony, 1995:6.91

BRANNIGAN, FRANK

Profile of, 1995:1.23

BREEDLOVE, DIANE

Profile of, 1994:2.22

BRICE, HERMAN W.

Profile of, 1994:3.21

BRIDGE FIRES

Connecticut, 1996, 1997:3.34

BRIDGES

NFPA 502, Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways, guides Boston's "Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project fire safety, 2003:3.42

NFPA standards for bridges and tunnels provide fire protection guidance, 2003:3.56

BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

Manufacturing complex fire, 1991, 1992:2.26

BRODERICK, CORINNE

Profile of, 1999:3.67

BRUNO, HAL

Profile of, 1996:2.38

BRUSH FIRES

Catastrophic crop fire, Texas, March, 2003, 2004:5.72

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2006:4.63

Firefighter injuries related to, 1994:6.64, 66

Highway fire ignited by, 2006:6.69

Wildland fire ignited by, 1994:6.99, 2007:6.80

BUGBEE, PERCY

Past NFPA general manager, 1995:6.77

BUILDING CODES. See BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY CODE® (NFPA 5000®); NFPA CODES AND STANDARDS

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY CODE® (NFPA 5000®)

2006 edition, proposed changes, 2005:2.60

2006 edition requires residential sprinklers, 2005:4.10

2009 edition, changes proposed to improve occupant and responder safety in high-rise buildings, 2007:2.36

Aircraft hangar structural safety and economics, balancing, 2002:5.24

Assembly occupancy requirements, 2003:3.24

Assisted living facilities, requirements for, 2002:4.38

California adopts NFPA 5000™ as building code, 2003:5.24, 2003:6.38

California reverses decision to adopt NFPA 5000™, 2005:3.18

Code certification test for building inspectors/plans examiners developed by NFPA, 2002:6.62

Code changes proposed in response to Warwick, RI, The Station nightclub fire, 2005:3.44

Code will be included in federal code set, 2001:4.34

Disney World Animal Kingdom Lodge design used equivalency provisions in NFPA 5000™, 2003:5.38

Examining philosophy of four goals of NFPA 5000, 2004:1.30

Fire compartments and building height, new approach to, 2001:3.46

Fire-resistance-rated construction provisions within code, 2003:2.28

Full-service support to train, certify and help users of code, 2002:2.56

Hazardous materials levels identified, safety requirements offered, 2002:6.23

Historic renovations covered in Chapter 15, 2003:1.19

Integrating fire alarm and fire protection systems, 2004:2.32

Mixed use and multiple use building needs, coverage of, 2002:3.38

Natural disasters, code references best guidelines for, 2001:4.42

New York City urged to adopt code by fire service, tenants, healthcare facilities, others, 2005:1.10

Occupancy classification determination critical to application of code requirements, 2006:5.40

Orlando International Airport's new air traffic control tower goes beyond Building Code, 2003:3.68

Performance-based design guided by Chapter 5, 2003:6.32

Performance-based design option included in code, 2002:2.28

Residential fire protection requirements included to promote home safety, 2003:4.22

Residential sprinkler protection requirements, 2006 edition, 2005:4.10

Revision cycle for code changed, 2003:4.36

Roundtable discussion of code, 2001:2.42

Sports venues, fire alarm challenges of, 2004:3.38

Sprinkler requirements for nursing homes, dwellings, nightclubs, 2005:5.14

Sprinkler requirements for renovated healthcare facilities, 2002:4.22

BUILDING MATERIALS. See also INTERIOR FINISHES

European Community product testing standards will affect U. S. products, 1992:5.45

Glazing developments offer alternatives to wired glass, also raises code questions, 1998:6.76

Post-impact collapse, World Trade Center, brings focus on fire-resistive materials' durability, 2005:5.80

Through-penetration protection systems, 1994:1.54

BUILDING SCENE COLUMNS

Adequacy and validity of existing fire tests, 1994:2.14

Alarm system design, 1992:4.12

Americans With Disabilities Act affects builders, owners, 1992:2.14

Americans with Disabilities Act spurs changes to Life Safety Code, 1993:3.18

Basis-for-design reports help authority having jurisdiction and building owner, 1995:4.24

Cooperation needed to meet fire safety goals, 1996:3.46

Design-related sprinkler system problems, 1993:6.12

Doors, windows, walls, classification of assemblies as, 1991:2.26

Elevators as means of egress, 1996:1.30

Engineering life safety in high-rise buildings, 1992:1.12

Establishing industrial fire safety programs, 1993:2.12

Evaluating equivalencies and exceptions to fire code standards, 1995:1.16

Evaluating occupant load for egress, 1994:1.14

Field modifications to fire doors, 1992:6.12

Fire-retardant wood shakes/shingles, 1991:1.24

Glazing materials labeling controversy, 1991:6.12

Life Safety Code, 1991, changes in, 1991:3.33

Life Safety Code, 1991, contents and furnishing regulations, 1991:4.20

Life Safety Code, building security provisions, 1992:5.22

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1991 edit., 1991:5.12

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1994, changes in, 1994:3.14

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, applied to industrial occupancies, 1994:4.16

Occupant load calculation myths, 1996:6.30

Out-of-service fire protection systems, procedures for, 1996:4.30

Partnership of owners, designers, and public officials a must in fire protection, 1993:1.12

Performance objectives for existing buildings, 1995:6.22

Performance-based code development, 1994:6.16, 1995:2.16

Performance-based codes, 1992:3.20

Performance-based codes, designing buildings for, 1995:5.20

Performance-based codes based on existing codes, 1995:3.24

Preventing detector nuisance alarms, 1993:5.16

Regulations' effect on innovative construction methods, 1996:2.32

Top five excuses for ignoring fire protection requirements, 1996:5.32

Warehouse sprinkler system design, 1993:4.16

BUILDING TO CODE COLUMNS

Assembly occupancies and NFPA 5000™, 2003:3.24

Disney World Animal Kingdom Lodge design used equivalency provisions in NFPA 101® and NFPA 5000™, 2003:5.38

Examining philosophy of building codes, 2004:1.30

Fire-resistance-rated construction provisions within NFPA 5000™, 2003:2.28

NFPA 5000™ and historic renovations, 2003:1.19

Performance-based design guided by NFPA 5000™, 2003:6.32

To promote home safety, NFPA 5000™ includes residential fire protection requirements, 2003:4.22

BUILDING-UNDER-CONSTRUCTION FIRES. See also DWELLING-UNDER-CONSTRUCTION FIRES

Animal shelter, California, 2001, 2002:3.36

Apartment building, California, 1997, 1998:2.18

Apartment building, California, June, 1998, 1999:6.96

Apartment building, California, 2002, 2003:5.16

Apartment building, Florida, May, 2000, 2001:6.63

Apartment building, Maryland, 2001, 2002:5.18

Apartment building, Minnesota, June, 2003, 2004:6.54

Apartment building, Nebraska, Jan., 2004, 2005:6.44

Apartment building, Oklahoma, June, 1998, 1999:6.97

Apartment building, Oregon, Aug. 19, 1999, 2000:6.95

Apartment building, Oregon, March, 2003, 2004:6.54

Apartment building, Oregon, 2004, 2005:4.19

Apartment building, Texas, Aug., 2004, 2005:6.44

Apartment complex, California, May, 2003, 2004:6.54

Apartment complex, California, Nov. 10, 1990, 1991:6.73

Apartment complex, Iowa, April, 2003, 2004:6.53

Apartment complex, Kentucky, 2000, 2001:3.36

Apartment complex, Nevada, Jan., 2003, 2004:6.55

Apartment complex, Nevada, Sept., 2003, 2004:6.54

Apartment complex, New Jersey, Aug., 2000, 2001:6.63

Assisted living facility, Montana, March, 2005, 2006:6.69

California, 2001, 2002:6.75

California, Jan., 2004, 2005:6.44

Catastrophic, observatory, Hawaii, Jan. 16, 1996, 1997:5.52, 6.59

Condominium, Wisconsin, Feb., 2005, 2006:6.68

Condominium complex, Florida, 1998, 1999:4.21

Courthouse, New Hampshire, 2002, 2003:1.14

Dormitory, Washington, March, 2006, 2007:6.81

Dwelling, Colorado, 2004, 3.28, 2005:6.19

Dwelling, Delaware, Oct., 2000, 2001:6.63

Hotel, Connecticut, Aug., 2005, 2006:6.69

Laboratory, Massachusetts, Feb., 2005, 2006:6.68

Missouri, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.69

Mixed-use, Colorado, Jan., 2006, 2007:6.81

Mixed-use, Washington, 2005, 2006:6.24

Museum, Oregon, 1994, 1995:6.35

Office building, New York, April, 2003, 2004:6.53

Ohio, March, 1994, 1995:6.110

Postal facility, Massachusetts, 1990, 1991:3.27

Senior center, Kansas, March, 2004, 2005:6.44

BUILDING-UNDER-RENOVATION FIRES

California, 1991, 1992:5.26

California, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.68

Catastrophic

Alabama, Jan. 22, 1999, 2000:5.61

Dwelling, Arkansas, June 18, 1993, 1994:5.104

Grain elevator, Indiana, Oct. 1, 1996, 1997:5.52

Restaurant/apartment building, Minnesota, Dec. 11, 1998, 1999:5.55

Church, Kansas, 1998, 1999:6.17

City hall rotunda, California, Feb., 1998, 1999:6.96

Courthouse, Maryland, Nov., 2004, 2005:6.45

Dwelling, California, 1999, 2000:3.36

Dwelling, New York, Dec. 18, 1999, 2000:6.93

Dwelling, Texas, 2003, 2004:4.16

Dwelling, Washington, 2000, 2001:1.20

Group home, Rhode Island, 2003, 2004:3.24

Historic building, West Virginia, 1996, 1997:6.22

Manufacturing plant, Florida, May, 1998, 1999:6.90

Manufacturing plant, South Dakota, Dec. 15, 1990, 1991:6.75

Massachusetts, 1997, 1998:3.42

Mill, North Carolina, Aug., 1998, 1999:6.97

New York, 2003, 2004:2.19

Pennsylvania, 1997, 1998:6.24

Recreational facility, Illinois, March, 1992, 1993:6.88

School, Washington, 2001, 2002:6.75

Warehouse/homeless shelter, Washington, 1991:4.31

BUKOWSKI, RICHARD W.

Profile of, 1994:1.23

BUNCEFIELD OIL DEPOT FIRE

Hertfordshire, England, Dec. 11, 2005, 2006:3.86

BURNING ISSUES COLUMNS

Candle fire statistics and fire safety information, 1998:3.160

Carbon monoxide poisoning, causes, symptoms, prevention, 1997:6.120

Children and fires, statistics, 1995:5.144

Cigarette smoking statistics, 1995:3.160

Disabled persons, fire safety for, 1996:4.112

Dormitory fire statistics, 1997:3.152

Elderly and fires, statistics, 1996:2.104

Elderly fire fatalities, statistics and education program, 1999:4.112

Federal fire safe hotel/motel list available to public; hotel fire statistics, 1999:5.112

Fire safety checklist, 1997:1.104

Fire safety for preschoolers, 1997:2.112

Fireworks incident statistics and safety, 1998:4.96

"Great Escape" has made progress, but home fire safety misconceptions persist, 2000:5.112

Holiday and heating season fire safety, 1998:6.120

Home heating equipment, risks of, 1996:6.128

Kitchen fire statistics, fire safety information, 1998:1.88

Motor vehicle and aircraft fire statistics compared, 1995:4.120

Motor vehicle fire statistics and fire safety information, 1998:2.88

Multiple fatality fires at fraternity houses, 2000:3.176

NFPA 414, Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting Vehicles, addresses changes in fire fighting and agent vehicles, 2000:1.96

NFPA codes and standards being updated, 1996:5.120

100s in NFPA history, 1996:3.160

Poverty's effect on fire risk, 1996:1.104

Residential candles fires increasing in number, 2000:6.112

Residential fire statistics and safety information, 1998:5.112

Roof fire safety statistics and construction/repair recommendations, 1999:2.96

School fire drills needed to keep schools fire safe, 1999:1.80

School fire safety holds lessons for other occupancies, 1997:5.104

Security devices increase risk of fire injury, 1999:3.176

Storm-caused power outages, safety during, 2000:2.96

Summer fire hazards, 1997:4.96

Trans-Alaska pipeline officials face fire protection challenges, 2000:4.96

Underwriters Laboratories report compares National Electrical Code and IEC 60364, 1999:6.112

BURNS

Burns and smoke compared as fire death causes, 1995:1.38

Common products that cause severe burns, 1996:1.79

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2000:4.56, 57, 58, 59, 2001:4.79, 2003:4.62

Firefighter injuries, 1997:6.74, 75, 76, 2001:6.53, 2003:6.70, 71

Preventing scald injuries, 2005:2.38

BUS FIRES

Illinois, 1991, 1992:4.26

Storage facility, New Mexico, 1999, 2000:6.14

Texas, Sept., 2005, 2006:5.63

Vehicle fires involving buses, special report, 2006:5.64

West Virginia, 2003, 2004:4.16

BUSINESS CONTINUITY

Business continuity planning protects against service interruptions, 2000:1.54

NFPA 75, Protection of Information Technology Equipment, provides guide to achieve continuity, 2006:4.64

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Program, fall meeting review, 1999:5.97

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, 2007 edition, available at no cost, 2007:3.20

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, is important tool for response and recovery, 2002:4.88

United Airlines Operations Control Center fire, Elk Grove, Aug. 11, 1999, 2001:1.55

BUTTERWORTH, LYDIA

Profile of, 1999:5.39

BUZZ WORDS COLUMNS

AHJ should verify alarm installer qualifications, 2006:2:38

Airport detection and notification challenges, 2004:5.32

Airport fire alarm and voice systems require thorough testing, 2002:5.36

Alarm industry buzz words emphasize commitment to ethical performance, 1999:3.61

Alarm systems installed poorly, too early, cause nuisance alarms, 1999:1.29

Assessing fire alarm installations for workmanlike quality, 1999:2.37

Authorities having jurisdiction not adequately enforcing the National Fire Alarm Code, 2007:3.46

Campus fire safety increased by increasing smoke detector reliability, 2006:5.42

Comprehensive acceptance testing of alarm system is critical, 2000:3.55

Coordinating homeland security and NFPA 72® requirements for mass notification, 2004:1.29

Designers, installers, AHJs should help building owners to comply with National Fire Alarm Code, 2001:2.36

Dormitory fire safety, 2000:5.38

Educational occupancies protected by properly designed, installed, and maintained alarm systems, 2003:5.36

False alarms can be prevented by using NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, 2002:1.34

Fire alarm system requirements for healthcare occupancies, 2000:2.35

Fire protection professionals' duty to cooperate to provide life safety, property protection, 1999:5.32

Fire service, manufacturers, dealers, and installers should work together to improve alarm system installations, 2007:6.32

Health care occupancies require smoke door release methods, 2005:6.30

High-rise building emergency communication requirements addressed by NFPA 72, 2001:3.50

For historic buildings, retrofitting fire alarm systems is keen challenge, 2003:1.30

How to meet code when installing alarm systems, 1999:4.36

Industrial facilities present unique challenges for fire alarm system installation, 2001:5.40

Installer competency important to AHJ and owner, 2006:1.30

Integrating alarm systems with other building systems, 2000:1.30

Integrating fire alarm and fire protection systems, 2004:2.32

Integrating fire pumps and fire alarm systems, 2005:5.38

Maintenance and testing of alarm systems important to operational reliability, 2007:1.30

Mass notification system requirements proposed for NFPA 72®, to aid homeland security, 2004:6.30

New alarm technology requires more training, 2005:3.40

NFPA 72®, 2007, changes influenced significantly by research, 2007:5.42

NFPA 72®, 2007, new requirements, 2006:6.34

NFPA 72^® changes driven by technology, 2007:4.38

NFPA 72® committee considers code changes, 2001:4.36

NFPA 72® does not add or delete requirements from building codes, 2003:2.40

NFPA 72® enforcement requires education of authority have jurisdiction (AHJ), 1999:6.30

NFPA 72® includes maintenance and testing requirements, 2005:4.32

NFPA 72® requires good record-keeping, 2002:2.40

NFPA 72® updated for residential fire alarm systems, 2003:4.34

NFPA 909, Protection of Cultural Resources Including Museums, Libraries, Places of Worship, and Historic Properties, provides fire protection guidance for historical, cultural properties, 2000:6.28

NFPA and local building codes help define 'best' alarm system for application, 2001:6.31

NFPA technical interpretations of National Fire Alarm Code® available to members, 2001:1.34

Nightclub fire alarm systems present challenges, 2003:6.30

Owner, designer, and installer responsibilities for alarm system installation, 2002:6.32

Periodic testing increases reliability of alarm system, 2000:4.34

Qualified installers, familiar with NFPA 72, should install all alarm systems, 2005:2.36

Quality and reliability of alarm system installations, 2005:1.28

Quality vs. cost struggle in applying NFPA codes and standards, 2002:4.34

Seaports, designing fire detection and notification for, 2004:4.30

Smoke detector spacing guidelines, 2006:4.36

Sports venues and the fire alarm systems challenge, 2004:3.38

Staying qualified as an alarm professional, 2002:3.50

Technical Committees work to improve NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, 2006:3.46

Understanding limitations of a fire alarm system, 2003:3.36

Wiring insulation requirements for fire alarm systems, myths, realities, and requirements, 2007:2.32

CALIFORNIA

Aircraft fire, Nov. 7, 1990, 1991:6.74

Aircraft fire, Feb., 1991, 1992:6.76

Aircraft fire, July, 1994, 1995:6.110

Aircraft hangar fire, 1994, 1995:5.36

Aircraft hangar fire, 1998, 1999:2.25

Aircraft hangar fire, 2001, 2002:3.34

Aircraft hangar fire, 2003, 2004:1.17

Amusement park fire, 1993, 1994:3.28

Apartment building fire, 1990, 1991:5.26

Apartment building fire, 1996, 1997:3.30

Apartment building fire, 1997, 1998:5.15

Apartment building fire, July, 2005, 2006:6.71

Apartment complex fire, Nov. 10, 1990, 1991:6.73

Apartment complex fire, 1992, 1993:5.35

Apartment complex fire, 1993, 1994:2.28

Board and care facility fire, 1993, 1994:2.30

Building-under-construction fire, 1993, 1994:3.27

Building-under-construction fire, 1997, 1998:2.18

Building-under-construction fire, 2001, 2002:3.36, 2002:6.75

Building-under-construction fire, 2002, 2003:5.16

Building-under-construction fire, May, 2003, 2004:6.54

Building-under-construction fire, Jan., 2004, 2005:6.44

Building-under-renovation fire, 1991, 1992:5.26

Building-under-renovation fire, Feb., 1998, 1999:6.96

Building-under-renovation fire, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.68

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, Nov. 26, 1993, 1994:5.108

Aircraft, Dec. 15, 1993, 1994:5.106

Aircraft, June, 2002, 2003:5.75

Apartment building, Sept. 7, 1991, 1992:4.69

Apartment building, Apr. 26, 1993, 1994:5.96

Apartment building, May 3, 1993, 1994:5.95

Apartment building, June 6, 1994, 1995:5.59

Apartment building, Oct. 14, 1995, 1996:5.93

Apartment building, Feb. 6, 1996, 1997:5.49

Apartment building, Dec. 13, 1997, 1998:5.46

Apartment building, Sept., 2005, 2006:5.62

Automobile, Dec. 28, 1996, 1997:5.55

Board and care facility, Oct. 3, 1995, 1996:5.97

Board and care facility, Oct., 2003, 2004:5.71

Boat, Nov. 16, 1991, 1992:4.73

Dwelling, Aug. 3, 1992, 1993:5.64

Dwelling, Nov. 29, 1994, 1995:5.62

Dwelling, May 29, 1995, 1996:5.91

Dwelling, Dec. 14, 1995, 1996:5.92

Dwelling, Dec. 19, 1996, 1997:5.51

Dwelling, April 26, 1997, 1998:5.45

Dwelling, June 1, 1997, 1998:5.49

Dwelling, July, 2003, 2004:5.68

Fire apparatus, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

Manufactured home, Dec. 30, 1997, 1998:5.50

Manufacturing plant, Nov. 15, 1997, 1998:5.53

Motor home, July 30, 1990, 1991:4.72

Motor vehicle, Jan. 23, 1990, 1991:4.70

Motor vehicle, Oct. 2, 1990, 1991:4.72

Motor vehicle, Nov. 29, 1991, 1992:4.73

Motor vehicle, Dec. 25, 1991, 1992:4.73

Motor vehicle, March 3, 1994, 1995:5.68

Motor vehicle, June 18, 1995, 1996:5.97

Motor vehicle, June 23, 1995, 1996:5.100

Motor vehicle, June 27, 1995, 1996:5.100

Motor vehicle, Sept. 9, 1995, 1996:5.100

Motor vehicle, Sept. 10, 1995, 1996:5.100

Motor vehicle, May 4, 1997, 1998:5.55

Motor vehicle, March, 2000, 2001:5.79

Motor vehicle, Nov., 2005, 2006:5.64

Motor vehicle, July, 2006, 2007:5.62

Oil refinery, Feb. 23, 1999, 2000:5.59

Outside, trench for pipeline, Nov., 2004, 2005:5.60

Runway aircraft collision, fire, Feb. 1, 1991, 1992:4.72

Structure fires due to civil disturbance, April 29-May 1, 1992, 1993:5.67

Truck, July 29, 1998, 1999:5.56

Underground electrical vault, July 12, 1990, 1991:4.69

Vacant dwelling, July 22, 1990, 1991:4.67

Wildland, Oct. 20, 1991, 1992:4.72

Wildland, Oct., 2006, 2007:5.62

Wildland-urban interface, Nov. 2, 1993, 1994:5.108

Wildland-urban interface, Oct., 2003, 2004:5.72, 2004:5.73

Church fire, 2005, 2006:1.22

Cigarettes, fire-safe, legislation, 2005:6.10, 2007:1.12

Condominium complex fire, 1990, 1991:6.24

Detention facility fire, 1992, 1993:5.36

Dwelling fire, 1991, 1992:4.26, 1992:6.28

Dwelling fire, 1992, 1993:4.25

Dwelling fire, April, 1992, 1993:6.79

Dwelling fire, Sept., 1992, 1993:6.81

Dwelling fire, 1995, 1996:2.23, 1996:3.36

Dwelling fire, Jan., 1998, 1999:6.97

Dwelling fire, 1999, 2000:3.36, 2000:4.18

Dwelling fire, Aug., 2002, 2003:6.81

Dwelling fire, 2003, 2004:5.18

Dwelling fire, 2004, 2005:4.20

Dwelling fire, 2005, 2006:5.28, 34

Dwelling fire, Dec., 2006, 2007:6.80

Earthquake, Northridge, Jan. 17, 1994, 1995:3.52

Electric generating plant fire, Jan. 10, 1990, 1991:6.76

Electric generating plant fire, 1998, 1999:4.22

Electric power conversion facility fire, Oct., 1993, 1994:6.92

Electric substation fire, March, 2003, 2004:6.56

Fatal fires

Aircraft, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.110

Apartment building, 1990, 1991:4.26

Apartment building, Nov., 1993, 1994:6.89

Apartment building, 1997, 1998:4.19

Apartment building, 2000, 2001:1.21, 2001:3.32

Automobile, 1990, 1991:2.32

Board and care facility, 1996, 1997:1.27

Dwelling, 1994, 1995:2.30, 2005:2.22

Dwellings, 1995, 1996:1.23, 1996:6.22

Dwelling, 1997, 1998:5.16

Dwelling, 1998, 1999:6.19

Dwelling, 1999, 2000:1.20

Dwelling, 2000, 2001:6.20

Dwelling, 2001, 2002:4.19

Dwelling, 2002, 2003:5.14, 2003:6.14

Dwelling, 2004, 2005:3.24

Dwelling, 2005, 2006:5.32

Dwelling, 2006, 2007:4.25

High-rise office building, May 4, 1988, 1992:5.56

Hotel, 2004, 2005:6.21

Manufactured home, 1998, 1999:5.20, 1999:6.18

Manufacturing plant, 1997, 1998:6.22

Motor vehicle, 1995, 1996:1.21

Paint plant explosion, fire, 1991, 1992:4.28

Propane truck/clubhouse, 1997, 1998:2.19

Structure fires due to civil disturbances, April 29-May 1, 1992, 1993:6.81

Test facility, 1995:4.40

Wildland, Aug., 1992, 1993:6.88

Wildland, Oct. 16, 1999, 2000:6.94

Wildland, Oct., 2003, 2004:6.55

Wildland/urban interface, Nov., 1993, 1994:6.99

Wildland/urban interface, Oct., 2003, 2004:6.55

Fire station fire, 1998, 1999:4.21

Garage, residential, fire, 1992, 1993:6.29

Garage, residential, fire, 2001, 2002:6.21

Health clinic fires, 1995, 1996:1.24

High-rise office building fire, Feb. 15, 1992, 1992:5.56

Highway fire, Nov., 2005, 2006:6.69

Hotel fire, 1990, 1991:6.24

Hotel fire, 1993, 1994:2.28

Hotel fire, 2003, 2004:3.18

Housing for elderly fire, 1995, 1996:5.24

Laboratory fire, May, 2001, 2001:6.64

Laboratory fire, Jan., 2002, 2003:6.79

Library fire, Jan., 1992, 1993:6.79

Manufacturing plant fire, 1990, 1991:6.25

Manufacturing plant fire, Jan. 12, 1990, 1991:6.75

Manufacturing plant fire, 1992, 1993:4.27

Manufacturing plant fire, Jan., 1992, 1993:6.84

Manufacturing plant fire, 1993, 1994:4.31, 1994:6.36

Manufacturing plant fire, 1994, 1995:4.40

Manufacturing plant fire, April, 1994, 1995:6.107

Manufacturing plant fire, March, 1994, 1995:6.106

Manufacturing plant fire, 1995, 1996:6.23

Manufacturing plant fire, 1997, 1998:2.20, 3.41, 4.21, 6.21

Manufacturing plant fire, Aug. 26, 1997, 1998:6.84

Manufacturing plant fire, 1998, 1999:2.26

Manufacturing plant fire, Aug., 1998, 1999:6.91

Manufacturing plant fire, 1999, 2000:3.38

Manufacturing plant fire, March 31, 1999, 2000:6.86

Manufacturing plant fire, 2002, 2003:1.14, 2003:5.18

Manufacturing plant fire, 2003, 2004:2.16

Manufacturing plant fire, Oct., 2003, 2004:6.53

Manufacturing plant fire, July, 2004, 2005:6.46

Manufacturing plant fire, 2006, 2007:6.22

Medical research laboratory fire, 1990, 1991:5.30

Motion picture studio/manufacturing plant fire, Nov. 6, 1990, 1991:6.74

Motor home fire, 1994, 1995:5.36

Motor vehicle fire, Nov. 18, 1999, 2000:6.94

Motor vehicle repair shop fire, 1990, 1991:2.30

Multiple occupancy building fire, 1990, 1991:6.25

Multiple occupancy building fire, 2000, 2001:3.28

National forest fire, June 27, 1990, 1991:2.30

Naval facility incident, 1993, 1994:3.29

NFPA 5000™ and NFPA 1 adopted by state, 2003:5.24, 2003:6.38

Office building fire, 1991, 1992:1.23

Office building fire, March, 1991, 1992:6.78

Office building fire, 1993, 1994:5.30

Office building fire, 1994, 1995:5.35

Office building fire, 1995, 1996:1.21

Office building fire, Feb. 20., 1999, 2000:6.92

Office building fire, 2001, 2002:2.22

Office building fire, 2002, 2003:6.16

Office building fire, 2004, 2005:6.16

Radio station fire, 1994, 1995:4.40

Refinery fire, Oct., 1992, 1993:6.82

Refinery fire, Jan., 1995, 1996:6.63

Refinery fire, Jan. 21, 1997, 1998:4.21

Refinery fire, March 25, 1999, 2000:5.59, 6.83

Refinery fire, Feb. 23, 1999, 2000:6.83

Refinery fire, 2001, 2002:6.75

Refinery fire, Dec., 2006, 2007:6.77

Residential and business structure fire, Aug., 2002, 2003:6.79

Restaurant fire, 1990, 1992:3.34

Restaurant fire, 1992, 1993:4.28, 1993:5.35

Restaurant fire, 1997, 1998:3.36, 4.22

Restaurant fire, April, 2005, 2006:6.74

Sawmill/manufacturing plant fire, March, 1991, 1992:6.79

School fire, 1991, 1992:6.29

School fire, 1992, 1993:4.28

School fire, 1997, 1998:1.21

School fire, 1999, 2000:4.20

School fire, 2002, 2003:5.20

School fire, Nov., 2003, 2004:6.57

School fire, Feb., 2004, 2005:6.49

Shed fire, 1991, 1992:6.26

Shopping mall fire, 1993, 1994:6.35

Shopping mall fire, Nov., 1998, 1999:6.94

Shopping mall fire, 2000, 2001:2.23

Storage facility fire, 1992, 1993:6.29

Storage facility fire, 1999, 2000:4.20

Storage facility fire, 2003, 2004:2.17

Store fire, 1990, 1991:6.26

Store fire, 1992, 1993:2.19, 1993:5.38

Store fire, 1995, 1996:5.26

Store fire, 1996, 1997:1.27

Store fire, 1997, 1998:4.21

Store fire, 1998, 1999:5.22

Store fire, July 2, 1999, 2000:6.91

Store fire, 2001, 2002:4.16

Store fire, July, 2006, 2007:6.79

Theater/lodge fire, 1995, 1996:1.24

Theater fire, 1996, 1997:3.29

Tire and grass fire, 1998, 1999:4.21

Vacant dance studio, in shopping center, fire, 1998, 1999:4.21

Warehouse fire, 1990, 1991:1.61, 1991:6.73

Warehouse fire, 1991, 1992:1.23, 1993:1.28

Warehouse fire, 1992, 1993:4.26

Warehouse fire, 1996, 1997:6.23

Warehouse fire, Sept. 25, 1996, 1997:6.57

Warehouse fire, June, 2000, 2001:6.62

Warehouse fire, 2002, 2003:6.15

Warehouse fire, Nov., 2005, 2006:6.73

Wharf fire, Nov., 1998, 1999:6.96

Wildland fire, Aug. 6, 1990, 1991:6.74

Wildland fire, 1992, 1993:4.28

Wildland fire, Sept., 1992, 1993:6.88, 1993:6.89

Wildland fire, Aug. 13, 1997, 1998:6.92

Wildland fire, Aug. 28, 1999, 2000:6.94

Wildland fire, Dec. 21, 1999, 2000:6.94

Wildland fires

Recent fires move Californians to become "Firewise," 2004:2.70

Staffing for, 2004:2.68

Wildland/urban interface fire, June 27, 1990, 1991:1.59, 1991:6.73, 74, 75

Wildland/urban interface fire, Oct., 1991, 1992:6.74

Wildland/urban interface fire, Aug., 1992, 1993:6.89

Wildland/urban interface fire, Oct., 1993, 1994:6.99

Wildland/urban interface fire, June, 1994, 1995:6.111

Wildland/urban interface fire, Aug., 1994, 1995:6.111

Wildland/urban interface fire, Sept. 27, 1997, 1998:6.92

Wildland/urban interface fire, Feb., 2002, 2003:6.80

Wildland/urban interface fire, Aug., 2002, 2003:6.80

Wildland/urban interface fire, Oct., 2003, 2004:6.55

Wildland/urban interface fire, , Dec., 2006, 2007:6.81

CAMPING TRAILER FIRES. See also RECREATIONAL VEHICLE FIRES

Catastrophic

Alabama, Dec. 6, 1997, 1998:5.56

North Carolina, Nov., 2004, 2005:5.61

Ohio, Nov. 29, 1997, 1998:5.56

Fatal, Michigan, 1998, 1999:1.19

North Carolina, 2006, 2007:5.25

Ohio, 1996, 1997:6.20

Trailer parked in aircraft hangar, California, 1998, 1999:2.25

CANADA

Aircraft crash fire, runway overshoot, Toronto Pearson International Airport, Aug. 2, 2005, 2005:6.34

Apartment building fire, Alberta, 1990, 1991:5.26

Canadian Standards Association and NFPA form alliance to enhance public safety, 2006:2.16

Detention facility fire, St. John, New Brunswick, June 21, 1977, 1994:5.50

Fire-safe cigarettes mandated by Parliament, 2004:3.40

Hazardous materials response, 1992:1.38

Motor vehicle repair shop fire, Ontario, 1989, 1991:1.28

Suncor Energy Inc. oil sands operation addresses fire prevention challenges, 2004:6.36

At Suncor Energy Inc. oil sands operation, teamwork helps fight dangerous cold weather fire, 2005:6.58

Tire fire, Ontario, 1990, 1991:1.50

Tire fire, Quebec, 1990, 1991:1.55

CANDLES

Apartment building fire caused by, 1999:2.24, 2003:3.16, 2003:4.14, 2007:1.19

Catastrophic fires caused by

Apartment fire, 2006:5.60

Dwelling fire, 1993:5.64, 1994:5.97, 1995:5.53, 59, 1997:5.49, 1998:5.49, 2001:5.76, 2002:5.82, 2004:5.68, 2007:5.59

Manufactured home fire, 2000:5.58, 2004:5.69

Manufactured home fire, possible cause, 1998:5.46

Vacant dwelling fire, 1993:5.67

Warehouse fire, 2000:5.59

Dormitory fire caused by, 1991:2.29, 2001:2.20, 2007:2.21

Dwelling fire caused by, 2004:5.16, 19, 2006:6.71

Fatal fires caused by

Apartment fire, 2001:5.24, 2006:1.18, 2.28, 6.21

Condominium fire, 2005:4.18

Dwelling fire, 1995:1.34, 1995:6.37, 1996:6.22, 1997:5.21, 1998:5.17, 1999:4.19, 2000:5.22, 2001:6.21, 2002:1.20, 5.18, 2003:2.22, 6.14, 2005:5.27, 2006:3.36, 2007:3.26, 2007:4.27

Housing for elderly fire, 1999:6.19

Manufactured home fire, 1991:4.26, 2002:1.20, 2004:6.17, 2007:4.26

Home candle fire numbers begin to fall, 2007:1.11

NFPA candle fire survey finds adults practicing candle safety, 2005:6.11

Office building fire caused by, 2004:5.19

Power outages, safe use during, 2000:2.96

Residential fires caused by, increase in number of, 2000:6.112, 2004:1.13, 6.14

Residential fires caused by, statistics and fire safety information, 1998:3.160, 2002:6.35

Safe use is 2005 Fire Prevention Week focus, 2005:5.68

Sorority house fire caused by, 2007:1.16

Vigilance needed when using candles to avoid fires, 2004:2.38

Warming candle ignites cloth drape in food station, 2004:1.14

CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

Electrical fire extinguished by, 1995:5.35

Industrial machine fire extinguished by, 2003:6.15

Lacked sufficient agent for extinguishment, 1995:6.108

Nuclear energy plant fire extinguished by, 1995:6.102

Overpowered by fire, 1994:6.94

Shipboard fire extinguished by, 1992:6.48

Shipboard system discharges accidentally, kills two, 1996:2.83

Total flooding system reset after initial fire, fire reignites, 2003:2.25

CARBON MONOXIDE

Causes, symptoms, and prevention of CO poisoning, 1997:6.120

Detector manufacturing standards changed to improve performance; NFPA 720 provides installation guidelines, 1999:1.68

Detectors and alarms, sample list of available, 1999:1.72

Detectors necessary for household protection, 2001:6.34

Firefighter fatalities caused by, 1991:4.53

Firefighter injuries caused by, 1997:6.75, 2003:1:65

Questions on gas, its effects, and detectors answered, 1998:5.20

CARDIAC EVENTS

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1998:4.57, 60, 2000:4.56, 59, 61, 2001:4.76, 79, 2004:4.55, 2005:4.44, 4.50, 4.57, 2006:4.61, 62, 2007:4.60, 70, 71

Firefighter injuries related to, 2005:6:57, 2006:6.85

CARPETS AND RUGS

Carpet plant fire, Georgia, Jan., 1995, 1996:6.62

Cigar, burning shirt, ignited by; fatal fire cause, 2006:3.38

Cigarettes, ignited by; catastrophic fire cause, 1992:4.68

Cigarettes, ignited by; fatal fire cause, 2005:4.20

Clothing dryer malfunction, ignited by, 2006:5.28

Cord, damaged, ignited by, 1994:5.28

Cords, spliced, ignited by, 1999:6.19

Cutting torch, ignited by, 1994:6.97

Electric heater, ignited by, 2003:6.14, 2004:2.18

Extension cord, ignited by, 1995:6.37, 2003:1.14

Extension cord, ignited by; catastrophic fire cause, 1992:4.67

Fan, tipped over, ignited by, 2006:4.27

Fireplace fire, ignited by, 2004:5.69

Floor furnace, ignited by; catastrophic fire cause, 1991:4.69

Incendiary fire accelerated by carpet involvement, 2001:2.22

Incendiary fire ignited in carpet padding, 2003:3.20

Kerosene heater fuel spill, ignited by, 1998:6.23

Kerosene-soaked carpet possible fire factor, 2001:1.22

Smoking materials, ignited by; catastrophic fire, 1995:5.56

Unintentionally ignited; catastrophic fire cause, 1996:5.93

CARSON, MARGARET D.

Profile of, 1992:2.20

CASTINO, G. THOMAS

Profile of, 1993:3.20

CATASTROPHIC FIRES, U. S (MULTIPLE-DEATH FIRES)

1990, study of, 1991:4.60

1991, study of, 1992:4.62

1992, study of, 1993:5.56

1993, study of, 1994:5.88

1994, study of, 1995:5.48

1995, study of, 1996:5.86

1996, study of, 1997:5.46

1997, study of, 1998:5.42

1998, study of, 1999:5.46

1999, study of, 2000:5.52

2000, study of, 2001:5.71

2001, study of, 2002:5.76

2002, study of, 2003:5.70

2003, study of, 2004:5.64

2004, study of, 2005:5.50

2005, study of, 2006:5.54

2006, study of, 2007:5.52

CEILINGS. See also CONCEALED SPACES

Catastrophic fires

Ignites ceiling coverings, 1992:4.67

Spread over tiles, 1991:4.64

Ceiling tiles ignite, suspended ceiling fails, 1992:6.31

Collapse, 2003:4.17

Hampers fire fighting, 1994:6.89, 1996:3.35, 2003:6.81, 2007:6.80

Prevents rescue, 1993:5.64

Requires defensive attack, 1998:1.21

Spreads fire, heat, smoke, 1992:6.76, 2002:2.25

Traps fire victims, 2004:5.69

Traps firefighters, 2003:6.81

Cutting torch ignites material, 1995:6.108

Drop-out and open grid ceilings used to conceal sprinklers, 2006:6.28

Dropped

Dust builds above, leads to explosion, 2004:5.71, 6.52

Fire spread above, 1996:5.91, 1999:6.95, 2003:2.24, 2004:5.70

Fire started above, 1994:6.95, 2002:2.25, 2005:1.17, 6.49

False, fire spread across, 1999:6.90

Fire spread through, 1991:5.28, 1992:4.25, 70, 5.30, 1994:6.90, 93, 1996:2.23, 3.35, 1999:2.25, 6.90, 2000:6.91, 2001:5.77, 6.62, 63, 2005:1.14, 2007:6.77

Fire spread to insulation in, 1999:6.90

Fire spread to structural members in, 1995:6.100

Fire started in, 1998:1.21, 1999:6.90, 2001:5.75, 6.22, 2005:5.28

Multiple ceilings hide fire, limit access, 1992:3.31

Panels ignited by sparks, 2002:4.16

Plywood-covered, contributes to fire spread, 1996:5.96

Vaulted design factor in fire spread, 1995:6.107

CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA

Fraternity house fire, May 12, 1996, 1996:5.61

CHASES

Fire spread through, 1994:5.96, 1994:6.89, 1997:5.49

Fire started in, 1997:6.58

CHEMICALS

Battery acid leaking onto scrap tires, causes chemical reaction, 2007:5.25

Chlorinated pool chemicals, managing fire risks of, 2000:3.95

Federal haz-mat regulations cover intrastate shipments of agricultural chemicals, 1998:5.25

Oxidizers pose fire risk in warehouse occupancies, 2001:6.70

Oxidizing chemicals classification system studied by Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2007:1.22

Oxidizing pool and spa chemicals present hazard in warehouse stores, 1998:1.50

Oxidizing pool chemical storage and retail sales, sprinkler protection for, 2004:4.22

Oxidizing pool chemical storage in warehouse stores needs special attention, 1998:4.44

U. S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board emergency response presentation at NFPA World Safety Conference and Exposition™, 2006:3.71

U. S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board provides reports on chemical incidents worldwide, 2002:6.17

CHEMICAL FIRES

Calcium metal/water reaction cause fire, 1994:6.95

Chemical processing area fire involves Class 1B liquid, 2000:6.91

Chemical reaction ignites manufacturing plant fire, 2005:6.45

Chlorine/antifreeze react, cause warehouse fire, 1998:5.18

CMDP spontaneous ignition causes fire, 1991:5.30

Crude oil refining process interruption causes chemical reaction, fire, 1999:5.54

Foam rubber production chemicals react, cause fire, 1996:6.23

Hydrocarbon-caustic solution reaction possible cause of explosion/fire, 1991:6.78

Methanol vapors flash when ignited in chemistry experiment, 2005:1.14

Motor oil/pool chemicals react, cause fire, 1996:6.70

Muriatic acid/pool chemicals react, ignite fatal fire, 1998:3.36

Oxidizing pool chemicals, factor in retail store fire, 1997:6.54

Oxygen reacts with tetrachlorethane in purification vessel, 2000:5.60

Peroxide/polyurethane chain reaction, 1991:5.28

Polyol level in pump drops, causes exothermic reaction, 1998:3.41

Potassium superoxide reacts with organic material, 1995:6.38

Sodium hydrosulfite/aluminum powder react, cause explosion, 1996:5.94

Sodium used in lab experiment ignites trash, 1999:3.43

Sodium/water reaction, causes flash fire, 1997:5.23

Triethylaluminum reactor, fire ignites in, 2000:6.83

Waste chemicals in dumpster react, ignite waste products, 1997:5.24

CHEMICAL PLANTS

Senate committee moves to protect chemical facilities from terrorism, 2002:6.30

CHEMICAL PLANT FIRES

California, 1992, 1993:4.27

Catastrophic

Illinois, April, 2004, 2005:5.59

Iowa, Dec. 13, 1994, 1995:5.66

Louisiana, May 1, 1991, 1992:4.70

Minnesota, Nov. 17, 1993, 1994:5.105

Ohio, May 27, 1994, 1995:5.66

South Carolina, June 17, 1991, 1992:4.70

Texas, July 5, 1990, 1991:4.67

Fatal, Ohio, 1990, 1991:3.31

Georgia, May, 2004, 2005:6.45

Louisiana, May, 1991, 1992:6.75

Louisiana, April 15, 1997, 1998:6.84

Louisiana, July, 1992, 1993:6.83

Maryland, Oct., 1998, 1999:6.91

Minnesota, Nov. 17, 1993, 1994:5.105

Minnesota, Feb. 6, 1997, 1998:6.85

Nevada, 2001, 2002:6.75

North Carolina, 1995, 1996:3.39

Pennsylvania, Feb. 19, 1999, 2000:5.59

South Carolina, June, 1991, 1992:6.80

Texas, March, 1991, 1992:6.75

Texas, Jan., 1992, 1993:6.83

Texas, July, 1995, 1996:6.64

Texas, Aug., 1995, 1996:6.64

Texas, Dec. 2, 1999, 2000:6.83

Texas, 2000, 2001:6.23

Texas, March, 2000, 2001:6.61

Utah, Feb. 1, 1997, 1998:6.86

CHEMICAL TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY CENTER. See CHEMTREC

CHEMICAL WAREHOUSE FIRES

Arkansas, May 8, 1997, 1998:5.53

North Carolina, 1992, 1993:2.21

Texas, June/July, 1995, 1996:6.66

CHEMTREC

Vital link for chemical emergencies, 1993:3.86

CHESTER COUNTY, PA.

Emergency response system upgrade, 1994:2.62

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Burlington Building fire, 1922, led to NFPA 232, Protection of Records, 2002:2.96

High-rise building ordinance adopted to increase safety, control costs, 2005:1.34

Lasalle Hotel fire, 1946, 2006:5.96

Northwestern Memorial Hospital construction/renovation requires flexibility, 2000:2.48

Our Lady of the Angels School fire, Chicago, IL, 1958, 1996:1.72

Our Lady of the Angels School fire, Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 1, 1958, Looking Back column, 2003:5.104

Space program technology applied to tank truck fires by NASA, NFPA, Chicago Fire Dept. partnership, 1998:2.52

CHIEF'S BRIEFING COLUMNS

Arson's terrible toll, 1995:2.112

Burdens of command responsibilities, 1995:4.23

Developing professional programs for leadership training, 1993:4.14

Fire department and elderly agencies focus on seniors' fire safety, 1994:3.13

International Association of Fire Chiefs includes retirees, 1994:6.19

Juvenile firesetters need social services, 1995:3.23

Labor relations eased by seeing both sides, 1994:2.13

Leadership requires political savvy, 1995:6.21

Listening and responding to fire service members, 1994:1.13

Mission statement core of operating plan, 1994:4.15

Networking with external groups, 1994:5.17

New Orleans fire chief Bill McCrossen retires, 1993:5.18

Officer training is key to fire service's success, 1993:3.26

Public fire safety education is long-term answer to fire loss, 1993:6.14

Truck company duties need emphasis in training, planning, 1995:5.19

Urban Fire Forum discusses global trends, 1995:1.104

Urban problems confront fire service, 1993:2.14

CHILDREN. See also FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION; JUVENILE FIRESETTING

Playing with candle, ignite fatal fire, 2000:5.22

Playing with candle, smoking materials, ignite fatal fire, 2006:6.18

Playing with charcoal lighter, ignites fatal fire, 1998:4.19

Playing with chemicals, ignite fatal fire, 1998:3.36

Playing with fire, ignite fatal fire, 1995:1.32, 1996:2.23, 1998:1.23, 2000:5.22

Playing with fire, ignites catastrophic fire, 2002:5.82

Playing with fire, ignites fatal fire, 2003:3.16

Playing with grill lighter, ignite fatal fire, 1999:3.46, 2000:6.96

Playing with open-flame device, ignite catastrophic fire, 1994:5.100, 1996:5.92

Playing with smoking materials, ignites catastrophic fire, 2001:5.75

Safe Place programs include fire stations, 1994:6.128

Smoke-alarm waking effectiveness among children research by U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2003:4.44

Stove burner turned on by child, ignites plastic trays, 2000:5.57

Stove burner turned on by unsupervised child, ignites catastrophic fire, 2000:5.57

Victims and cause of fires, statistics, 1995:5.144

CHILDREN AND CIGARETTE LIGHTERS

Catastrophic fire cause, 1991:4.65, 66, 1992:4.70, 1993:5.64, 1994:5.97, 1995:5.54, 1997:5.50, 1999:5.53, 2001:5.78, 2004:5.69

Fatal fire cause, 1991:6.24, 1992:1.22, 1993:4.25, 5.35, 6.28, 1995:3.38, 4.38, 5.34, 6.36, 1996:1.23, 1997:5.21, 6.19, 1998:3.38, 5.16, 2000:2.22, 2001:1.21, 2.22, 5.25, 2002:2.22, 3.32, 4.19, 2003:3.14, 2004:4.16, 2007:3.34, 2007:5.26, 2007:6.21

Fire cause, 1991:5.26, 1993:3.33, 1994:1.30, 2.28, 1995:4.37, 1996:5.24, 1997:6.21, 2000:6.17, 2005:2.18, 3.26

CHILDREN AND FIREWORKS

Dwelling fire cause, 1992:4.26

Manufacturing plant fire cause, 1995:3.40

CHILDREN AND MATCHES

Catastrophic fire cause, 1991:4.64, 66, 1995:5.59, 1996:5.92, 2001:5.77, 2004:5.68

Fatal fire, possible cause, 1991:2.32, 2003:5.16

Fatal fire cause, 1992:5.25, 1993:1.27, 1995:3.37, 1997:2.22, 5.21, 1998:2.18, 3.38, 5.16, 6.23, 2001:5.25

Fire cause, 1991:6.24, 1998:6.90, 2005:2.18, 4.16, 2006:1.20

CHILDREN, UNATTENDED

Catastrophic fire victims, 1991:4.65, 66, 1992:4.70, 1994:5.96, 1995:5.54, 1998:5.45

Fatal fire started by, 1999:2.24, 2000:2.22

Fatal fire victims, 1992:1.22, 1993:2.21, 1993:3.57, 1993:5.36, 1995:1.34, 1995:4.38, 1996:3.39, 1998:1.23, 1999:1.17, 1999:2.24, 2006:2.28

Fire risks faced by, 1993:3.54

School fire ignited by, 2006:1.20

Wildland fire ignited by, 1993:6.89

CHIMNEYS

Creosote in chimney flue ignites, heat ignites bird's nest in attic, 2004:1.14

Ember from chimney probable wildland fire cause, 2003:6.80

Fire spread through, 1997:5.49, 6.57

Firefighter fatalities related to collapse of, 1994:4.66

Firefighter injuries related to collapse of, 2000:6.48

Lightning strike starts fire in concealed chimney space, 2003:3.16

Overheated, improperly maintained, fire ignites framing, 1996:6.22

CHINA

Fire Protection Research Foundation conducts fire detection seminar in Beijing, 2007:3.20

Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai, incorporates NFPA codes and standards, 2002:3.66

Manufacturing plant fire, Nov. 19, 1993, 1994:1.48

NFPA codes to be translated into Chinese to aid 2008 Olympic Games preparation, 2005:1.11

Performance-based design techniques applied in China, 2005:4.60

CHRISTMAS TREE FIRES

Arizona, 1993, 1994:6.34

Artificial tree components ignite club fire, 2003:4.16

California, 1990, 1991:6.24

Catastrophic

Arkansas, Dec., 2002, 2003:5.75

Artificial tree, Michigan, Dec. 3, 1992, 1993:5.64

Michigan, Dec. 22, 1990, 1991:4.64

Ohio, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.68

Fatal

Artificial tree, Ohio, 1992, 1993:6.28

California, 2002, 2003:6.14

Iowa, 1991, 1992:1.22

Michigan, 1993, 1994:6.33

Oklahoma, 2002, 2003:1.16

Tennessee, 2005, 2006:6.20

Virginia, 2003, 2004:6.16

Illinois, 1994, 1995:6.36

Massachusetts, Dec. 24, 1994, 1995:5.54

Michigan, 1991, 1992:6.28

Michigan, 1992, 1993:6.28

Precautions to protect trees from fire, 1999:6.80

Utah, Dec., 1993, 1994:6.90

CHURCHES

Church structure fires, statistical summary of, 2002:1.16

NFPA 909, Protection of Cultural Resources Including Museums, Libraries, Places of Worship, and Historic Properties, provides fire protection guidance for historical, cultural properties, 2000:6.28

CHURCH FIRES

California, 2005, 2006:1.22

Connecticut, Oct., 1992, 1993:6.79

Florida, 2001, 2002:3.34

Georgia, 2001, 2002:1.19

Illinois, 1989, 1991:1.30

Illinois, 1998, 1999:5.21

Illinois (Barrington), Oct. 28, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:3.102

Indiana, 1993, 1994:4.31

Indiana, Sept., 1993, 1994:6.89

Iowa, 1998, 1999:3.43

Kansas, 1998, 1999:6.17

Massachusetts, 1992, 1993:2.21

Massachusetts, June, 2005, 2006:6.73

Missouri, 1997, 1998:2.19

New Hampshire, 2003, 2004:6.19

Ohio, 1994, 1995:3.39

Ohio, 1999, 2000:3.38

Pennsylvania, Feb., 1995, 1996:6.73

Pennsylvania, 1996, 1997:5.23

Pennsylvania, Sept.. 11, 1997, 1998:6.92

Pennsylvania, 2005, 2006:3.30

Tennessee, 1992, 1993:6.30

Tennessee, Oct., 2006, 2007:6.83

Texas, 1992, 1993:6.30

Texas, 1996, 1997:1.27

Texas (Lake Worth), Feb. 15, 1999, 2000:4.55, 2000:5.60

Texas (Lake Worth), Feb. 15, 1999, fire investigation report, 1999:4.76

Texas, 2003, 2004:3.22

Virginia, July, 1994, 1995:6.98

Wisconsin, rectory, 2004, 2005:6.19

CIGARETTE LIGHTERS. See also CHILDREN AND CIGARETTE LIGHTERS

Catastrophic fire ignition source, 1991:4.68, 69, 2006:5.62

Elderly man ignites box with lighter, 2002:2.24

Employee playing with lighter, fire cause, 2000:5.24

Fire ignition source, 1993:6.87, 1994:5.104

Incendiary fire ignition source, 1994:5.105, 1994:6.34, 1995:2.31, 1995:4.37, 1998:4.20, 1999:1.18, 2004:5.70, 6.20, 2007:6.78, 79

Lighter fluid used to ignite fireplace fire, 1996:1.23

Storage tank fire ignited by youth with cigarette lighter, 2001:1.23, 2004:5.71

Vapors from gasoline container in car ignited by, 2005:2.28

Zippo cigarette lighter "tricks" Web site shut down by NFPA, others, 2003:6.18

CIGARETTES. See also SMOKING MATERIALS

Careless disposal of

Apartment building fire cause, 1993:3.35, 1996:1.22, 1996:5.24, 1997:3.30, 2000:3.36, 2000:5.23, 2002:6.18, 2006:4.26, 2007:2.20, 2007:3.24, 2007:3.28, 2007:6.80

Assisted living facility fire cause, 2003:6.12

Board and care facility fire cause, 1994:2.30, 1994:6.33

Bridge fire cause, 1997:3.34

Building-under-construction fire cause, 2002:5.18

Catastrophic dwelling fire cause, 1992:4.68, 69, 1994:5.102, 1995:5.60, 1997:5.49, 2000:5.56

Catastrophic manufactured home fire cause, 2007:5.58

Catastrophic rooming house fire cause, 1992:4.67

Dormitory fire cause, 2001:2.20

Dumpster fire cause, possible, 1996:5.26

Dwelling fire cause, 1994:1.31, 1996:5.25, 1999:2.23, 2001:1.20, 2002:4.20, 2004:6.17, 2005:2.20

Hospital fire cause, 1998:1.24

Limited care facility fire cause, 2003:4.17

Manufactured home fire cause, 1999:6.18

Manufacturing plant fire cause, 1995:6.107

Nursing home fire cause, 1991:4.25, 2004:2.17

Office building fire cause, 1996:2.24

School fire cause, 2004:5.20

Store fire cause, 1992:1.21, 1994:6.35, 2004:2.16, 6.56

Warehouse fire cause, 1996:6.66

Wildland fire cause, 1993:6.89

Careless use of

Apartment building fire cause, 1991:2.29, 3.26, 1992:3.34, 1994:1.32, 1997:2.22, 1999:3.48, 2001:3.32, 2002:1.21, 6.21, 2007:2.20

Board and care facility fire cause, 1997:1.27, 2004:1.16

Catastrophic apartment building fire cause, 1998:5.49

Catastrophic dwelling fire cause, 1991:4.65, 1991:4.66, 1993:5.64

Catastrophic manufactured home fire, possible cause, 1998:5.46

Dwelling fire cause, 1994:1.31, 1997:1.25, 1998:1.23, 5.16, 1999:1.18, 4.19, 6.18, 2001:3.30, 3.36, 2005:3.24, 4.20, 2007:1.20, 2007:3.28, 2007:4.25

Elderly housing fire cause, 1996:5.24

Fireworks plant fire cause, 1993:3.35

Group home fire cause, 1992:1.26, 1995:6.35

Limited-care facility fire cause, 1998:4.21

Manufactured home fire cause, 2003:1.16, 2007:6.19

Nursing home fire cause, 1992:2.26, 1996:4.24, 1998:1.24, 2006:3.32

Rooming house fire cause, 1997:6.19

Shed fire, possible cause, 1993:2.20

Shopping mall fire cause, 1999:4.22

Coalition for Fire-Safe Cigarettes website provides information, on-line petition, 2006:4.38

Fire-safe cigarette coalition coordinated by NFPA, 2006:2.15

Fire-safe cigarette legislation introduced by Congressman Joe Moakley, ongoing struggle to pass, 2002:6.42

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed in Alaska, 2007:5.18

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed in California, 2005:6.10

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed in Massachusetts, 2006:5.19

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed in New Hampshire, 2006:4.18

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed in Oregon, 2007:3.17

Fire-safe cigarette legislation supported in Kentucky, 2007:2.15

Fire-safe cigarette legislation supported in Massachusetts, 2005:4.12

Fire-safe cigarette legislation takes effect in California, 2007:1.12

Fire-safe cigarettes mandated by Canadian Parliament, 2004:3.40

Fire-safe cigarettes promoted by NFPA, 2006:3.62

Incendiary fire started by, 1997:6.54

NFPA finds stunning increase in cigarette-caused fires, 2004:5.10

Patient, receiving oxygen, ignites flash fire with cigarette, 1999:6.20

Statistics on cigarette use, fires, 1995:3.160

CINCINNATI, OHIO

Crown Coliseum arena updates fire protection system, 1998:3.120

Riverfront Stadium concert disaster, Dec. 3, 1979, 2002:1.80

CIVIL DISTURBANCES

Rioters burn shopping mall, impede fire fighters, Nevada, 1992, 1993:2.19

Rioters damage/destroy 862 structures by incendiary fires, California, April 29-May 1, 1992, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.81

CLEAN AGENTS

Clean agent alternatives to halons protect essential business equipment, 2002:2.68

NFPA 2001, Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, 2007 edition, proposed changes, 2007:4.42

NFPA 2001, Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, revised rules for safe human exposure, 2004:5.60

CLOTHING FIRES

Baskets of clothing near gas water heater ignite, 1999:5.51

Catastrophic

Clothes on battery charger, 2002:5.82

Clothing in dryer ignited, 1999:5.53

Discarded clothing ignited by faulty extension cord, 2000:5.58

Flash fire ignites clothes, 1991:4.67

Gasoline-fueled kerosene heater ignites clothing, 1999:5.56

Hot plate ignites clothing, 1999:5.50

Laundry and holding bins ignited, 1997:5.54

Stored clothing, 1996:5.92, 1997:5.50

Clothing on floor ignited by paper towel, 2001:6.21

Electric space heater ignites nearby clothing, 2007:1.18

Electrical heat source ignited stored clothing, 2000:6.91

Extension cords ignite clothing placed on cord, 1997:5.51

Fatal

Candle ignites clothing in room, 1999:4.19

Child with grill lighter ignites clothes on bed, 1999:3.46

Cigar ignites clothing, 2006:3.38

Cigarette ignites clothing, 1997:1.25, 1.27, 1998:6.23, 2002:1.21, 2005:3.24

Drying clothes near baseboard heater ignite, 1999:2.23

Drying clothes near gas furnace ignite, 1998:3.38

Electric panel arc ignites workers' clothing, 2005:6.22

Electric space heater ignites clothing, 2006:5.34

Fire spreads to clothing, 1999:1.18

Gasoline vapor flashback ignites clothing, 2007:2.18

Kerosene heater fire spreads to clothes, 1999:1.17

Lamp ignites clothing, 1991:4.25

Stored clothing, 1997:2.22

Stove burner ignites clothing, 1999:3.48, 1999:6.17

Stove ignites clothing, 1998:2.16, 5.16

Wood stove explosion ignites clothing, 1997:6.20

Worker spills molten metal, 1991:1.31

Fuel in aircraft crash fire, ignited by, 1996:5.99

Gas-fired furnace, ignited by, 1995:5.54

Hallowe'en costume on student ignited by another student, 2004:5.20

Lamp, ignited by, 1994:6.33, 2003:5.16

Laundry basket of clothes ignited by kerosene heater, 1997:5.49

Match, dropped, ignited by, 1996:5.24

Patient ignites hospital gown, 2004:4.18

Smoking materials, ignited by, 1995:5.64, 1996:5.97

Space heater, ignited by, 1995:5.53

Stored clothing

Catastrophic fire, factor in, 1996:5.92, 1997:5.50

Fatal fire, factor in, 1997:2.22

Fire, factor in, 1997:6.22, 2006:6.24

Stove burner, ignited by, 1996:3.39

Student's clothing ignited in laboratory fire, 2001:1.20

CLUB FIRES

After Station Nightclub fire, sweeping changes made to assembly occupancy codes, 2004:1.52

Beverly Hills Supper Club, Southgate, Kentucky, May 28, 1977, 1996:2.63

Buenos Aires, Argentina, Republica Cromagnon disco, 2005:2.52

California, 1997, 1998:2.19

Catastrophic

Georgia, Dec. 12, 1990; vacant building, 1991:4.68

Massachusetts, June, 2006, 2007:5.61

New York, March 25, 1990, 1991:4.67

Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, 2004:5.70

Cocoanut Grove nightclub, five eyewitnesses remember, 1991:3.74

Cocoanut Grove nightclub, investigation into cause and origin, 2000:3.84

Cocoanut Grove nightclub, report on, 2007:3.90, 6.46

Code changes, research, and legislation related to club fires, 2007:3.90

Florida, 1993, 1994:5.30

Florida, Jan., 2005, 2006:6.73

Gothenburg, Sweden, Oct. 28, 1998, fire investigation, 2000:3.117

Illinois, 1994; country club, 1995:3.39

Illinois, Oct. 18, 1996, 1997:6.59

Indiana, 1992; athletic club, 1992:6.31

Major club fires covered by Quarterly and NFPA Journal, 2007:2.96

Maryland, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.89

Massachusetts, 2003, 2004:6.18

Michigan, 1990, 1991:6.23

New Jersey, 2003, 2004:4.19

Ohio, 2005, 2006:1.22

Oklahoma, Jan., 1994, 1995:6.98

Pennsylvania, 2002; country club, 2003:4.16

Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, 2004:5.70

Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, The Station nightclub, NIST investigation summary, 2005:3.44

Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, The Station nightclub, report on, 2007:3.90

Texas, 1991; nightclub, 1992:6.25

Texas Fire Marshal's fire safety campaign urges students to "have an exit strategy" when clubbing, 2007:3.98

Washington, May 11, 1990, 1991:6.77

Wisconsin, 1993, 1994:3.29

COAL MINE FIRES. See also MINE FIRES

Catastrophic

Alabama, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Kentucky, July 31, 1990, 1991:4.69

Kentucky, May, 2006, 2007:5.60

Virginia, Dec. 7, 1992, 1993:5.66

West Virginia, March 19, 1992, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.82

West Virginia, Jan., 2006, 2007:5.60

Illinois, Sept. 1991, 1992:6.77

COAN, STEPHEN D.

Profile of, 1999:4.42

COCKLOFTS. See CONCEALED SPACES

COCOANUT GROVE FIRE

Five eyewitnesses remember, 1991:3.74

Investigation into cause and origin, 2000:3.84

Report on, 2007:3.90, 6.46

CODES AND STANDARDS. See also CODES ON THE FIRELINE COLUMNS; IN COMPLIANCE COLUMNS; NFPA CODES AND STANDARDS

ANSI and NFPA support United States Standards Strategy (USSS), 2007:1.50

ANSI Audited Designator status requires rigorous audit of standards development process, 1999:2.70

ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators task groups addressed fire-related elevator safety issues, 2006:2:42

Basis-for-design reports help authority having jurisdiction, building owner, 1995:4.24

Colocation computer facilities (remote data centers) outpace fire protection standards, 2001:4.51

Coordination of model codes, discussion of, 1991:2.72

Development process and future trends, 1991:4.36

Elevator recall and shut down requirements increase safety, 1997:5.64

Evaluating equivalencies and exceptions to standards, 1995:1.16

Federal law requires agencies to use voluntary consensus standards, 1996:6.40

Fire models to evaluate alternative designs, 1995:2.68

Fuel cells, development of codes and standards for, 2001:1.58

High technology detectors require new standards, 1995:5.42

International Building Code 2003 and NFPA 101^®, Life Safety Code, egress capacity factors differ, 2007:1.28

International Code Council and NFPA settle copyright infringement lawsuits, 2006:5.19

International electrical standards, developing, 1994:1.34

International standards, developing consensus for, 1994:1.36

Making performance-based codes work, 1997:1.73

Model building codes, overview of history and content of, 1992:3.42

NFPA and ICC collaborate to develop one national model fire code, 1997:4.36

NFPA and International Code Council work on national fire code, 1996:5.46

NFPA and offshore oil industry work to resolve dueling federal fire standards, 2001:5.46

Nursing home fire verifies authority having jurisdiction/engineers sprinkler design, 1995:2.85

Occupant load calculations crucial to accurate model building code application, 2001:4.32

Passive fire protection systems, 1997:2.30

Performance-based codes

Assembly occupancies performance-based design aids risk management, 2000:3.50

Benefits of, 1997:1.72

China's new construction applies performance-based techniques, 2005:4.60

Compliance requires review of computerized design methodologies, 2002:3.86

Designing buildings for, 1995:5.20

Development of, 1994:6.16, 1995:2.16, 1996:1.46, 1996:3.43

Existing buildings, performance objectives for, 1995:6.22

Existing codes, based on, 1995:3.24

Fire safety, performance-based design applied to, 2000:1.76

"Green" corporate headquarters protection uses performance-based design, 2005:2.40

Historic building preservation, fire protection aided by, 1999:5.28

Japan Airlines' performance-based approach to Kennedy Airport air cargo facility, 2002:5.62

Life Safety Code, performance-based design chapter proposed for, 1999:1.24, 1999:4.82

Need for structural fire resistance affected by performance-based design, 2000:5.34

NFPA 5000, Building Code™, performance-based design option in, 2002:2.28

North America, use in, 1994:3.70

Sprinkler reliability in high-rise buildings, application to, 1999:4.24

U. S. Department of Energy, adopted by, 1997:3.94

Regulations affect use of new construction methods, 1996:2.32

Residential sprinklers requirement, Scottsdale, Arizona, analysis, 1997:4.40

Stratosphere Tower (Las Vegas) designed using performance and prescriptive codes, 1997:3.72

Total building commissioning ensures all building systems perform correctly, 2000:1.60

U. S. Appeals Court decision on copyright law leaves future of code writing unclear, 2003:1.34

U. S. cable/wire manufacturers promote NEC over IEC as European standard, 1998:4.64

U. S. response to European economic unification and global standards, ANSI's role in, 1991:6.54

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) revised standards for wet- and dry-type sprinklers, 2004:2.54

World Trade Organization criteria for standards-developing organizations, 2002:1.65

CODES ON THE FIRELINE COLUMNS

Consensus requirement can slow adoption of innovations, 1996:2.29

Evaluating department's initial attack capability, 1996:5.29

Fire service role in code-making, 1996:1.27

Marketing residential sprinklers, 1996:4.27

New Zealand fire service operation and code development provide insights, 1996:3.43

Regional fire code development committees provide input to NFPA, 1996:6.27

COLLEGE BUILDINGS

Campus fire safety increased by increasing smoke detector reliability, 2006:5.42

Campus Fire Safety Right-to-Know Act has good prospects for passage, 2003:6.28

Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center, University of Maryland, uses tested fire protection system, 2000:5.49

Code enforcement keeps life loss low in educational occupancy fires, 2003:5.32

Electronically monitored extinguishers control extinguisher vandalism, 2005:1.56

Fire alarm systems requirements, 2003:5.36

NFPA Campus Fire Safety Forum program promotes college fire safety, 2002:6.52

NFPA programs promote college dormitory fire safety, 2002:1.38

Sprinkler systems in dormitories save lives, not just property, 2005:4.26

Students need fire safety education, 1997:5.34

Texas Fire Marshal's fire safety campaign urges students to "have an exit strategy," 2007:3.98

University of Utah fire prevention program, 2005:1.52

Virginia, 2001, 2002:6.75

COLLEGE BUILDING FIRES. See also DORMITORY FIRES

Bell tower, West Virginia, 1993, 1994:4.30

Cafeteria, Minnesota, Jan., 2002, 2003:6.81

Classroom building, Indiana, 1994, 1995:5.35

Classroom building, Kentucky, 1994, 1995:5.35

Fraternity house, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, May 12, 1996, 1996:5.61, 1997:5.50

Fraternity house, Kentucky, 2005, 2006:5.30

Fraternity house, Maine, 2002, 2003:5.16

Fraternity house, Mississippi, 2004, 2005:5.32

Fraternity house, Nebraska, 2006, 2007:6.17

Fraternity house, Ohio, 1996, 1997:6.21

Fraternity house, Ohio, 2002, 2003:6.14

Fraternity house, Pennsylvania, 1992, 1993:1.27

Fraternity house, Rhode Island, 1994, 1995:3.37

Laboratory, Delaware, 2004, 2005:4.22

Laboratory, Texas, 1996, 1997:5.23

Mixed-use building, Kansas, June, 1991, 1992:6.78

Multiple fatality fires at fraternity houses, 2000:3.176

Office building, Georgia, 2000, 2001:3.26

Office building/student center, Tennessee, May 23, 1999, 2000:6.92

Office/classroom building, Georgia, Aug., 1995, 1996:6.73

Sorority house, New Hampshire, 2006, 2007:1.16

COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND

Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center, University of Maryland, uses tested fire protection system, 2000:5.49

COLORADO

Apartment building fire, 1997, 1998:4.20

Apartment building fire, July 18, 1997, 1998:6.90

Apartment building fire, 2000, 2001:5.26

Assisted living facility fire, 2001, 2002:2.24

Building-under-construction fire, 2004, 2005:3.28, 6.19

Building-under-construction fire, Jan., 2006, 2007:6.81

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

Board and care facility, March 4, 1991, 1992:4.70

Hotel, Jan. 27, 1997, 1998:5.49

Vehicle, June, 2002, 2003:5.75

Wildland, July 3, 1994, 1995:2.51, 1995:5.67, 2007:4.56

Dwelling fire, 1999, 2000:5.20

Dwelling fire, April 23, 1999, 2000:6.93

Fatal fires

Aircraft, Nov., 2004, 2005:6.48

Apartment building, 2005, 2006:4.26

Automobile repair shop, 1996, 1997:1.26

Dwelling, 2002, 2003:1.16

Manufactured home, 1997, 1998:1.23

Office building, Sept. 28, 1992, 1993:2.33

Fuel tank storage facility fire, Nov. 25, 1990, 1991:6.73

Hotel fire, Nov., 2000, 2001:6.64

Manufacturing plant fire, 2006, 2007:6.22

Resort fire, 1992, 1993:1.25

Restaurant fire, May 10, 1999, 2000:6.96

Restaurant fire, 2000, 2001:5.22

Restaurant fire, 2002, 2003:1.12

Store fire, 1999, 2000:4.16

Store fire, 2005, 2006:1.20

Warehouse fire, Nov., 1992, 1993:6.87

Warehouse fire, July 23, 1997, 1998:6.87

Warehouse fire, Nov., 1998, 1999:6.92

Warehouse fire, Dec., 2002, 2003:6.78

COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO.

Computer mapping used by fire service, 1995:1.84

COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS

Effectiveness of current product labeling systems, 1994:1.71

COMMERCIAL OCCUPANCIES. See also specific occupancies

Site testing smoke detectors, 1998:3.110

COMMUNICATIONS. See FIRE SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS

COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY

Fire protection for, 1992:2.32

COMMUNITY CENTER FIRES

Pennsylvania, 1996, 1997:5.23

COMPARTMENTATION

Calculating flow rates based on compartmentation, 2002:2.32

Ineffective, fire spread overhead, 1999:6.95

Lack of

Building-under-construction fire, factor in, 2005:4.19

Kennel fire, factor in, 1993:2.20

Library fire, factor in, 1993:6.79

Sawmill fire, factor in, 1992:6.79

Warehouse fire, 1992:6.78

Limited spread of dormitory fire, 2001:3.30

NFPA 5000, NFPA Building Code™, has new approach to fire compartments, 2001:3.46

Through-penetration protection systems, 1994:1.54

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS

Motor vehicle filling station service becomes more common, 2002:6.46

Motor vehicles fueled by, handling incidents involving, 1994:4.84

NFPA 30A, Automotive and Marine Service Station, expanded to cover alternative fuels, 2000:4.83

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS FIRES

CNG vehicle fueling station fire, Wisconsin, 1999, 2000:2.23

Cylinder ruptures, causing explosion and fire, 1994:4.30

High-pressure tanks being vented, fuel ignited by static discharge, 1994:4.29

COMPTON, DENNIS

Profile of, 2000:5.45

COMPUTER MODELS. See also FIRE MODELS

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 edition, allows computerized water delivery predictions in dry-pipe systems, 2002:4.24

Performance-based design code compliance requires review of computerized design methodologies, 2002:3.86

COMPUTER SOFTWARE. See also FIRE MODELS

Fire alarm software requires careful management, 1995:1.54

Fire protection community, software useful to, 1997:1.50

Fire service software, 1991:3.90

Responders linked to hazardous materials databases by software, 1997:3.66

COMPUTER-AIDED DISPATCH

Los Angeles implements new CAD system, 1994:2.66

COMPUTERS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT

Clean agent alternatives to halons protect essential equipment, 2002:2.68

Colocation computer facilities (remote data centers) outpace fire protection standards, 2001:4.51

Computer and peripheral fires, 1999-2003, NFPA report, 2006:6.14

Dwelling fire, Michigan, 2004, 2005:2.18

Electronic equipment room fires, loss data, 1997:3.100

Fire in uninterrupted power supply spreads to cables, 1995:2.30

Fire protection for, 1992:2.32

Fire protection information available on Internet, 1996:6.44

Fire service use of, 1992:2.32, 1995:1.76

Fire statistics for electronic equipment areas, 2004:2.13

Fuel high-rise office building fire, 1992:5.56

Hospital fire, Connecticut, 2005, 2006:1.20

Internet's fire protection applications, 1995:6.41

NFPA 75, Protection of Information Technology Equipment, provides guidance for fire protection and business continuity, 2006:4.64

School fire, Massachusetts, 2004, 2005:4.16

Warehouse fire, Minnesota, Nov., 2004, 2005:6.47

CONCEALED SPACES

Above door, fire started in, 1998:5.15

Attic

Fire spread into/through, 1995:5.64, 3.35, 5.25, 6.64, 65, 1997:2.22, 1998:6.22, 1999:5.52, 53, 6.97, 2002:4.16, 20, 2003:4.16, 17

Fire started in, 1996:1.24, 1997:2.23

Attic/roof

Fire spread into, 1995:4.37, 40, 1995:6.98, 2007:5.31

Fire started in, 1994:4.29

Balloon frame construction voids, fire spread through, 1999:5.21, 52, 2007:1.15

Ceiling

Catastrophic hotel fire started in, 1991:4.64

Fire spread into, 1992:6.78, 1995:5.64, 6.99, 104, 1996:2.23, 3.35, 5.91, 1997:6.22, 53, 1998:1.21, 6.85, 6.90, 1999:6.91, 2004:6.16, 2006:6.74, 2007:4.26, 2007:5.57

Fire started in, 1994:6.93, 2004:2.18, 2005:1.17, 5.28, 2006:6.74

Flashover, factor in, 1992:6.31

Ceiling/floor

Fire spread into, 1995:4.37, 1999:5.53

Fire started in, 1995:5.56, 1997:5.23, 6.58, 1998:6.92

Ceiling/roof

Fire spread into, 1993:5.35, 36, 1993:6.30, 79, 1994:5.97, 1994:6.89, 1995:5.59, 1995:6.107, 2007:3.23, 24

Fire spread through, 1998:1.21, 2.19, 5.16

Fire started in, 1995:6.106, 1998:6.84

Ceiling/wall, fire spread into, 2000:4.16, 2002:3.32, 2003:3.16

Chimney, fire started in, 2003:3.16

Cockloft

Catastrophic fire spread through, 1991:4.65

Fire spread into, 1995:4.39

Fire spread through, 1994:5.98, 1998:1.21

Fire started in, 1994:6.90

Fire spread through, 1991:4.67, 1991:6.77, 1992:3.31, 1992:6.78, 1992:6.79, 1993:5.64, 1993:6.81, 1994:5.95, 1994:6.36, 1994:6.89, 1995:6.108, 1998:5.45, 49, 6.24, 89, 1999:1.17, 1999:2.24, 1999:3.48, 1999:5.19, 21, 2001:1.21, 2001:5.26, 2001:6.62, 2002:1.19, 2002:2.25, 2002:5.22, 2002:6.20, 21, 2004:6.55, 2005:1.14, 18, 3.24, 4.18, 2006:2.30, 3.30, 6.24

Fire started in, 1998:2.19, 2001:3.26, 2001:4.20, 2001:6.64

Floor

Fire spread through, 1993:3.36, 1993:6.79, 1994:6.93

Fire started in, 1995:5.54, 2007:5.59

Pier, fire traveled underneath, 2007:6.78

Roof

Fire spread through, 1994:6.94, 95, 1995:6.107, 1996:2.23, 1998:4.19, 22, 6.22, 90, 2003:3.18

Fire started in, 1996:1.24, 1999:6.90

Utility voids, fire spread into, 1999:6.17

Walls

Fire spread through, 1993:4.33, 1994:5.96, 1996:2.24, 1997:6.19, 2002:4.20, 2004:3.22, 4.19, 6.19, 56, 2006:6.73

Fire started in, 1991:4.67, 1997:5.49, 2004:6.16

CONDOMINIUM FIRES

California, 1990, 1991:6.24

Delaware, Feb. 17, 1996, 1997:6.57

Florida, 1998, 1999:4.21

Illinois, 1990, 1991:6.23

Illinois, Nov. 17, 1996, 1997:6.58

New Jersey, Sept., 2005, 2006:6.72

North Carolina, Sept., 1993, 1994:6.90

Texas, Dec. 14, 1996, 1997:6.58

Virginia, 2005:4.18

Wisconsin, Feb., 2005, 2006:6.68

CONFERENCE CENTER FIRES

New Jersey, 1993, 1994:2.30

CONFINED SPACES

NFPA maritime codes, standards, and training aid marine industry life safety, 2004:4.38

OSHA regulation aims to reduce incidents in, 1994:5.80

Stockroom fire, 1994:6.91

CONGRESSIONAL FIRE SERVICES INSTITUTE

Fire services/safety publicized by, 1998:1.31

CONNECTICUT

Apartment building fire, 1996, 1997:2.21

Apartment building fire, 2002, 2003:3.16

Apartment building fire, 2005, 2006:2.26

Bridge fire, 1996, 1997:3.34

Building-under-construction fire, Aug., 2005, 2006:6.69

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, April 27, 1994, 1995:5.67

Board and care facility, Feb. 10, 1996, 1997:5.53

Dwelling, Feb. 16, 1991, 1992:4.67

Nursing home, Feb., 2003, 2004:5.70

Church fire, Oct., 1992, 1993:6.79

Detention facility fire, July 7, 1977, 1994:5.51

Dormitory fire, 2004, 2005:6.18

Dwelling fire, 1991, 1992:4.26

Fatal fires

Apartment building, 1996, 1997:5.21

Dwelling, 2006, 2007:3.30

Nursing home, Feb. 26, 2003, 2003:3.80

Rooming house, 1998, 1999:6.18

Store/apartment building fire, 1999, 2000:3.32

Highway fire, March, 2004, 2005:6.48

Hospital fire, 2003, 2004:4.18

Hospital fire, 2005, 2006:1.20

Library fire, 1996, 1997:1.26

Limited care facility fire, 2002, 2003:4.17

Manufacturing plant fire, 1996, 1997:4.22

Manufacturing plant fire, 1997, 1998:3.42

Manufacturing plant fire, 1999, 2000:2.23

Manufacturing plant fire, Nov. 28, 1999, 2000:6.83

Manufacturing plant fire, 2005, 2006:2.30

Marina fire, 1990, 1991:6.26

Mill fire, 1995, 1996:2.25

NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code™ and NFPA 101, Life Safety Code® adopted by state, 2006:2.18

Nursing home fire, 1999, 2000:2.21

Nursing home fire, 2003, 2004:2.17, 2004:3.22, 2005:5.14

Restaurant fire, 1996, 1997:4.22

School fire, 2001, 2002:6.22

School fire, 2003, 2004:5.20

School fire, 2005, 2006:1.20

Storage facility fire, 2005, 2006:2.30

Store fire, 1993, 1994:6.35

Truck trailer fire, 1998, 1999:3.46

CONSTRUCTION, FIRE-RESISTIVE

Limited fire spread, apartment building fire, 1993:3.35

CONSTRUCTION METHODS. See also CODES AND STANDARDS; COMPARTMENTATION; NFPA CODES AND STANDARDS

Balloon construction, factor in fire spread, 1997:6.58, 2002:6.20, 2004:6.19, 2007:1.15

Lightweight construction and heavy fuel loads increase hazards, 2007:5.38

MASTERFORMAT® changes proposed, 2003:3.26

NARRP and other codes address rehabilitation of existing buildings, 2000:6.24

Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, construction/renovation requires flexibility, 2000:2.48

Openings in construction, factor in fire spread, 1997:6.58

Smoke barriers and smoke partitions, purpose, application, and use of, 2001:6.28

Total building commissioning ensures all building systems perform correctly, 2000:1.60

Using NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, to prevent false alarms during construction, 2002:1.34

CONTAINERS

Combustible liquids storage in composite intermediate bulk containers, Fire Protection Research Foundation studies of, 2007:1.22

Intermediate bulk containers, test data for, 1999:3.122

CONVENTION CENTERS. See ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES

CONVEYORS

Friction between belt and roller ignites fire, 1994:6.92

Heat produced by belt ignites combustibles, dust, 1998:6.91

Hot slag drops onto freezer conveyor, ignites freezer, 1998:6.84

Mechanical failure causes grain to ignite, 1992:4.28

Mechanical failure causes sugar dust to ignite, 1997:6.49

Overheated bearing ignites cardboard, 1996:6.23

Welding sparks ignite belt, 1996:6.68

COOKING-AND-HEATING EQUIPMENT FIRES. See HEATING-AND-COOKING EQUIPMENT FIRES

COOLING TOWER FIRES

Rooftop tower of high-rise office building, Massachusetts, 1991, 1992:5.28

CORRECTIONAL FACILITY FIRES. See DETENTION FACILITY FIRES

COTE, ARTHUR E.

Profile of, 2006:6.38

COX, PHIL

Profile of, 1996:4.36

CRAWFORD, JIM

Profile of, 1993:5.23

CROWD MANAGEMENT. See ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES

CROWDED BUILDINGS

Catastrophic fire, factor in, 1994:5.102

CULTURAL FACILITIES. See also CHURCHES; HISTORIC BUILDINGS; LIBRARIES; MUSEUMS

NFPA 909, Protection of Cultural Resources Including Museums, Libraries, Places of Worship, and Historic Properties, provides fire protection guidance for historical, cultural properties, 2000:6.28

NFPA Technical Committee on Cultural Resources hosts workshop on standard changes, 2003:1.32

Property loss statistics, 2003:1.11

Sprinkler systems for cultural resource properties addressed by NFPA codes and standards, 2007:6.26

CUTTING AND WELDING OPERATIONS. See WELDING AND CUTTING OPERATIONS

DALY, WENDY L.

Profile of, 1994:3.20

DANBURY, CONN.

Detention facility fire, July 7, 1977, 1994:5.51

DANIEL, MICHAEL

Profile of, 1999:4.45

DAY CARE CENTER FIRES

Catastrophic, Alabama, Jan. 11, 1999, 2000:5.59

DEARBORN, MICHIGAN

Ford Motor Company Rouge plant, Feb. 1, 1999, fire investigation, 2004:4.58

DEFEND-IN-PLACE

Nursing home, successful, 2004:3.22

DELAWARE

Building-under-construction fire, Delaware, Oct., 2000, 2001:6.63

Catastrophic fires

Dwelling, April 10, 1990, 1991:4.66

Dwelling, Jan. 20, 1993, 1994:5.97

Dwelling, Oct., 2000, 2001:5.77

Dwelling, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Dwelling, Jan., 2002, 2003:5.75

College building fire, 2004, 2005:4.22

Condominium fire, Feb. 17, 1996, 1997:6.57

Detention facility fire, 1990, 1991:3.25

DELUGE SYSTEMS

Satisfactory performance, manufacturing plant fire, 2000:6.84

Satisfactory performance, nuclear energy plant fire, 2004:1.16

Satisfactory performance, refinery fire, 1997:6.49

Unsatisfactory performance; activated after water outage, cause major damage, 1994:3.29

Unsatisfactory performance, mill fire, 2000:6.84

DENVER, COLORADO

Fatal office building fire, Sept. 28, 1992, 1993:2.33

Fire department is progressive, innovative, 1995:3.118

Fueling accident at Denver International Airport leads to aircraft fueling policy changes, 2002:5.66

Pepsi Center designed for safety, 2000:3.72

Tank farm fire, Nov. 25, 1991, 1992:1.60

DETECTION SYSTEMS. See also ALARM SYSTEMS

Automatic, did not cover area of fire origin, 1992:5.28

Intelligent systems eliminate false alarms without compromising protection, 1997:6.78

Life safety system installed at Winterthur Museum, 1992:5.63

Not a factor in fire

Not in service, 1995:5.35

Not located in area of origin, 2004:3.18, 6.21

Not operational due to poor maintenance, 1995:6.104

Optical flame system design, 1995:3.105

Satisfactory performance, 2004:4.17, 5.71

Unsatisfactory performance, 1998:6.92, 2004:6.57

DETECTORS

Carbon monoxide detector questions answered, 1998:5.20

Carbon monoxide detectors necessary for household protection, 2001:6.34

High technology requires new standards, integration with building controls, 1995:5.42

Lack of detectors allowed school fire to spread, 1998:1.21

Motion detector sets off alarm in library fire, 1997:1.26

NFPA 72, The National Fire Alarm Code, consolidates detection standards, 1993:5.70

Not a factor in fire

Absence of detectors; catastrophic dwelling fire, 1994:5.97

Building empty, not monitored, 2002:4.18

Fire above detectors, 1995:6.99, 1997:6.52

Fire on building exterior, 1998:5.16, 2005:2.26

Methane gas detectors, disabled, in mine explosion/fire, 1993:5.66

Motion detectors covered with tape, fail to detect fire, 1996:6.24

Not located in area of origin, 1999:2.25

Not operational, 1994:5.95, 2002:5.22

Operated after suppression started, 2002:3.34

Rendered inoperable by explosion, 1991:6.74

Sample training exercise for detector placement, 1996:4.49

Satisfactory performance, 1994:6.95, 1996:6.62, 69, 72, 73, 1999:6.95, 2004:3.20

Unsatisfactory performance, 1999:3.48, 2007:6.78

DETECTORS, FLAME

Designing optical detection systems, 1995:3.105

DETECTORS, HEAT

Residential detectors, performance in fire tests, 1993:1.48

DETECTORS, HEAT, NOT A FACTOR IN FIRE

Fire above detectors, 2003:5.20

Not located in area of origin, 2007:5.61

Not operational, 1993:6.88, 2001:6.62, 2005:1.20, 5.28, 2007:6.79

Not operational due to explosion, 2003:6.77

DETECTORS, HEAT, SATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE, 1992:5.30, 1993:2.21, 1993:5.37, 64, 66, 79, 1994:6.90, 1996:6.22, 1998:1.24, 2.20, 5.53, 6.85, 88, 1999:6.90, 91, 2001:6.64, 2003:5.16, 6.79, 2004:1.16, 6.52, 2006:6.72, 73

DETECTORS, HEAT, UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE, 1991:6.77, 1992:4.70, 1993:6.87, 1998:6.92, 2000:6.96, 2002:6.21, 2003:6.16, 2006:2.28, 6.73, 2007:1.19

DETECTORS, SMOKE

Air sampling detectors, overview of, 1992:3.80

Alarm signals to reduce older adults fire deaths, 2006:5.26

Blocked by interior renovations, delayed detection, 1992:6.26

Campus fire safety increased by increasing smoke detector reliability, 2006:5.42

Catastrophic fires, factor in, 2005:5.54

Community access television publicizes Vaughn, Ontario, fire service smoke alarm education program, 2007:4.40

Control system used for safe elevator recall, 1993:3.28

Door release methods, health care occupancies, 2005:6.30

Fire prevention week theme, 1992, 1992:5.68

Free detector distribution program by NFPA for Mississippi, Alabama, Navajo Nation, 2005:2.10

Free detector distribution program pays off in Picayune, Mississippi, 2005:5.76

Free detector distribution program saves residential occupants, 1998:3.38

Holmes County, Mississippi, works with NFPA on smoke detector distribution project, 2003:6.42

Inspection, testing, and maintenance to ensure reliability, 1996:5.68

Installation and maintenance are both important fire safety education goals, 2005:6.32

Insufficient number, location, factors in catastrophic fire, 1991:4.68

Location delayed notification, factor in catastrophic fire, 1991:4.69

Many U. S. detectors not operable, most due to batteries missing or dead, 1998:3.98

Medicare rules on nursing home requirements, 2005:3.16

NFPA 302, Fire Protection for Pleasure and Commercial Motor Craft, 2004 edition, requires detectors on boats, 2004:4.36

NFPA report emphasizes need to maintain and/or replace home smoke alarms, 2005:1.12

North Charleston, South Carolina, receives Jensen Award for Smoke Alarm Assistance Program, 2007:5.20

Nuisance alarms: field study in Native American community, 1996:5.65

Preventing nuisance alarms, 1993:5.16

Questions on location and type answered, 1998:6.26

Residential detectors, performance in fire tests, 1993:1.48

Site testing in commercial occupancies, 1998:3.110

Spacing guidelines in NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, 2006:4.36

Ten-year batteries in smoke alarms, pros and cons, 1999:1.48

Tuscaloosa, Alabama, receives Jensen award to fund smoke alarm installation and educational campaign, 2007:4.72

U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission study of detector failure, 1997:5.40

U. S. experience with, 1994:5.36

Waking effectiveness among children and elderly research by U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2003:4.44

Working detectors basic to home fire safety, 2002:5.40

DETECTORS, SMOKE, NOT A FACTOR IN FIRE

Aircraft crash, 1992:6.79

Batteries disconnected, 1998:3.38, 1999:2.23, 2004:5.68, 2005:1.17, 18, 2006:5.34

Batteries incorrectly installed, 1993:5.64

Batteries missing or dead, 1991:4.26, 1991:5.26, 1992:4.67, 68, 4.68, 5.25, 6.28, 1993:1.27, 2.22, 4.25, 5.35, 36, 62, 64, 6.28, 1994:1.30, 5.96, 97, 98, 100, 102, 1995:1.34, 4.37, 38, 5.34, 54, 56, 60, 1995:6.37, 1996:2.24, 1996:5.24, 93, 96, 6.22, 1997:3.29, 30, 5.21, 51, 1998:1.23, 5.15, 16, 17, 46, 49, 1999:2.23, 4.19, 5.19, 50, 52, 2000:2.22, 3.34, 5.56, 57, 58, 6.17, 2001:1.21, 2.23, 3.30, 5.25, 76, 2002:1.20, 2.25, 4.20, 5.18, 20, 2003:1.14, 16, 2.22, 2004:5.68, 5.70, 2005:1.16, 17, 18, 2.18, 24, 26, 4.20, 5.27, 28, 56, 58, 2006:2.28, 5.61, 6.21, 71, 2007:1.15, 2.19, 20, 3.26, 34, 4.24, 5.28, 59, 60, 6.21

Closed door delayed detection, 2007:5.26

Damaged in earlier fire, 2004:6.16

Defective, 1997:4.19, 2005:5.32

Delayed operation, 1994:5.28, 2001:3.34, 2006:6.72

Disconnected, 1991:3.26, 1996:5.91, 92, 1997:2.22, 1999:4.19, 5.19, 2000:5.57, 2001:6.21, 2004:3.24, 2006:2.24, 2007:3.34

Electrical system shorted, 1997:5.49

Electricity to hardwired detectors shut off by utility, 2006:2.28

Explosion, 1992:6.28

Fire above detectors, 1994:4.29, 6.95, 1995:6.106, 1996:6.24, 2003:5.20, 2004:1.14, 2007:4.26

Fire extinguished quickly, 1998:5.17

Fire on exterior of building, 1994:6.90, 2005:4.18, 2007:6.80

Hardwired detector removed from mounting, 2003:6.14

Hardwired detectors had no battery backup, 2003:6.14

Hearing impaired person may not have heard detector, 1993:2.22

Improperly installed, 1992:3.34, 2007:6.21

Intoxicated occupants do not respond, 1996:5.24

Not in service, 1991:3.27, 1993:6.88, 1994:4.32, 1995:4.38, 6.35, 37, 99, 1998:5.45, 1999:5.56, 2000:1.20, 3.36, 2001:6.21, 6.62, 2002:1.20, 3.30, 2003:1.14, 6.77, 2004:2.18, 2005:1.20, 5.28, 2006:6.69, 2007:6.79

Not installed, 1998:5.17, 5.49, 1999:2.23, 1999:3.48, 2000:6.93, 2001:6.20

Not located in area of origin, 1994:6.91, 1996:5.97, 1997:1.26, 6.22, 1998:5.49, 6.89, 1999:3.43, 5.21, 6.92, 94, 95, 2001:5.78, 2002:1.20, 4.16, 5.20, 6.21, 2004:4.17, 2005:1.16, 2006:6.74, 2007:2.21, 5.61

Not maintained, 2004:3.20

Occupant ignored alarm, 2005:6.21

Power supply shut off, 1995:5.54, 1996:6.22

Previous activation of alarm in absence of fire led occupants to ignore alarm, 1993:1.27, 2001:5.75

Reason unknown, 1995:5.53, 60, 1997:5.52, 1998:5.16, 2000:5.22, 2000:6.83, 2006:3.30, 5.61

Removed, 1991:5.26, 1992:3.34, 1993:1.26, 1995:5.60, 1997:2.22, 4.19, 1998:5.50, 1999:2.23, 4.19, 5.20, 2001:2.22, 2004:5.71, 2007:1.18, 6.20

Short circuit caused breaker to trip, 1995:5.59

Switched off, 1999:5.52

DETECTORS, SMOKE, SATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE, 1992:1.22, 26, 2.27, 6.28, 29, 1993:3.33, 5.66, 6.28, 81, 1994:1.31, 2.29, 30, 5.27, 28, 97, 100, 102, 6.33, 6.89, 90, 94, 1995:2.29, 3.38, 6.107, 1996:1.22, 2.23, 4.21, 24, 5.24, 97, 6.22, 23, 24, 70, 1997:2.22, 5.22, 49, 50, 52, 1998:1.22, 24, 2.18, 3.38, 41, 4.21, 5.53, 6.90, 1999:1.17, 2.24, 3.46, 5.19, 50, 53, 6.17, 90, 91, 2000:2.21, 3.38, 6.16, 90, 93, 2001:3.30, 5.24, 26, 6.63, 64, 2002:1.20, 2.24, 26, 3.30, 4.19, 5.21, 22, 6.20, 22, 2003:5.16, 6.79, 81, 2004:1.15, 3.20, 5.14, 5.69, 5.70, 6.52, 6.56, 2005:2.18, 20, 3.26, 6.18, 46, 2006:1.20, 2.26, 3.32, 4.26, 6.22, 24, 71, 72, 73, 75, 2007:2.22, 3.24, 3.32, 5.57, 58, 6.22, 77, 79, 82

DETECTORS, SMOKE, UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE, 1991:4.26, 68, 69, 1992:6.26, 1993:3.35, 1994:1.31, 1995:2.30, 37, 6.98, 107, 1996:1.22, 5.96, 1997:1.25, 1998:1.21, 23, 2.16, 5.45, 49, 50, 1999:3.46, 5.51, 52, 53, 6.19, 2000:3.34, 5.57, 2001:5.78, 2004:4.17, 5.70, 2005:4.16, 5.32, 56, 2006:1.18, 5.60, 2007:1.19

DETENTION FACILITY FIRES

California, 1992, 1993:5.36

Catastrophic, Missouri, Sept. 14, 1991, 1992:4.70

Catastrophic, North Carolina, May, 2002, 2003:5.75

Danbury, Conn., July 7, 1977, 1994:5.51

Delaware, 1990, 1991:3.25

Fire protection in correctional facilities, 1994:5.49

Florida, 1992, 1993:3.33

Maury County, Tenn., June 26, 1977, 1994:5.50

North Carolina, 1996, 1997:1.27

Ohio State Penitentiary, April 21, 1930, 1994:5.54, 1995:5.84

Pennsylvania, 1994, 1995:5.33

St. John, Brunswick, June 21, 1977, 1994:5.50

Washington, 2002, 2003:3.14

DETROIT, MICH.

Catastrophic aircraft collision at airport, Dec. 3, 1990, 1991:3.69, 1991:4.70

Dwelling fire, Feb. 17, 1993, 1993:3.57

Fatal board and care facility fire, June 2, 1992, 1993:1.29

DIESEL FUEL

Catastrophic truck fire ignited by, 2003:5.75, 2007:5.62

Locomotive fuel tanks rupture, vaporized fuel ignites, factor in catastrophic fire, 1997:5.54, 6.59

Used as fire starter, ignites fireplace fire, 1992:2.29

DINENNO, PHILIP J.

Profile of, 1992:4.20

DISABILITIES, PERSONS WITH. See also AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT

Accessibility of built environment and programs covered in NFPA Emergency Evacuation Planning Guide for People with Disabilities, 2007:3.102

Blind, nonambulatory woman dies when smoking materials ignite bedding, 1995:2.30

Blind man dies when stove burner ignites bathrobe, 1994:2.29

Child in wheelchair dies in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.58

Disabled grandmother unable to rescue children, 1995:1.34

Evacuation plan development for people with disabilities, 2005:2.54

Fire Prevention Week to include People with Disabilities Day, 2005:5:42

Fire safety principles and education for, 1996:4.112

Hearing-impaired fire victim may not have heard smoke alarm, 1993:2.22

High-rise building evacuation plans for people with disabilities, 2002:4.58

Legally blind man ignites fatal fire, 1997:6.20

Mentally and developmentally disabled children die in board-and-care facility fire, 2001:5.78

Mentally disabled person dies in apartment building fire, 1999:1.17

Mentally disabled person dies in dwelling fire, 2003:6.14

Mentally disabled person sets rooming house fire, 1997:1.26

Mentally disabled resident dies in limited-care facility fire, 1998:4.21

Mentally disabled residents die in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.62, 1998:5.53

NFPA Center for High-Risk Outreach task force addresses fire safety needs of disabled, 2004:6.34

NFPA joins other organizations to aid emergency preparedness of disabled, 2006:6.11

Physically disabled person dies in dwelling fire, 2007:3.30, 2007:5.29

Physically disabled person ignites clothing while smoking, ignites catastrophic fire, 1997:5.50

Physically disabled persons die in apartment building fire, 1997:6.20, 1998:4.19, 2000:3.36

Physically disabled persons die in board and care facility fire, 1996:5.96

Physically disabled persons die in catastrophic board and care facility fires, 1997:5.52, 2004:5.71

Physically disabled persons die in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.64

Physically disabled persons die in dwelling fire, 1996:5.24, 1998:3.38, 5.15, 16, 50, 1999:1.17, 18, 1999:2.24, 1999:3.48, 1999:6.18, 2000:4.19, 2000:5.56, 2001:3.30, 2003:1.15, 2006:4.24, 26, 5.28

Physically disabled persons die in housing for elderly fire, 1999:6.19

Physically disabled persons die in manufactured home fire, 1998:2.16, 1999:6.18

Residential facility fire, Ontario, Canada, 2006:2.28

DISASTER DRILLS

Logan International Airport, Boston, Mass, 1991:2.54

Plane crash simulation at Hancock Tower high-rise, Boston, 1993:6.35

DISASTER RESPONSE. See also BUSINESS CONTINUITY; EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; TERRORISM

Amtrak trains rescuers to respond to railroad disasters, 2000:3.78

Congress considers natural disaster relief policy reform, 1997:5.31

Crowd management factors in Riverfront Stadium, Cincinnati, concert disaster, Dec. 3, 1979, 2002:1.80

FEMA Project Impact focus groups gauge public awareness of disaster mitigation, 2000:2.32

Florida tornadoes, Feb. 22, 1998, fire service response to, 1998:3.60

High-speed train crash, Germany, June 3, 1998, 1999:6.40

Los Angeles County Fire Department's response program, 1991:6.60

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, 2007 edition, available at no cost, 2007:3.20

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, as national preparedness standard, 2005:1.44

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, is important tool for response and recovery, 2002:4.88

NFPA 5000, NFPA Building Code™, references best guidelines for natural disasters, 2001:4.42

Oklahoma City bombing, 1995, NFPA documentation of response, 1996:1.50

Oklahoma City bombing, 1995, USAR task force response to, 1996:1.59

Risk assessment methods, 1999:2.67

Terrorist attacks, preparation for, 1996:1.54, 1996:2.35

Tropical Storm Allison overwhelmed Houston, Texas, hospitals, incident investigation report, 2002:4.48

US Fire Administration and FBI programs can mitigate risk to modern infrastructures, 2001:6.30

DISNEY WORLD, ORLANDO, FLA.

Fire protection systems, 1996:3.119

DISPATCH. See COMPUTER-AIDED DISPATCH

DISPATCH CENTERS

Los Angeles designs state-of-the-art center, 1994:2.66

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. See WASHINGTON, D. C.

DOMESTIC DISPUTES

Fatal fires, factor in, 1.23, 1998:2.16

DOORS. See also EXITS

Access-controlled egress doors and locks, NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® requirements, 2007:5.40

Blocked

Catastrophic fire factor, 2000:5.58

Fatal fire factor, 1999:4.19, 2002:2.24, 2003:1.16

By fire, 2001:5.25, 2001:5.76, 78, 2002:2.24, 2002:3.30, 2002:4.19, 2007:6.18

Hampered fire fighter access, 2002:1.19, 2007:1.15

By refrigerator, catastrophic fire factor, 1998:5.50

By victims, catastrophic fire factor, 1997:5.51

Closed

Delayed smoke alarm activation, 1999:3.46, 48

Limited fire spread, 1994:5.105, 2000:6.17, 2001:3.28, 34, 2004:3.22, 5.69, 5.70, 2007:5.32

Limited heat, gas exposure, 1994:6.34

Fire (See DOORS, FIRE)

Fire vented through, 1998:2.18, 2006:4.24, 5.60

In fire wall, fire spread through, 1991:6.75

Inoperable, hamper escape in catastrophic food plant fire, 1992:1.29

Jammed, factor in catastrophic motor vehicle fire, 1998:5.55, 2004:5.73

Lack of second exit, factor in fatal fire, 2001:6.20, 21

Locked

Catastrophic dwelling fire, factor in, 1991:4.64, 1996:5.91, 1998:5.45

Catastrophic dwelling fire, fire fighting operations hampered, 1993:5.62

Catastrophic fire, factor in, 1997:5.50, 51

Catastrophic vehicle fire, factor in, 1998:5.55

Dead-bolt, delayed escape, 2000:4.19, 2000:6.16, 17

Dead-bolt, factor in fatal fire, 2001:6.20

Fatal apartment fire, factor in, 1991:4.26, 1995:3.37

Fatal fire, factor in, 1997:6.19, 2001:1.21, 5.25, 6.20

Fire, factor in, 1997:3.30, 2004:6.56

Fire fighting operations hampered by, 1994:2.27, 6.93

Fire fighting operations hampered by; shopping mall fire, 1991:1.29

Padlock, factor in fatal fire, 2001:5.25

Main store doors closed by electrical problem, occupants limited to two single doors, 2000:6.91

Motor vehicle passenger door inoperable from interior, factor in catastrophic fire, 1996:5.100

Nailed shut

Catastrophic fires, factor in, 1998:5.49, 5.50, 2001:5.77

Fatal fire, factor in, 1995:3.37

NFPA 105, Installation of Smoke-Control Doors, recommended practice considered for upgrading to standard, 2001:5.59

Open

Catastrophic fire spread through, 1991:4.66, 1997:5.49, 52, 53, 2004:5.70

Fire spread by draft caused by, 1992:5.25, 2004:6.21

Fire spread through, 1991:6.24, 1992:4.67, 69, 1994:5.96, 100, 105, 6.95, 96, 1995:5.64, 6.35, 6.99, 1996:6.63, 6.64, 1997:6.20, 1998:5.45, 49, 6.90, 1999:5.50, 51, 52, 54, 1999:6.18, 2000:5.23, 56, 2001:1.21, 5.77, 6.23, 2002:5.20, 6.21, 2005:2.20, 6.18, 44, 47

Fire vented through, 1991:4.67, 1995:5.56, 59, 1996:5.91, 93, 1997:5.21, 51, 6.56, 1998:5.49

Flashover caused by, 2005:6.48

Garage door, fire spread through, 1992:1.21

Heat spread through, 1998:5.17, 53

Lacking self-closing devices, fire spread through, 1997:5.52, 53

Smoke spread through, 1991:3.26, 1995:5.64, 1998:5.17, 53

Panic hardware and fire exit hardware, NFPA 101^®, Life Safety Code^® definitions and requirements, 2007:4.36

Security bars

Catastrophic fire, factor in, 1996:5.93, 1997:5.51, 1998:5.50, 2001:5.77, 2005:5.56, 58, 2006:5.60, 2007:5.58

Fatal fire, factor in, 2001:4.22, 2001:6.20

Security door, factor in catastrophic fire, 1999:5.53

Smoke door release methods, health care occupancies, 2005:6.30

Steel screens hinder escape in catastrophic fire, 1993:5.62

Wood, fire spread through, 1992:4.67

DOORS, FIRE

Absence of, allowed fire spread, 1998:6.85

Automatic

Limited fire spread, 1995:1.31, 1997:5.49

Operated correctly, 1997:5.52

Controlled fire spread, 1999:6.95, 2000:1.19

Failed to close, 1993:6.85, 1998:6.84

Failed to operate due to poor maintenance, 1996:6.63

Field modifications of, 1992:6.12

Limited/prevented fire spread, 1992:4.27, 1993:1.28, 1994:5.105, 1995:1.31, 1995:6.38, 1997:6.52, 1998:6.92

NFPA 80, Fire Doors and Fire Windows, provides installation and maintenance guidelines, 2001:3.79

NFPA 288, Fire Tests of Floor Fire Door Assemblies Installed in Fire Resistance Rated Floor Systems, annual meeting review, 2001:2.81

Open, fire spread through, 1993:5.64, 1994:5.95, 1994:6.96, 1995:6.35, 103, 1997:4.19, 5.21, 49, 54, 1998:6.92, 1999:2.24, 2000:5.24, 2005:4.22

Overhead doors, failed to operate, factor in fire spread, 1995:6.103

Removed, factor in fire spread, 1994:5.95

Roll-down, limited fire spread, 1995:6.38

Self-closing, prevent fire spread, 1992:4.27, 1997:6.21

Self-closing device deactivated, factor in catastrophic fire, 1998:5.53

Self-closing devices removed, factor in catastrophic fire, 1997:5.52

DORMITORIES. See also COLLEGE BUILDINGS

Fire safety and fire protection in dorms remains pressing, unresolved issue, 2003:5.48

Fire safety and life safety combined in construction of Northeastern University dormitory, 1999:1.60

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, requirements, 2000:5.30, 38

NFPA programs promote college dormitory fire safety, 2002:1.38

Sprinkler systems in dormitories save lives, not just property, 2005:4.26

Statistics, fire, 1997:3.152

DORMITORY FIRES

Catastrophic

North Carolina, May 12, 1996, 1997:5.50

Texas, April 19, 1993, 1994:5.95

College/university

Arizona, 1990, 1991:2.29

Catastrophic, North Carolina, May 12, 1996, 1997:5.50

Connecticut, 2004, 2005:6.18

Illinois, 1999, 2000:6.16

Illinois, 2001, 2002:6.21

Indiana, April, 2002, 2003:6.81

Maine, 2000, 2001:3.30

Massachusetts, April, 2005, 2006:6.72

Massachusetts, building-under-renovation, 1997, 1998:3.42

Michigan, 2000, 2001:2.20

Multiple fatality fires at fraternity houses, 2000:3.176

North Carolina, 2003, 2004:1.15

Ohio, 1996, 1997:6.21

Rhode Island, 2006, 2007:2.22

Texas, 2001, 2002:3.32

Vermont, 2005, 2006:2.28

Washington, D. C., 1990, 1991:4.25

Washington, under construction, March, 2006, 2007:6.81

Wyoming, March, 2004, 2005:6.45

Wyoming, 2005, 2006:6.23

Fire station dormitory, California, 1998, 1999:4.21

Military barracks, Washington, May 11, 1990, 1991:6.77

School

Nebraska, 2006, 2007:2.21

Pennsylvania, April, 1994, 1995:6.99

Washington, 2003, 2004:6.16

DRAFT CURTAINS

Satisfactory performance, warehouse fire, 1996:4.23

Unsatisfactory performance, mill fire, 2000:6.84

DRILLING PLATFORM FIRES

Catastrophic, Louisiana, Feb. 15, 1991, 1992:4.71

DRILLING RIG FIRES

Track-mounted, Wisconsin, July 9, 1991, 1992:4.72

DRILLS. See DISASTER DRILLS; FIRE DRILLS

DROUGHT

Water supply limited by, 2002:6.20

Wildland fire factor, 1991:1.59, 1991:4.70, 1991:6.74, 75, 78, 1992:4.72, 1992:6.74, 76, 1993:3.36, 1993:4.28, 1993:6.88, 89, 1994:5.108, 1994:6.99, 1995:5.67, 1995:6.111, 1996:2.26, 1996:6.74, 1997:4.21, 1999:6.97, 2001:6.63, 2003:6.80, 2007:6.80, 81

DROWNING

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1996:4.73, 2003:4.62, 2006:4.63, 2007:4.68

DRUGS, ILLEGAL

Alcohol used to smoke crack cocaine ignites rooming house fire, 1999:6.18

Careless disposal of marijuana cigarette ignites apartment building fire, 1997:5.22

Careless smoking of illegal drugs ignites fatal hotel fire, 2002:6.21

Catastrophic dwelling fire, factor in, 1994:5.102, 1995:5.60

Cooking chemicals ignite apartment building fire, 1995:6.36

Fatal fire, factor in, 1997:6.20, 2003:5.16

Methamphetamine lab, possible fire cause, 2004:1.15

Methamphetamine lab fire ignites apartment fire, 2005:2.20

Methamphetamine lab fire ignites spilled camping fuel, ignites fatal dwelling fire, 2003:1.16

Methamphetamine/amphetamine use, possible fatal fire factor, 2006:1.18

Torch used to heat illegal drugs ignites office fire, 2005:6.16

DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

Delayed activation, but partly successful in hospital cafeteria fire, 2003:2.22

Delayed activation, but partly successful in restaurant fire, 1995:2.31

Electrical substation plant fire extinguished with, 1995:6.100

Manual system in hood over grill not activated, 2000:6.96

Not a factor in fire, fire above system, 1997:6.52, 1997:6.53

Unsatisfactory performance, failed to operate in restaurant fire, 1997:6.22, 2006:2.30, 3.30

DRYING OVENS

Dust and lacquer in vent system, ignited by heat source, 1996:4.24

DUBAI

Construction plans for world's tallest building include crisis response plan, 2007:2.44

DUBAY, CHRISTIAN

Profile of, 2007:1.34

DUCTS. See also CHASES

Aluminum dust in ductwork ignites, explodes, 2004:5.20

Broiler heat ignites grease in, 2006:2.30

Clothes dryer heat ignites lint in exhaust duct, 1993:3.36

Combustible ducts in vapor removal system spread fire, 1998:6.84

Deep fat fryer fire ignites grease in, 1994:3.28

Dust in ducts, factor in explosions and fires, 1999:6.94, 2000:5.60, 2000:6.85

Electrical connection grounded through, 1995:5.35

Fan draws fire into exhaust duct, 1999:6.90

Fire spread through, 1992:4.68, 1993:6.82, 1994:5.104, 1997:6.57, 1998:6.87, 90

Grill fire ignites grease in, 1996:5.25

Lint in ducts, factor in fire spread, 1999:6.94

Residue in duct ignited, fire spread through, 1999:5.19

Sawdust in ducts ignited by sparks, 2004:2.16

Short circuit ignites dust on top of duct, 1998:6.84

Sparks sent through, ignite studs in dust collection bin, 1998:1.24

DUMPSTER FIRES

Hawaii, 1989, 1991:1.31

Michigan, 1996, 1997:5.24

New York, 1995, 1996:5.26

Oregon, 1999, 2000:4.19

DUNGAN, KENNETH W.

Profile of, 1992:5.20

DÜSSELDORF, GERMANY

Fatal airport terminal fire, Apr. 11, 1996, 1996:4.43

DUST. See also LINT

Accumulated dust ignited by burning polystyrene, 2004:5.20

Aluminum dust ignites in fatal manufacturing plant fire, 2004:5.20, 6.21

Coal dust ignites in generating plant fires, 1999:6.95

Coal dust ignites in power plant fire, 2000:5.60

Conveyor belt heat ignites dust, 1998:6.91

Dryer fire spreads to dust, 2001:5.26

Ducts, accumulation in, factor in fire spread, 1999:6.94, 2000:5.60, 2000:6.85

Exhaust fan malfunction, ignited by, 1996:5.23

Explosion, dust loosened by, results in second explosion, 2001:5.78, 6.61

Fiberglass, ignited by heat from oven fire, 2004:5.71, 6.52

Furniture manufacturing plant explosion/fire, factor in, 1995:6.103

Grain, ignited by hot bearing, 1999:3.44

Grain, ignited by smoldering grain, 1992:4.28

Grain, ignited by unknown source, 2004:6.53

Grain, ignited in grain elevator during cleaning, 1999:5.54, 1999:6.92

Heat gun ignites dust in church fire, 1999:5.21

Hosiery manufacturing plant fire, factor in, 1997:3.33

Manufacturing process, accumulated dust/powder from, self-ignites, 2001:1.23

Overheated bearing box, ignited by, 1993:6.83

Paper, factor in fire spread, 1993:6.84

Paper, ignited by heat from gas heater, 1991:6.75

Phenol formaldehyde resin dust ignites catastrophic explosion, 2000:6.85

Polyethylene dust, in area above dropped ceiling, ignites catastrophic explosion, 2004:5.71, 2004:6.52

Polyurethane dust ignites, fire spreads through dust collection system, 1998:6.87

Sawdust, fire spreads to combustibles from, 1994:4.30

Sawdust ignited by electrical arc, 1999:6.90

Sawdust ignites, explodes, contributes to fire spread, manufacturing plant fire, 1997:6.49

Sawdust in attic ignited by spreading fire, 1998:6.86

Sugar dust ignited by spark or heat, refinery fire, 1997:6.49

Synthetic fabric dust ignited by short circuit, knitting mill fire, 1998:6.84

Tryptophan, powdered, ignited in manufacturing plant fire, 2002:6.22

DUST COLLECTION SYSTEMS

Explosion causes secondary explosions in system, 2004:6.21

Polyurethane dust ignites, fire spreads through dust collection system, 1998:6.87

Sparks from saw, ember in hopper, ignite sawdust, 2004:2.16

Sparks sent through ducts, ignite studs in dust collection bin, 1998:1.24

DWELLING FIRES. See also MANUFACTURED HOME FIRES

Alabama, 1995, 1996:3.39

Alabama, 1998, 1999:3.46

Alabama, 1999, 2000:4.19

Alabama, 2001, 2002:3.32

Alabama, 2002, 2003:6.14

Arizona, 1993, 1994:6.34

Arizona, 2003, 2004:6.17

Arkansas, 1997, 1998:1.23, 4.19, 6.23

Arkansas, 1998, 1999:2.24

Arkansas, 2005, 2006:6.18, 24

California, 1991, 1992:4.26, 1992:6.28

California, 1992, 1993:4.25

California, April, 1992, 1993:6.79

California, Sept., 1992, 1993:6.81

California, 1994, 1995:2.30

California, 1995, 1996:1.23, 1996:2.23, 1996:3.36, 1996:6.22

California, 1997, 1998:5.16

California, 1998, 1999:6.19

California, Jan., 1998, 1999:6.97

California, 1999, 2000:1.20, 2000:3.36, 2000:4.18

California, 2000, 2001:6.20

California, 2002, 2003:5.14, 2003:6.14

California, Aug., 2002, 2003:6.81

California, 2003, 2004:5.18

California, 2004, 2005:2.22, 3.24, 4.20

California, 2005, 2006:5.28, 32, 34

California, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.68

California, Dec., 2006, 2007:6.80

Colorado, 1999, 2000:5.20

Colorado, April 23, 1999, 2000:6.93

Colorado, 2002, 2003:1.16

Connecticut, 1991, 1992:4.26

Connecticut, 2006, 2007:3.30

Delaware, Oct., 2000, 2001:6.63

Florida, 1992, 1993:2.21, 1993:5.35

Florida, 1993, 1994:4.32

Florida, May 4, 1997, 1998:6.90

Florida, Oct. 22, 1997, 1998:6.90

Florida, 2000, 2001:3.36, 2001:4.22, 2001:6.21

Florida, Feb., 2000, 2001:6.64

Florida, 2003, 2004:3.20

Florida, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.71

Georgia, 1991, 1992:2.29

Georgia, 1996, 1997:2.22

Georgia, 1998, 1999:1.18, 1999:3.48

Georgia, 1999, 2000:3.36

Georgia, 2006, 2007:6.20

Idaho, 1995, 1996:4.22

Illinois, 1994, 1995:6.36

Illinois, 1997, 1998:1.23, 3.38

Illinois, 1998, 1999:3.46

Illinois, 2002, 2003:5.16

Illinois, 2006, 2007:3.26

Indiana, 1993, 1994:1.30

Indiana, 1998, 1999:1.17

Indiana, 1999, 2000:5.22

Indiana, 2001, 2002:1.20

Indiana, 2004, 2005:1.16, 3.24, 5.27

Iowa, 1991, 1992:1.22, 1992:4.26

Iowa, 1992, 1993:3.35

Iowa, 2003, 2004:5.14

Kansas, 1998, 1999:4.20

Kansas, 2001, 2002:2.25

Kansas, 2006, 2007:1.17

Kentucky, 1990, 1991:5.26

Kentucky, 1997, 1998:4.19

Kentucky, 1998, 1999:4.19

Kentucky, 2002, 2003:1.14

Kentucky, 2004, 2005:4.20

Kentucky, 2006, 2007:6.20

Maine, 1998, 1999:6.17

Maine, 2003, 2004:5.19

Maine, 2006, 2007:2.18

Maryland, 1993, 1994:1.31

Maryland, 1994, 1995:3.38

Maryland, 1997, 1998:5.16

Maryland, 1998, 1999:1.18

Maryland, 1999, 2000:5.22

Maryland, 2003, 2004:2.18, 2004:6.16

Maryland, March, 2004, 2005:6.45

Massachusetts, 1989, 1991:1.27

Massachusetts, 1991, 1992:1.21

Massachusetts, 1992, 1993:1.27, 1993:5.36

Massachusetts, 1993, 1994:6.34

Massachusetts, 1995, 1996:4.21, 1996:6.22

Massachusetts, 1996, 1997:1.25, 4.19

Massachusetts, 1997, 1998:5.15

Massachusetts, 1999, 2000:5.20, 2000:6.16

Massachusetts, Nov. 5, 1999, 2000:6.93

Massachusetts, 2000, 2001:6.20

Massachusetts, 2001, 2002:5.20

Massachusetts, 2003, 2004:1.14

Massachusetts, 2005, 2006:1.18

Michigan, 1996, 1997:1.25

Michigan, 1991, 1992:6.28

Michigan, 1993, 1994:6.33

Michigan, Feb. 17, 1993, 1993:3.57

Michigan, 1995, 1996:3.39

Michigan, Jan. 6, 1996, 1997:6.58

Michigan, Nov. 14, 1996, 1997:6.58

Michigan, 1998, 1999:6.18

Michigan, 1999, 2000:3.34

Michigan, 2000, 2001:3.30, 2001:4.24

Michigan, 2002, 2003:2.22, 2003:4.14

Michigan, 2003, 2004:4.16, 2004:4.17

Michigan, 2004, 2005:2.18

Minnesota, 1991, 1992:2.28

Minnesota, 2001, 2002:3.30

Minnesota, 2005, 2006:4.24

Minnesota, 2006, 2007:1.18

Mississippi, 1994, 1995:4.38

Mississippi, 1998, 1999:5.19

Mississippi, 2004, 2005:2.26

Mississippi, 2006, 2007:5.29

Missouri, 1991, 1992:3.34

Missouri, 1992, 1993:4.25

Missouri, 1994, 1995:5.34

Missouri, 1998, 1999:1.18

Missouri, 2000, 2001:1.21

Missouri, 2002, 2003:1.15

Missouri, 2003, 2004:1.15, 2004:5.17

Missouri, 2005, 2006:6.23

Missouri, 2006, 2007:5.26

Montana, 2006, 2007:1.20

Nebraska, 2003, 2004:4.17

Nevada, Feb. 19, 1999, 2000:6.95

Nevada, 2003, 2004:2.19

New Jersey, 1994, 1995:6.37

New Jersey, 1998, 1999:4.19

New Jersey, 1999, 2000:6.17

New Jersey, 2004, 2005:2.20

New Jersey, Aug., 2005, 2006:6.72

New York, 1991, 1992:5.25

New York, 1992, 1993:2.22

New York, 1993, 1994:1.31

New York, 1994, 1995:4.37

New York, 1998, 1999:2.23, 1999:3.48

New York, 1999, 2000:5.22

New York, Dec. 18, 1999, 2000:6.93

New York, 2000, 2001:5.26

New York, 2002, 2003:3.16

New York, Sept., 2005, 2006:6.69

North Carolina, 1994, 1995:1.34

North Carolina, 2000, 2001:1.22

North Carolina, 2001, 2002:2.25

North Carolina, 2004, 2005:1.17

North Carolina, 2006, 2007:1.19

Ohio, 1992, 1993:2.22, 1993:5.36, 1993:6.28

Ohio, 1993, 1994:1.31, 1994:5.28

Ohio, 1996, 1997:5.21, 6.19

Ohio, 1999, 2000:2.22, 2000:6.16

Ohio, 2000, 2001:2.23

Ohio, 2001, 2002:2.22

Ohio, 2002, 2003:3.18

Ohio, 2004, 2005:1.16, 4.16

Ohio, 2005, 2006:2.28, 21

Ohio, 2006, 2007:3.26, 4.24, 5.25, 28

Oklahoma, 1991, 1992:6.28

Oklahoma, 1996, 1997:3.29

Oklahoma, 1997, 1998:3.38

Oklahoma, 2001, 2002:5.20

Oklahoma, 2002, 2003:1.16

Operations at dwelling fires should not be considered routine, 2003:4.26

Oregon, 2003, 2004:3.20

Oregon, 2004, 2005:5.26

Pennsylvania, 1994, 1995:1.34

Pennsylvania, multiple dwellings, 1996, 1997:4.19

Pennsylvania, 1997, 1998:1.22, 23

Pennsylvania, 1998, 1998:3.38

Pennsylvania, 1999, 2000:6.17

Pennsylvania, 2000, 2001:3.34

Pennsylvania, 2001, 2002:3.30

Pennsylvania, 2003, 2004:5.16

Pennsylvania, 2004, 2005:5.26, 6.21

Pennsylvania, 2005, 2006:2.24, 26, 3.36, 5.34

Pennsylvania, 2006, 2007:3.32, 6.21

Products first ignited in, 1983-1987, 1991:5.72

Rhode Island, 1995, 1996:6.22

South Carolina, Aug. 13, 1999, 2000:6.93

South Carolina, 2001, 2002:1.21

South Carolina, 2005, 2006:5.30

Tennessee, 2000, 2001:5.25

Tennessee, 2005, 2006:5.28, 6.20, 24

Texas, 1994, 1995:2.29

Texas, 1995, 1996:5.25

Texas, multiple dwellings, 1995, 1996:4.21

Texas, 1997, 1998:5.17

Texas, March 20, 1997, 1998:6.90

Texas, 1999, 2000:3.34

Texas, Dec. 6, 1999, 2000:6.93

Texas, 2001, 2002:2.24, 2002:3.30, 2002:4.19, 2002:6.18

Texas, July, 2002, 2003:6.79

Texas, 2003, 2004:4.16, 2004:6.17

Texas, 2004, 2005:3.28, 5.28

Texas, 2006, 2007:5.29

Utah, 1997, 1998:6.23

Virginia, May 3, 1999, 2000:6.93

Virginia, 2003, 2004:6.16

Virginia, 2005, 2006:4.26

Virginia, 2006, 2007:4.28, 6.18

Washington, 1994, 1995:6.36

Washington, 1998, 1999:4.19

Washington, 2000, 2001:1.20, 2001:6.21

West Virginia, 2003, 2004:2.19

West Virginia, 2004, 2005:4.18

Wisconsin, 1998, 1999:2.23

Wisconsin, 2006, 2007:3.28

Wyoming, 1991, 1992:5.26

DWELLING FIRES, CATASTROPHIC

Alabama, Aug. 27, 1990, 1991:4.64

Alabama, Nov. 12, 1996, 1997:5.51

Alabama, July 20, 1997, 1998:5.50

Alabama, July 5, 1999, 2000:5.58

Alabama, May, 2004, 2005:5.58

Arizona, Nov. 5, 1993, 1994:5.97

Arizona, March 26, 1995, 1996:5.92

Arizona, April, 2001, 2002:5.82

Arkansas, Dec., 2002, 2003:5.75

California, Aug. 3, 1992, 1993:5.64

California, Nov. 29, 1994, 1995:5.62

California, May 29, 1995, 1996:5.91

California, Dec. 14, 1995, 1996:5.92

California, Dec. 19, 1996, 1997:5.51

California, April 26, 1997, 1998:5.45

California, June 1, 1997, 1998:5.49

Connecticut, Feb. 16, 1991, 1992:4.67

Delaware, Jan. 20, 1993, 1994:5.97

Delaware, Oct., 2000, 2001:5.77

Delaware, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Delaware, April 10, 1990, 1991:4.66

Delaware, Jan., 2002, 2003:5.75

Florida, Jan. 13, 1990, 1991:4.64

Florida, Feb. 25, 1990, 1991:4.66

Florida, Oct. 15, 1990, 1991:4.64

Florida, March 13, 1993, 1994:5.98

Florida, Mar. 13, 1998, 1999:5.52

Florida, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Florida, Feb., 2004, 2005:5.57

Florida, Sept., 2004, 2005:5.58

Georgia, Jan. 26, 1993, 1994:5.97

Georgia, Feb. 3, 1993, 1994:5.96

Georgia, June 27, 1993, 1994:5.98

Georgia, Feb. 4, 1995, 1996:5.92

Georgia, Jan. 23, 1997, 1997:5.50

Georgia, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Hawaii, Oct. 15, 1997, 1998:5.45

Illinois, Jan. 11, 1990, 1991:4.65

Illinois, Jan. 1, 1991, 1992:4.68

Illinois, Aug. 14, 1994, 1995:5.54

Illinois, Jan. 14, 1995, 1996:5.91

Illinois, Aug. 12, 1995, 1996:5.93

Illinois, Jan., 2000, 2001:5.75

Indiana, June 30, 1994, 1995:5.60

Indiana, Aug. 9, 1994, 1995:5.56

Indiana, Dec. 4, 1995, 1996:5.93

Indiana, Jan. 18, 1998, 1999:5.50

Indiana, Feb., 2004, 2005:5.57

Indiana, Sept., 2005, 2006:5.61

Indiana, March, 2006, 2007:5.57

Iowa, March 24, 1994, 1995:5.54

Iowa, Dec. 9, 1995, 1996:5.93

Iowa, Mar. 13, 1998, 1999:5.52

Iowa, Sept. 6, 1999, 2000:5.56

Kansas, Oct., 2000, 2001:5.75

Kansas, Oct., 2004, 2005:5.58

Kansas, Sept., 2006, 2007:5.59

Kentucky, Sept. 30, 1994, 1995:5.60

Kentucky, Nov. 9, 1996, 1997:5.51

Kentucky, April 3, 1999, 2000:5.57

Kentucky, Jan., 2000, 2001:5.76

Kentucky, Nov., 2001, 2002:5.82

Kentucky, Feb., 2003, 2004:5.68

Kentucky, Feb., 2004, 2005:5.57

Louisiana, Nov. 16, 1991, 1992:4.68

Louisiana, Oct. 9, 1997, 1998:5.50

Louisiana, Mar. 23, 1998, 1999:5.50

Louisiana, Jan. 13, 1999, 2000:5.57

Louisiana, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.77

Louisiana, Aug., 2002, 2003:5.75

Maryland, July 7, 1992, 1993:5.62

Maryland, April 23, 1993, 1994:5.98

Maryland, Feb. 26, 1994, 1995:5.53

Maryland, Jan. 9, 1994, 1995:5.54

Maryland, Jan. 30, 1996, 1997:5.50

Maryland, March 3, 1997, 1998:5.45

Maryland, Jan. 14, 1998, 1999:5.52

Maryland, Sept. 3, 1999, 2000:5.56

Maryland, June, 2000, 2001:5.76

Maryland, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Massachusetts, May 27, 1990, 1991:4.65

Massachusetts, Dec. 24, 1994, 1995:5.54

Massachusetts, Nov. 24, 1999, 2000:5.58

Massachusetts, Oct., 2004, 2005:5.58

Michigan, Feb. 28, 1990, 1991:4.64

Michigan, Dec. 22, 1990, 1991:4.64

Michigan, Oct. 3, 1992, 1993:5.62

Michigan, Dec. 3, 1992, 1993:5.64

Michigan, Feb. 17, 1993, 1994:5.96

Michigan, Nov. 30, 1993, 1994:5.102

Michigan, July 13, 1994, 1995:5.56

Michigan, June 17, 1998, 1999:5.51

Michigan, Aug. 7, 1998, 1999:5.53

Michigan, Dec. 27, 1998, 1999:5.50

Michigan, Dec. 30, 1998, 1999:5.53

Michigan, Feb. 4, 1999, 2000:5.56

Michigan, April 8, 1999, 2000:5.57

Michigan, May 23, 1999, 2000:5.56

Michigan, Dec. 2, 1999, 2000:5.57

Michigan, April, 2000, 2001:5.76

Michigan, Sept., 2002, 2003:5.75

Michigan, Jan., 2003, 2004:5.68

Michigan, July, 2003, 2004:5.68

Michigan, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.68

Michigan, Jan., 2004, 2005:5.57

Michigan, Sept., 2005, 2006:5.61

Minnesota, Jan. 1, 1999, 2000:5.56

Mississippi, April 3, 1994, 1995:5.59

Mississippi, Feb. 3, 1996, 1997:5.49

Mississippi, March 13, 1996, 1997:5.50

Mississippi, Jan. 2, 1998, 1999:5.51

Mississippi, Jan., 2002, 2003:5.75

Mississippi, Oct., 2003, 2004:5.69

Missouri, Aug. 19, 1992, 1993:5.64

Missouri, Dec. 5, 1997, 1998:5.45

Missouri, Sept., 2000, 2001:5.75

Missouri, Nov., 2001, 2002:5.82

Missouri, Jan., 2002, 2003:5.75

Missouri, Aug., 2006, 2007:5.59

Montana, Sept. 7, 1991, 1992:4.68

Montana, Sept. 24, 1994, 1995:5.60

New Jersey, June 11, 1991, 1992:4.69

New Jersey, June 16, 1991, 1992:4.69

New Jersey, Feb. 13, 1992, 1993:5.62

New Jersey, Dec. 28, 1994, 1995:5.53

New Jersey, Jan. 22, 1995, 1996:5.92

New Jersey, July 22, 1995, 1996:5.92

New Jersey, March, 2001, 2002:5.82

New Jersey, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

New York, Dec. 27, 1990, 1991:4.65

New York, Feb. 8, 1991, 1992:4.68

New York, April 10, 1991, 1992:4.67

New York, April 21, 1991, 1992:4.69

New York, Nov. 22, 1991, 1992:4.68

New York, Dec. 22, 1991, 1992:4.68

New York, June 7, 1993, 1994:5.98

New York, Aug. 28, 1993, 1994:5.100

New York, Dec. 21, 1993, 1994:5.102

New York, Jan. 28, 1994, 1995:5.58

New York, Feb. 10, 1994, 1995:5.54

New York, June 28, 1994, 1995:5.60

New York, Dec. 4, 1994, 1995:5.62

New York, June 23, 1995, 1996:5.92

New York, Dec. 18, 1995, 1996:5.93

New York, Jan. 9, 1999, 2000:5.57

New York, Nov., 2001, 2002:5.82

New York, March, 2003, 2004:5.69

New York, Aug., 2004, 2005:5.56

North Carolina, Nov. 13, 1992, 1993:5.64

North Carolina, Feb. 28, 1994, 1995:5.58

North Carolina, Feb. 23, 1996, 1997:5.49

North Carolina, Feb. 17, 1997, 1998:5.49

North Carolina, April 1, 1998, 1999:5.52

North Carolina, Nov., 2000, 2001:5.75

North Carolina, June, 2002, 2003:5.75

North Carolina, March, 2006, 2007:5.58

North Dakota, Oct. 7, 1994, 1995:5.53

Ohio, Oct. 21, 1990, 1991:4.66

Ohio, Dec. 25, 1990, 1991:4.66

Ohio, Dec. 15, 1991, 1992:4.69

Ohio, Jan. 26, 1992, 1993:5.62

Ohio, Feb. 14, 1993, 1994:5.98

Ohio, Dec. 22, 1993, 1994:5.96

Ohio, Jan. 26, 1994, 1995:5.56

Ohio, Dec. 28, 1995, 1996:5.91

Ohio, March, 2000, 2001:5.76

Ohio, Jan, 2002, 2003:5.75

Ohio, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.68

Ohio, May, 2005, 2006:5.60

Oklahoma, Feb. 1, 1991, 1992:4.68

Oklahoma, Aug. 31, 1991, 1992:4.69

Oklahoma, Sept. 21, 1993, 1994:5.100

Oklahoma, Nov. 20, 1994, 1995:5.62

Oklahoma, Sept., 2004, 2005:5.56

Oklahoma, March, 2005, 2006:5.60

Oklahoma, July, 2006, 2007:5.57

Pennsylvania, March 3, 1990, 1991:4.64

Pennsylvania, July 30, 1990, 1991:4.66

Pennsylvania, Feb. 14, 1991, 1992:4.67

Pennsylvania, Dec. 14, 1991, 1992:4.69

Pennsylvania, March 13, 1992, 1993:5.62

Pennsylvania, July 24, 1992, 1993:5.62

Pennsylvania, Oct. 2, 1992, 1993:5.64

Pennsylvania, Dec. 5, 1992, 1993:5.62

Pennsylvania, July 25, 1993, 1994:5.97

Pennsylvania, April 6, 1994, 1995:5.59

Pennsylvania, Oct. 21, 1994, 1995:5.60

Pennsylvania, Dec. 23, 1994, 1995:5.58

Pennsylvania, Feb. 12, 1995, 1996:5.92

Pennsylvania, May 24, 1997, 1998:5.49

Pennsylvania, Oct. 24, 1997, 1998:5.50

Pennsylvania, Mar. 22, 1998, 1999:5.50

Pennsylvania, Feb., 2002, 2003:5.75

Pennsylvania, Dec., 2002, 2003:5.75

Pennsylvania, Oct., 2003, 2004:5.68

Pennsylvania, Nov., 2003, 2004:5.70

Pennsylvania, Oct., 2004, 2005:5.57

South Carolina, Nov. 7, 1992, 1993:5.64

South Carolina, May 23, 1993, 1994:5.96

South Carolina, Nov. 13, 1993, 1994:5.102

South Dakota, May 8, 1990, 1991:4.66

Tennessee, March 9, 1991, 1992:4.67

Tennessee, March 31, 1992, 1993:5.62

Tennessee, Apr. 13, 1996, 1997:5.49

Tennessee, Oct. 5, 1999, 2000:5.58

Tennessee, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.77

Tennessee, Jan., 2003, 2004:5.69

Tennessee, Nov., 2005, 2006:5.61

Tennessee, March, 2006, 2007:5.57

Texas, Oct. 7, 1991, 1992:4.68

Texas, Feb. 2, 1995, 1996:5.92

Texas, July 22, 1995, 1996:5.92

Texas, Oct. 21, 1995, 1996:5.93

Texas, Oct. 26, 1998, 1999:5.53

Texas, July, 2000, 2001:5.76

Utah, Nov. 18, 1992, 1993:5.64

Vermont, Dec., 2005, 2006:5.62

Virginia, Sept. 10, 1995, 1996:5.99

Virginia, Jan. 20, 1996, 1997:5.50

Virginia, May 15, 1996, 1997:5.50

Virginia, July 8, 1996, 1997:5.51

Virginia, Nov. 19, 1997, 1998:5.46

Virginia, Dec. 25, 1998, 1999:5.51

Virginia, May, 2004, 2005:5.58

Washington, Dec. 17, 1992, 1993:5.66

Washington, Apr. 7, 1995, 1996:5.91

Washington, May 31, 1996, 1997:5.49

Washington, D. C., Jan. 7, 1993, 1994:5.97

West Virginia, March 7, 1993, 1994:5.96

West Virginia, Nov. 21, 1997, 1998:5.50

Wisconsin, March 13, 1990, 1991:4.66

Wisconsin, May 10, 1990, 1991:4.65

Wisconsin, Oct. 4, 1990, 1991:4.66

Wisconsin, April 22, 1991, 1992:4.68

Wisconsin, Feb. 28, 1996, 1997:5.49

Wisconsin, March 10, 1996, 1997:5.50

Wisconsin, Nov. 1, 1998, 1999:5.53

Wisconsin, July 10, 1999, 2000:5.58

DWELLING, VACANT, FIRES. See VACANT BUILDING FIRES

DWELLING-UNDER-CONSTRUCTION FIRES

California, 1993, 1994:3.27

Catastrophic, New Hampshire, Feb. 26, 1990, 1991:4.68

Illinois, 1990, 1991:3.27

Massachusetts, 1994, 1995:1.34

Pennsylvania, 1995, 1996:6.23

West Virginia, April, 2006, 2007:5.60

EARTHQUAKES AND SUBSEQUENT FIRES

Earthquake kits for home and car, 1995:3.55

How to react to quake, 1995:3.64

Japan, July 12, 1993, 1994:3.89

Methodology to deter and mitigate risk of earthquake-caused fires, 1994:3.82

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, earthquake provisions endorsed in International Building Code amendment cycle, 2007:4.32

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, includes revised earthquake protection standards, 2000:4.72

NFPA 5000, NFPA Building Code™, references best guidelines for natural disasters, 2001:4.42

Northridge, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994, 1995:3.52

Palace Hotel fire, San Francisco, Calif., 1906, 2000:4.70

San Francisco, Calif., Oct. 17, 1989, 1994:3.88

Seismic protection for sprinkler systems, 2005:1.58

EDITORIALS. See also FIRST WORD COLUMNS

Agreement for single model fire code is blueprint for progress, 1997:3.10

Back to fire safety basics, 1993:5.4

Call for consensus on NFPA standards, 1993:2.4

Cast a vote for fire safety, 1992:6.4

Children's sleepwear regulations threatened by proposed amendments, 1995:5.6

Connections, 1992:5.4

Constructive criticism from members keeps NFPA on toes, 1998:2.6

CPSC amendment of children's sleepwear standard opposed, 1996:4.6

Dedication to fire safety can save lives, 1997:1.8

Defining NFPA's mission for year 2000, 1994:5.4

Federal government as partner in code/standard development, 1996:6.6

Fire protection's future, 1992:1.4

Fire safe design for high-rise buildings, 1993:6.4

Fire safety: tough challenges, great rewards, 1994:1.4

Fire safety implications of home security systems, 1994:3.4

Fire safety knowledge is power, 1995:1.6

Firefighter fatalities, prevention of, 1991:4.4

Fireworks are too risky for amateurs, 2000:4.6

High technology's value for fire protection, 1992:2.4

Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition supports residential sprinklers, 1997:2.8

Homeowner responsibility for wildfire protection efforts, 1994:2.4

HUD turns to NFPA to update manufactured housing safety standards, 1998:6.6

Ignition-resistant cigarette legislation needs member support, 1999:4.6

Imagining more fire safety achievements, 1996:3.6

National Electrical Code celebrates 100th anniversary, 1995:3.6

National Fire-Incident Reporting System provides important data, 1995:2.6

National model building code, 1996:1.6

New Latin American Section part of NFPA's international outreach, 1997:5.8

NFPA, IAPMO to develop codes and standards for built environment, 1999:6.6

NFPA, International Code Council (ICC) end agreement to develop one U. S. fire code, 1998:3.8

NFPA, leading the way on codes and standards, 1991:6.4

NFPA, the old and the new, 1991:2.5

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code uses performance-based approach, 2000:1.6

NFPA 1710, Organization Deployment of Fire Suppression and NFPA 1720, Volunteer Fire Service Deployment focus on firefighter safety, 2000:5.6

NFPA commitment to Learn Not to Burn programs, 1993:4.4

NFPA develops long-range plan, 1993:3.4

NFPA enters the new millennium, 1999:1.6

NFPA faces stiff competition on international acceptance of codes, standards, 1997:4.8

NFPA has made great strides in developing consensus codes, 2000:6.6

NFPA joins fight against smoking, 1994:4.4

NFPA must balance tradition, transition, 1994:6.4

NFPA needs to educate people on home sprinkler system benefits, 1999:2.6

NFPA opposes any use of fireworks by consumers, 1999:3.8

NFPA responds to demands of global community, 1995:4.6

NFPA service to members, 1991:1.5

NFPA to develop Consensus Codes set, 2000:3.8

NFPA's new president, George D. Miller, 1992:3.4

NFPA's second century of service, 1996:2.6

NFPA's sense of mission, 1991:5.4

Partnerships between NFPA and others aid fire/life safety, 1999:5.6

A plumber's nightmare, 1992:4.4

Protecting NFPA copyrights and trademarks protects the NFPA's mission, 1998:4.6

Renewing our commitment to fire safety, 1993:1.4

Residential sprinkler systems need promotion to contractors, homeowners, 2000:2.6

Risk Watch, critical to child safety, deserves support, 1998:5.6

Risk Watch program addresses child safety issues, 1998:1.8

Sparky campaign and community fire safety, 1996:5.6

Using new ideas for fire safety, 1991:3.5

Values of publicity, perseverance in spreading NFPA message, 1997:6.8

EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCIES

Code enforcement keeps life loss low in educational occupancy fires, 2003:5.32

Fire alarm systems requirements, 2003:5.36

EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCY FIRES. See also COLLEGE BUILDING FIRES; SCHOOL FIRES

Day care center, Alabama, Jan. 11, 1999, 2000:5.59

EGRESS. See also DOORS; EVACUATION; EXITS

Blocked by furniture, stored goods in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.53

Building performance to foster correct occupant egress behavior, 1993:3.62

Building site plan needs exit discharge from exit to public way, 1998:5.22

Catastrophic fire victims took wrong turn in escape attempt, 1998:5.49

Disabilities, evacuation plans for people with, 2005:2.54

Elevators as means of egress, 1996:1.30

Establishing alternative egress/access paths at structural fire incidents, 2004:5.28

Evaluating occupant load for egress, 1994:1.14

Exit access, exterior exits, and exit discharge must be clear of obstructions, 1998:6.28

Inadequate, factor in fatal fire, 1992:6.77, 1993:1.29, 1993:2.44

Limited from second floor, factor in large-loss-of-life club fire, 1991:4.67

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, addresses egress path design issues, 2001:5.36

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Life Safety Code egress standards compared, 1993:5.45

Office building space rearrangement can affect egress, 2002:2.36

ELDERLY. See also ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES; HOUSING FOR ELDERLY FIRES

Fire deaths of elderly

Attempt to extinguish fire, 2005:5.26

Board and care facility fire, 1997:1.27

Candle ignites combustibles, 1999:6.19

Careless use of cigar as cause, 1998:5.15

Careless use of cigarette as cause, 1998:1.23, 1999:3.48, 1999:6.18, 2000:3.36, 2001:3.32

Careless use of smoking materials as cause, 2006:1.18

Causes and prevention, 1991:2.36

Clothing fire, 1996:3.39, 1997:1.25, 1998:2.16, 3.38, 1999:1.17, 1999:3.48, 1999:6.17

Electric space heater, dwelling fire, 2006:2.28

Escape slowed by age, dwelling fire, 2001:4.24

Faulty home repairs by homeowner, 1999:3.48

Kerosene fire, 1999:1.17

Leaking propane ignites, use of propane system as issue, 2004:5.14

LP-Gas explosion and fire, 1999:1.18

Man dies rescuing wife from fire, 1999:1.18

Oxygen machine use, 2000:3.36, 2001:3.32

Risk of fatalities higher for elderly, 1997:1.44

Statistics, 1999:4.112

Walker catches, opens gas valve, 2004:4.16

Fire department and elderly agencies focus on seniors' fire safety, 1994:3.13

Fire risk to elderly, statistics, 1996:2.104

NFPA joins other organizations to aid emergency preparedness of older Americans, 2006:6.11

Remembering When™ curriculum (See FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION)

Senior fire safety with Jonathan Winters, 1991:2.44

Smoke alarm signals to reduce older adult fire deaths, 2006:5.26

Smoke-alarm waking effectiveness among children and elderly research by U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2003:4.44

ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS

Bruce Power, Ontario, Canada, applies fire protection advances and NFPA 805 to plant design, 2003:3.90

NFPA 805, Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light Water Reactor Electric Generating Plants, fall meeting review, 2000:5.91

ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANT FIRES. See also NUCLEAR ENERGY PLANT FIRES; POWER PLANT FIRES

Alabama, Nov., 1991, 1992:6.76

Alabama, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

Arkansas, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.92

California, Jan. 10, 1990, 1991:6.76

California, Oct., 1993, 1994:6.92

California, 1998, 1999:4.22

California, March, 2003, 2004:6.56

Catastrophic

Indiana, Oct. 5, 1992, 1993:5.67

Kansas, Nov. 24, 1997, 1998:5.54

New Jersey, Dec. 25, 1992, 1993:5.67

Florida, July, 1992, 1993:6.82

Florida, Aug., 1995, 1996:6.72

Florida, June 30, 1997, 1998:6.91

Georgia, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

Hawaii, Jan., 2004, 2005:6.49

Illinois, April, 1994, 1995:6.102

Illinois, Nov., 1994, 1995:6.100

Illinois, Dec. 18, 1996, 1997:6.58

Illinois, 1998, 1999:6.95

Indiana, July, 1998, 1999:6.95

Kansas, Aug., 2000, 2001:6.64

Massachusetts, Oct., 2003, 2003:6.80

Michigan, Apr. 26, 1996, 1997:6.59

Michigan, Oct., 2003, 2004:6.56

Missouri, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

Montana, substation, July, 1998, 1999:6.95

New Jersey, Dec. 25, 1992, 1993:2.44, 1993:6.82

New York, May, 1992, 1993:6.82

New York, March, 1993, 1994:6.91

Ohio, Nov., 2005, 2006:6.75

Pennsylvania, July, 2002, 2003:6.79

South Carolina, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.100

Tennessee, Sept., 2002, 2003:6.79

Virginia, April, 2000, 2001:6.64

Virginia, Nov., 2003, 2004:6.57

Virginia, Jan., 2006, 2007:6.83

ELECTRIC MOTORS

Motor and motor-controller disconnect requirements, 1995:4.42

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Emergency lighting, Life Safety Code® requirements, 2005:6.28

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FIRES. See also HEATING-AND-COOKING EQUIPMENT FIRES

Air conditioner

Aftermarket plug/cord connection arcs, 2007:5.29

Cord arcs, ignites combustibles, 2007:5.29

Fan frozen, factor in fatal fire, 2004:3.20

Malfunction causes fatal fire, 1998:4.20

Power cord possibly ignites mattress, 2000:4.19

Short circuit or arc ignites plastic housing, 2004:3.22

Unit malfunctions, ignites plastic window blinds, 1999:4.21

Wiring overheats, ignites seal, 2004:4.17

Air-compressor ignites lubricating oil, 1992:6.79

Appliance ignites gas from broken riser, 2003:6.81

Arc welding sparks ignite stored carpet pads, 1993:1.26

Audio equipment malfunctions, ignites housing, 1996:5.93

Battery charger ignites clothing, 2002:5.82

Bearing box overheats on conveyor belt, ignites chaff and dust, 1993:6.83

Blower motor ignites, motor supports fail, 1999:5.21

Boat electrical system ignites gasoline, 1991:4.31

Book binding machine overheats, ignites glue, 1993:4.27

Cell phone in charging unit ignites toy, 2004:4.17

Cellular telephone plugged into AC adapter explodes, 2006:6.23

Christmas tree, artificial, electrical components malfunction, ignite club fire, 2003:4.16

Christmas tree lights

Bulb blows, ignites tree, 1994:6.34

Improperly spliced, ignite tree, 1994:6.90

Resistance heating ignites tree, 2004:6.16

Short circuit, ignites dwelling fire, 2007:6.80

Short circuit, ignites tree, 1995:6.36

Clothes dryer

Accumulated lint ignites, 2004:5.14

Arcs, ignites lint, 2001:5.24

Clothing in dryer ignites, 2003:2.22

On cold porch, continual operation ignites lint, 2006:6.24

Feed cable in contact with appliance housing, arcs, ignites fire, 1999:1.17

Heat ignites lint in exhaust duct, 1993:3.36, 2002:5.20

Heat ignites oily mops in dryer, 2001:5.26

Ignites nursing home fire, 1996:2.25

Improperly vented, heat source ignites lint, 2000:5.59

Malfunction prevents heating element from cooling, 2000:1.19

Motor malfunction overheats, ignites clothing, carpet, 2006:5.28

Overloaded, ignites clothing in and near dryer, 2007:6.20

Power cord short circuits at splice, ignites combustibles, 2001:5.75

Clothes iron, unattended, ignites wooden table, other combustibles, 1996:5.26

Coffee maker

Cord shorts, ignites wall covering, 1997:2.22

Defective, ignites stored materials, 1997:4.21

Malfunctions, ignites cabinets, 2001:1.21

Coffeepot ignites paper products, 1992:2.25

Compressor malfunctions, overheats, ignites wood construction, 1997:3.29

Cooler/freezer controls malfunction, ignite restaurant fire, 1996:3.35

Cooling unit overheats, ignites insulation, 1999:6.90

Cord

Appliance, damaged, ignites cord insulation, 2000:2.21

Appliance, pinched, ignites bedding, 2006:2.26, 28

Appliance, short circuits, ignites fire, 2005:1.16

Damaged, ignites carpet, 1994:5.28

Damaged, ignites dwelling fire, 2001:3.34

Damaged, ignites wooden cabinet, carpet, 2000:3.34

Fails, ignites bedding, 2005:6.18

Improperly modified, overheats, causes short circuit, 1995:5.60

Improperly spliced to air conditioner overheats, ignites combustibles, 1998:3.41

Of lamp, short-circuits, ignites sofa, 1999:2.23

Malfunctioning, ignites catastrophic fire, 2003:5.75

Overheats, ignites carpet, 1992:3.32

Overloaded, shorts, ignites sofa, 1997:3.29

Pinched, overloaded, ignites combustibles, 2002:1.20

Spliced to power heater, ignites carpet, 1999:6.19

Corn popper ignites wood paneling, 1994:5.95

Curling iron, left on, ignites counter, carpet, 1994:5.27

Dimmer switch, overloaded, ignites wall insulation, 1994:2.30

Drop light

Falls to floor, ignites gasoline puddle, 2001:5.78

Incandescent bulb ignites leaked fuel, 1997:6.23

Trash ignited by, 1991:2.31

Drying machine overheats, ignites pet food, 1994:3.29

Electrical component in sauna unit short-circuits, ignites wood partitions, 1993:6.79

Electrical service equipment failure, explosion ignites furniture, 2002:5.22

Elevator transformer overheats, ignites oil, 1996:5.26

Emergency light ignites stored clothing, 1992:2.27

Energized device on boat ignites combustibles, 2003:6.78

Extension cord

Arcs, ignites bedding, 2006:4.26

Damaged by cabinet, ignites carpet, 2004:2.18

Damaged by chair, overloaded, ignites chair, sofa, 2007:5.58

Damaged by forklift traffic, ignites spilled glue, 1998:4.20

Damaged by stored spools, arcs, ignites spools, boxes, 2003:6.16

Defective, ignites Christmas tree, 1992:6.28

Electrical fault ignites stored combustibles, paneling, 1997:5.50

Failed, ignites carpeting, 1995:6.37

Failed, ignites combustibles, 1996:5.92

Fire in area of, 2005:2.18

Ignites Christmas tree, 2006:6.20

Ignites clothes, chair, 2000:5.58

Joined to heater cord, overheats, ignites living room contents, 1994:5.96

Overheats, ignites cardboard combustibles, 1997:4.22

Overheats, ignites catastrophic fire, 2003:5.75

Overheats, ignites plastic garland, 1994:6.35

Overheats, ignites wooden box, firewood, 2007:4.28

Short circuits, breaks, ignites packaging material, 2007:3.23

Short circuits, ignites couch, 2004:5.18, 2007:5.58

Spliced together, run under carpet, ignite fatal fire, 2004:3.20

Used for space heater, creates high-resistance fault, ignites combustibles, 1998:5.46

Extension cord, overloaded

Carpeting ignited by, 1992:4.67, 2003:1.14

Christmas tree ignited by, 1993:5.64, 1994:6.33

Clothing, toys ignited by, 1997:5.51

Combustibles ignited by, 1996:5.93, 1998:4.19, 2002:6.22

Curtains ignited by, 1996:5.92

Door frame ignited by, 1991:4.65

Fabric ignited by, 1991:4.26

Fire ignited by, 1992:4.69

Possible fire cause, 1998:5.18

Shorts or arcs, ignites combustibles, 1997:5.51

Exterior lights

Combustible exterior sidewall ignited by, 1993:1.25

Fixture possible manufacturing plant fire cause, 2003:4.16

Fixture used inside ignites carpet, flooring, 1997:6.22

Short circuit ignites roofing material, 2001:2.20

Fan

Attic, ignites concentrated fumes, 2003:6.79

Ceiling, wiring dislodged, arced, ignites stored paper, 2002:4.18

Ceiling exhaust fan, possible fire cause, 2005:2.28

Improperly wired, causes grounding through ducts, ignites wood, 1995:5.35

Light motor short circuit, possible fire cause, 2001:2.23

Malfunctions, ignites carpeting and chair, 2006:4.27

Malfunctions, ignites dry wood, 1995:6.99

Malfunctions, ignites dust, 1996:5.23

Motor overheats, ignites plastic trim, 1995:5.33

Short circuit ignites grease, 1995:6.106

Short circuit ignites wood framing, 1991:6.25

Worn bearings freeze fan, wiring overheats, 2005:5.26

Floodlights

Cold air balloon ignited by, 1994:6.35

Paint tarpaulins ignited by, 1994:4.30

Fluorescent light ballast

Foam insulation ignited by, 1992:1.26

Overheats, ignites ceiling tiles, 1996:5.25

Overheats, ignites fabric lint, 1997:3.33

Overheats, ignites stored film and paper, 2006:6.73

Overheats, ignites structural members, 1993:2.22

Short circuit ignites storeroom, 2006:6.73

Wood framing ignited by, 1995:2.32

Fluorescent light fixture melts, ignites boxes, 2004:1.16

Generator ignites cardboard, 1991:2.30

Generators, portable, safe use of, 2000:2.96, 2006:6.16

Glue gun ignites fireworks factory fire, 1991:4.30

Gondola motor overheats, ignites carbon brushes, 1994:3.28

Heat gun

Unattended, ignites combustibles, 2000:2.22

Wood and dust ignited by, 1999:5.21

Heat tape

Malfunctions, ignites PVC piping, 1993:1.28

Structural members ignited by, 1991:5.28

Wood eaves ignited by, 1992:1.23

Heating blanket short-circuits, ignites, 1994:3.30

Heating element ignites dip tank, 1994:6.36

Hot tub malfunctions, ignites spa, wall, curtains, 1996:3.36

Lamp

Arcs, ignites combustibles, 2005:5.59

Cloth ignited by, 1991:4.25, 26

Clothing draped on lamp ignited, 1994:6.33, 2003:5.16

Cord short-circuits, ignites sofa, 1999:2.23

Cord short-circuits, ignites sofa and curtains, 2003:1.15

Halide, explodes, ignites cardboard, 1998:6.87

Halogen, ignites curtains, 1998:1.23, 2003:6.14

Halogen, ignites fatal dwelling fire, 2000:1.20

Heat, ignites straw, feed, 2004:6.21

Heat, ignites wood lining of boat engine room, 1991:6.26

Knocked over, ignites carpet in fatal fire, 1998:2.16

Light, for automobile repair, breaks, ignites vapors, 2000:5.23

Light, portable, ignites flammable liquid, 1991:2.30

Light bulb

Explodes, ignites combustibles, 1991:5.25

Halide bulb, broken, ignites stored paper, 2003:6.77

Mop ignited by, 1993:2.20

Light fixtures

Arc ignites bedding, 2006:4.28

Arc ignites fire, 1995:5.54

Arc ignites stage curtain, 2005:1.14

Backdrop ignited by, 2002:6.22

Cardboard boxes ignited by, 1999:6.94

Fluorescent, ballast arcs, ignites insulation, 2003:2.24

Fluorescent, malfunction ignites paint spray booth, 2001:3.36

Fluorescent, sparks ignite fire, 2000:6.85

Halogen light ignites walnut dust at movie set, 2005:6.49

Halogen lighting connection fails, ignites combustibles, 2003:5.14

Mercury vapor fixture ignites stored mattresses, 1995:4.39

Short circuit, ignites combustibles, 2007:6.82

Sodium fixture hit by forklift, hot pieces ignite cardboard boxes, 1999:6.90

Sparks ignite cardboard and plastic materials, 2007:6.78

Stored combustibles ignited by, 1996:6.68

Stored foam products ignited by, 1998:1.25

Stored paper ignited by, 1994:6.94

Structural members ignited by, 2000:6.93

Lights, decorative, ignite Christmas tree, 1991:6.24

Lights, decorative, short circuit, ignite combustibles, wood paneling, 2007:5.60

Lights, temporary, fall onto plastic container, ignite cover, 2004:3.18

Lights, temporary, ignite building-under-renovation fire, 2005:6.45

Mixer cord pulled from receptacle, arcs, ignites lint, 1997:3.33

Motor and wiring malfunction ignites combustibles, 2001:2.24

Motor malfunctions, overheats, ignites leaked oil, 1997:3.33

Neon sign

Malfunctions, ignites fire in wall void, 2004:4.19

Short circuits, ignites siding, 2000:5.23

Office equipment malfunctions, ignites combustibles, 2003:1.14

Outlet

Arcs, ignites bed, 1998:5.45

Malfunctions, ignites fatal dwelling fire, 2007:4.24

Overheated, ignites manufacturing plant fire, 1997:6.52

Packaging machine malfunctions, ignites combustible materials, 1993:6.29

Power strip

Damaged, ignites boat fire, 2003:3.20

Malfunctions, ignites bench, computers, 1999:2.25

Overheated, ignites combustibles, 2005:6.45

Overheated, ignites couch, window treatments, 2004:5.68

Overloaded, arced, ignite fire, 2002:1.19

Overloaded, melts plastic wires, ignites carpet, combustibles, 2001:6.21

Overloaded, overheats cord, ignites cabinets, 2001:6.23

Power transfer equipment fire, electric generating plant, 1997:6.59

Production equipment malfunctions, ignites combustibles, 1995:6.107

Pump arcs, ignites fuel, 1994:5.106, 1994:6.98

Quartz lighting ignites oil, 1994:6.94

Radio cord

Cabinet ignited by, 1992:6.29

Short-circuits, ignites rugs, curtains, newspapers, 1994:1.31

Refrigerator

Cord short circuits, ignites fire, 2005:1.16

Malfunction, possible fire cause, 1999:2.25, 2002:5.22

Motor overheats, ignite combustibles, 2007:5.57

Motor overheats, ignite wire insulation, 2006:6.73

Motor seizes, ignites, 2003:2.24

Wood paneling, counter top ignited by, 1992:6.31

Soda machine motor malfunctions, overheats, ignites insulation, 2003:3.14

Soldering gun ignites oil on cord, 1993:5.37

Soldering iron ignites oil-, shellac-soaked workbench, 2007:4.24

Sound equipment malfunction possible fire cause, 2002:2.26

Spotlight ignites wood shingles, 1997:1.27

Surge protector malfunctions, ignites combustibles, wood paneling, 1998:5.45

Surgical cauterizing pen ignites sterile drapes, 1998:5.17

Toaster, fire started in, 1998:6.90

Unspecified equipment failure produced heat, ignites combustibles in basement, 1998:5.49

UPS systems, fighting fires in, 1994:5.33

Vacuum cleaner ignites gasoline vapors, 1992:5.28

Waffle iron ignites workbench, 1991:3.25

Wall receptacle malfunctions, ignites bed and bedding, 1994:2.28

Waste-handling machine overheats, ignites fiber residue, 1992:5.30

ELECTRICAL FIRES

Bus bar malfunctions, ignites hotel fire, 1994:2.29

Capacitator discharges, spark ignites varnish in dip tank, 1997:6.52

Catastrophic fire cause, 2002:5.82

Circuit overload

Room contents ignited by, 1999:5.55

School fire ignited by, 1998:1.21

Conduit

Penetrated by screw, ignites fire, 1995:6.99

In wall void ignites wood siding, 1994:5.28

Control panel box, possible fire source, 1999:6.95

Cord cap, incompletely inserted in receptacle, exposed blades energize metallic drapes, 1999:3.44

Distribution line arcs, ignites grass fire, 1997:6.59

Electric panel

Arc sparks fatal explosion, 2005:6.22

Arcs, ignites wood cage, combustibles, 1997:6.22

Box and entrance meter, fire began at, 1999:5.51

Box line fault ignites wood frame, 2001:5.22

Damaged by roof collapse, arcs, ignites combustibles, 1997:1.28

Malfunction ignites laundry room fire, 2005:5.58

Malfunction ignites warehouse fire, 2001:6.62

System not adequately grounded, overheats, ignites wood sheathing, 2004:6.16

Electrical arc

480-volt line arc ignites fatal fire, 1999:2.26

Cable tray ignites dust and cable insulation, 1999:6.95

Caused by water in electrical system, ignites ceiling tiles, 1997:6.49

In computer monitor ignites computer housing, 2006:1.20

In conduit, ignites mineral oil, 2004:6.56

Conduit/busway contact ignites stored combustibles, 1998:6.24

Electrical system arc ignites unknown items, 2007:5.57

Energizes metal siding, hampers fire service operations, 2001:5.26

Fault-circuit interrupter requirement for bedrooms targets residential fires, 2000:2.69

Flammable gas ignited by, 1992:6.28

Gasoline ignited by, 2007:4.21

Ground fault created by switch, 1998:5.54

Ground vegetation ignited by, 2007:6.81

Hydrogen ignited by, 1995:6.102

Lacquer thinner came in contact with electrical outlet, 2000:6.92

Lint ignited by, 1999:6.94

Sawdust ignited by, 1999:6.90

Structural framing ignited by, 2007:2.22

Wall switch arcs, ignites stored linen, 2006:3.32

Wiring splice, arc from, onto metal raceway melts slag, 2000:3.32

Wood floor joist ignited by, 1999:5.52

Electrical cable to recharge batteries overheats, ignites foam insulation, 2000:6.94

Electrical failure causes fire, 1993:1.26

Electrical failure during blackout ignites blast furnace fire, 2004:6.52

Electrical heat source ignites stored clothing, 2000:6.91

Electrical malfunction, probable board and care facility fire cause, 2007:5.60

Electrical service circuit protection fails, arcing ignites cable insulation, 1992:6.78

Electrical system failure ignites ceiling, 1994:6.95

Exterior-mounted box, fire started in, 2004:6.17

Fault in control cable causes generating plant fire, 1995:6.100

Fault in transformer vault ignites generating station, 1994:6.91

Forklift control arcs, ignites pentane, 1991:6.26

Friction sparks ignite nylon fluff and oil, 1993:6.82

Fuses with incorrect current rating, excessive overcurrent protection, ignite fire, 1999:4.20

Ground, absence of, key element in fire, 1995:5.35

Ground fault arc and explosion ignites fire, 1992:6.78

Heat trace cable ignites wood framing, 1996:6.24

High-power electrical line hit by construction equipment, arcs, ignites tree, brush, 2001:6.63

High-voltage box malfunctions, burns plastic insulation, 1996:3.40

Improper electrical alteration, catastrophic fire cause, 2001:5.75

Improper electrical alteration, fatal fire cause, 2001:5.75

Junction box, fire in area of, 2004:3.22

Junction box fault ignites wood paneling, 1997:5.50

Light switch with poor connection overheats, ignites combustibles, 2000:3.38

On/off switch malfunctions, probable fire cause, 1991:1.30

Outlet, duplex, malfunctions, ignites combustibles, wooden walls, 2000:1.21

Outlet on workbench malfunctions, ignites manufacturing plant fire, 1999:6.91

Power line

Downed, arcs, electrocutes fire fighter, 1997:4.57

Downed, ignites grass, 2007:5.62, 6.80

Downed cross arm arcs, sparks, ignites grass, 2007:6.81

High-voltage line arcs, ignites bus, 1992:4.26

Short circuit, arcing, ignite dry vegetation, 1991:6.74

Power supply to machinery malfunctions, ignites rolled paper, 1996:6.62

Receptacle

Arcs, ignites bedding, 1997:5.52

Catastrophic fire originated at, spread to paneling, 2004:5.68

Overloaded, arcs, ignites decorative materials, 1999:5.22

Wiring overheats, wire insulation fails, 1998:3.38

Residential fires, causes of, 2000:2.70

Service cable, damaged, ignites structural members, 1996:5.93

Short circuit

In appliance ignites fabric, 1998:6.92

Arc ignites mine fire, 1992:6.77

Arcing from power lines, ignites dry vegetation, 1991:6.74

Automobile fire possibly ignited by, 1995:2.31

Barn fire ignited by, 1996:2.25

In battery ignites subway car, 1991:4.31

In battery ignites truck, shed, 1992:6.26

In breaker box ignites fire, 2000:5.57

Burns hole in conduit, ignites rafters, 1994:4.31

In ceiling above audiovisual room, 2006:6.74

Created by switch, 1998:5.54

Cubicle walls, materials on, ignited by, 2003:6.15

In dryer motor ignites sawdust, 1993:6.83

In dumbwaiter wiring ignites fire, 2006:4.28

In electric raceway ignites counter, 1993:1.26

In electrical cord ignites sofa, 1997:3.29

In extension cord, breaks, ignites packaging material, 2007:3.23

In extension cord, ignites couch, 2007:5.58

In extension cord ignites Christmas tree, 1992:6.28

In extension cord ignites van fire, 1993:1.28

In fan ignites grease, 1995:6.106

In fan ignites wood framing, 1991:6.25

In fixed wiring ignites structural members, ceiling, floor, 1993:1.27

In freezer cord ignites stored paper products, 1998:6.21

In heat tape ignites insulation, 2001:4.20

Ignites fatal dwelling fire, 2007:6.18

Ignites plastic toys in store fire, 2007:2.17

In junction box ignites stored goods, 1993:4.26

In lamp cord ignites sofa, 1993:6.28

Light ballast material ignited by, 1991:3.29

In light fixture ignites combustibles, 2007:6.82

In lighting, sound equipment ignites fire, 1992:6.25

In lights ignites Christmas tree, 1993:6.28, 1995:6.36

In lights ignites combustibles, wood paneling, 2007:5.60

In lights ignites dwelling fire, 2007:6.80

In line ignites underground electrical vault, 1991:4.69

In low-voltage wiring ignites beams, 1996:1.24

In neon sign ignites mixed-use building, 1993:6.81

Plywood wall ignited by, 1995:6.107

In refrigerator cord ignites dwelling fire, 2005:1.16

School fire ignited by, 1998:1.21

In sign wiring ignites hotel facade, 1998:5.16

In switchgear area ignites flammable gas, 2006:6.75

In typewriter ignites plastic housing, 1991:5.25

Wall covering ignited by, 1998:6.92

In wall outlet, ignites catastrophic fire, 2003:5.75

In wall receptacle ignites wall paneling, 1993:5.62

In wiring ignites artificial Christmas tree, 1993:6.28

In wiring ignites structure, 2006:6.24

In wiring ignites synthetic fabric dust, 1998:6.84

Wood framing ignited by, 1993:6.30, 1997:5.49

Wood structural members ignited by, 2004:6.55, 56

Wooden wharf parts ignited by, 1999:6.96

Sparks, caused by (See SPARKS)

Static electricity ignites paint, 1993:5.38

Temporary electrical system malfunctions, ignites fire, 1998:6.24

Transformer

Arcs, ignites oil, 1994:6.92

Equipment short-circuited by water leak into busway, 1999:2.24

Failure ignites substation fire, 2004:6.56

Fault leads to explosion, ignites mineral oil, 2004:6.57

Malfunctions, ignites building overhang, 2006:1.20

Underground feed lines penetrated by augur, cause short circuit, 1995:6.100

Uninterrupted power supply unit ignites fire, 1995:2.30

Wiring

Arcs as power is restored after fire, ignites second fire, 1997:6.54

Cloth-covered, malfunctions, ignites wood framing, 1995:5.62

Connections corrode, arc, ignite framing, 1997:3.30

Defective, ignites fire, 1993:2.22

Exposed, ignites leaking gasoline, 2002:4.18

Fault in, ignites framing, 1997:5.23, 2005:4.18

Fault in, ignites stage and orchestra pit, 2006:4.29

Fault in, ignites wall paneling, 1996:5.93

Faulty, ignites fire, 2000:5.58

Fire ignited by, 1995:4.40

Grounds out on conduit, ignites soffit, 1998:6.86

Improperly altered, catastrophic fire cause, 2001:5.75

Inadequately sized, ignites wall, 1991:4.67

Installed incorrectly, heat nails, ignite joist, 1998:5.15

Installed incorrectly, ignites insulation, 1994:4.32

Insulation ignited by, 1994:4.29

Joist ignited by, 1992:3.34

Knob-and-tube wiring fails, ignites attic fire, 2006:2.24

Malfunction, possible fire cause, 2007:4.25

Malfunction ignites fire, 1992:4.67, 2004:1.17

Malfunction ignites wood-frame members, 2007:5.31

Malfunction in concealed space ignites fire, 1995:5.56

Overheats, ignites structural wood, 1996:2.24

Overheats in concealed space, ignites structural framing, 1998:2.19

Overloaded, factor in catastrophic fire, 1997:5.51

Overloaded, ignites wood framing, 1995:5.56

Overloaded or damaged, ignites wood framing, 1993:5.64

Short-circuits, ignites insulation, 1994:3.27

Short-circuits, ignites warehouse fire, 2007:6.77

Short-circuits, ignites wood framing, 1992:4.68

In storage area ignites fire, 1999:4.22

Systemic problem leads to arc or overheating, 2005:5.28

Transformer connection, incorrect, heats housing, ignites cardboard, 1998:4.22

U. S. cable/wire manufacturers promote NEC over IEC as European standard, 1998:4.64

Unsecured, in fuse panel, creates resistance, ignites wall, 1999:5.52

From utility pole ignites vehicle after accident, 1996:5.100

Wrapped on nail ignites joist, 1991:3.27

ELECTRICAL INSPECTIONS

Budget cutback threaten inspections, 1996:6.80

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Aging electrical infrastructure impacts electrical fire safety, 2006:2.22

Arc fault-circuit interrupter requirement for bedrooms targets residential fires, 2000:2.69

Arc fault-circuit interrupters required in dwelling unit bedrooms, 2001:2.31

Experts answer questions on National Electrical Code, 1996:1.28

Firefighter injured by electric shock, 1999:6.52, 2001:6.54

Grounding, bonding of sprinkler piping, 2000:1.72

Human behavior influences number/frequency of incidents, 2000:1.62

National Electrical Grounding Research Project, 2006:2.22

NFPA 70E, Electrical Safety in the Workplace, PPE requirements, 2006:6.100

NFPA and IEEE program to better define arc flash hazards for workers, 2006:5.22

ELECTRICAL SAFETY COLUMNS

Alarm systems ensure safe elevator recall, 1993:3.28

Boat repair safety requirements for wiring, equipment, 1995:5.40

Electrical standards go global, 1994:1.34

Ensuring electrical safety in workplaces, 1994:4.35

Excessive fault current prevention, 1992:2.80

Fighting fires in UPS systems, 1994:5.33

Fire investigation safety precautions, 1992:3.38

Grounding equipment to protect people and equipment, 1994:3.36

Grounding of electrical systems, historical arguments for/against, 1994:2.32

Harmonics and power quality, 1993:4.30

Holiday lighting hazards, 1995:6.42

Main service disconnect, National Electrical Code terms and requirements, 1991:6.88

Motor and motor-controller disconnect requirements, 1995:4.42

National Electrical Code, and the global marketplace, 1991:3.120

National Electrical Code prevents hot tub, spa accidents, 1992:4.22

National Electrical Code work space requirements for energized electrical equipment, 1995:1.37

NFPA 72, Protective Signaling Systems, combines previous standards, 1991:5.86

NFPA 72, UL alarm standards work together, 1993:5.24

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1991:1.116

Portable tool safety, 1994:6.38

Residential electrical system reinspection, 1991:2.112

Resistance-type heat tape installation to prevent frozen water pipes, 1995:3.45

Service-entrance conductors protect against overloads, 1992:1.72

Sprinklers installed over energized electrical and electronic equipment, 1993:6.31

Staying safe around high-voltage equipment, 1995:2.34

Who interprets the NEC?, 1992:5.12

Workplace safety procedures are important, 1993:2.28

ELECTROCUTION

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1994:4.65, 1996:4.72, 1997:4.57, 58, 1998:4.61, 1999:4.57, 70, 2000:4.61, 2001:4.77, 2006:4.59, 2007:4.69

Firefighter injuries related to, 2000:6.47, 2001:6.54, 2003:1:65

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT. See COMPUTERS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT

ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

Fire protection for, 1992:2.32

ELEVATOR MECHANICAL ROOMS

Motor malfunctions, ignites leaked oil, 1997:3.33

ELEVATORS

Alarm systems ensure safe recall, 1993:3.28

ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators task groups addressed fire-related elevator safety issues, 2006:2:42

Bulk storage (grain), catastrophic fire, Indiana, Oct. 1, 1996, 1997:5.52

Bulk storage (grain), fire, Alberta, Canada, 1996, 1997:4.20

Elevator recall and shut down requirements increase safety, 1997:5.64

Fire spread through shafts, 1994:5.104

Fires, standard operating procedures for use by firefighters during, 2001:4.28

Grain elevator fire and explosion, Kansas, June 8, 1998, 1999:5.54, 1999:6.92

Means of egress, use as, 1996:1.30

Safe use as vertical exits, overview, 1993:3.49

Transformer overheats, ignites hospital fire, 1996:5.26

Workers trapped in stalled elevator in catastrophic fire, 1997:5.52

EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS. See also FIRE SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS

Ham radio operators' role, 1996:2.46

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT. See also BUSINESS CONTINUITY; DISASTER RESPONSE; EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEMS

Basics of mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery, 1995:4.44

Drill, Logan International Airport, Boston, Mass, 1991:2.54

Drill, plane crash simulation at Hancock Tower high-rise, Boston, 1993:6.35

Federal program trains first responders for terrorist attacks, 1998:6.31

Health care occupancies need pre-incident plans, 2004:1.22

Hospital's plan effective in actual emergency, 1997:3.88

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, 2007 edition, available at no cost, 2007:3.20

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, is important tool for response and recovery, 2002:4.88

NFPA Emergency Response Planning Workshop, 2002:5.14

Nuclear power plant emergency plan activated for fire, 2004:1.16

Oklahoma City bombing, April 19, 1995, 1995:4.51

Planning for petrochemical plant emergency, 2002:6.28

Prefire planning, inspections aids in actual fire attack, 1998:1.21

Six-part process for emergency planning, 1993:1.22

Terrorist attacks, preparation for, 1996:1.54, 1996:2.35

Terrorist response training funded by Domestic Preparedness Act, 1998:1.38

EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE

Certification requirements, encouraging total staff participation when upgrading, 2002:4.36

Fairfax County, Va., Fire and Rescue Department response to CIA shooting incident, 1994:1.77

Fire service public service programs, 1995:1.70

Firefighter injuries related to, 1996:6.108, 1999:6.52, 54, 2004:6.65, 2005:6.56

NFPA 1710, Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments, annual meeting review, 2001:2.80

NFPA 1720, Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Volunteer Fire Departments, annual meeting review, 2001:2.80

NFPA Technical Committee develops EMS System Guidelines, 2002:4.54

Patient ignites flash fire in ambulance, 1999:6.20

Report indicates high number of U. S. fire service calls for medical help, 2005:3.16

User fees implemented to recover cost of services, 1997:2.66

EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEMS. See also DISASTER RESPONSE

Analysis and enhancement of system, Vancouver, Wash., 1991:1.78

E911 fails in telephone exchange fire, 1995:5.109

How to upgrade existing systems, 1994:2.62

NFPA and NIOSH form emergency responder safety alliance, 2006:1:11

Northridge, Calif. earthquake, Jan. 17, 1994, 1995:3.52

ENVIRONMENT

Emergency response information required from fire service by Environmental Protection Agency, 1999:4.34

Fire and the environment, 1991:1.34

"Green" corporate headquarters protected with performance-based design, computer fire models, 2005:2.40

Hazardous materials incident response to mitigate environmental damage, 1991:1.112

NFPA report on foam and environment, 1995:3.67

Run-off controlled in automobile repair shop fire, 1997:5.23

Tire fire pollutes environment, 1991:1.50

ESCAPE. See also EGRESS; EVACUATION; EXITS

Families plan, but don't practice, escape, NFPA survey shows, 2005:2.14

Fire Prevention Week 2007 theme: practice your escape plan, 2007:4.16, 5.44, 46

Truck fire, unsuccessful, 2004:5.73

Vehicle fire, unsuccessful, 2004:5.73

EUROPEAN COMMUNITY

Product testing standards, 1992:5.45

EVACUATION. See also FIRE DRILLS

Adult congregate living facility, successful, 1995:6.35

Aircraft, successful, 1992:6.77, 1993:6.88, 2005:6.34

Airport emergency evacuation, applying NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® for, 2002:5.32

Apartment building, successful, 1996:1.22, 1997:5.22, 2001:2.22, 4.23, 2003:3.16, 5.16, 2005:4.18, 6.18, 2006:6.22, 2007:1.18

Apartment building, unsuccessful, 2006:6.20

Apartment building, unsuccessful, occupant(s) called 911 prior to leaving, 2000:2.22

Assisted living facility, successful, 2002:2.24, 2003:6.12

Auto dealership, area surrounding, due to propane fire, successful, 1993:3.36

Board and care facility, successful, 1994:6.33, 1996:3.36

Board and care facility, unsuccessful, 1993:5.66, 1994:5.104, 1995:5.64, 1997:5.52, 1999:5.54, 2001:5.78, 2003:4.17, 2004:1.16, 5.71

Bus, electrically charged, successful, 1992:4.26

Chemical manufacturing plant, area surrounding, 2005:6.45

Chemical manufacturing plant, area surrounding, successful, 1995:5.66

Chemical storage building, area surrounding, successful, 2000:6.91

Community center, successful, 1997:5.23

Delayed evacuation of schools evaluated in Minnesota pilot project, 2003:5.42

Department store elevator, successful, 1997:3.33

Disabilities, evacuation plans for people with, 2005:2.54

Dormitory, successful, 1991:4.25, 2000:6.16, 2002:6.21, 2003:6.81, 2005:6.18

Dwelling, successful, 2001:3.36, 2005:2.18, 3.26

Dwelling, unsuccessful, 2002:2.22

Elderly housing, successful, 2005:5.32

Firefighter injuries related to, 2001:6.54

Food plant fire, unsuccessful, 1992:1.29

Food store, successful, 1993:6.29

Fraternity house, successful, 2003:5.16

Fraternity house, unsuccessful, 1997:6.21

Hazardous waste incinerator, successful, 1995:6.38

High-rise building, successful, 2004:5.14

High-rise building evacuation plans for people with disabilities, 2002:4.58

High-rise building evacuation procedures, Fire Protection Research Foundation survey of occupant knowledge of, 2007:5.34

High-rise building unconventional evacuation methods reviewed, 2003:6.46

High-rise office building complex (World Trade Center, N. Y.), 1994:5.104, 1994:6.90, 1995:2.59

9/11 evacuees share lessons learned, 2002:5.54

NFPA plans follow-up to 1993 fire evacuation report, 2001:6.40

High-rise speaker circuit survivability requirements, 2001:3.76

Hospital, successful, 1993:2.20, 1994:5.105, 1996:5.26, 1997:3.88, 1999:2.26, 2002:5.21, 2003:6.16

Hospital, to areas of refuge, successful, 2001:5.26

Hotel, successful, 1993:6.81, 2007:1.15

Housing for elderly, successful, 1991:3.25

Iron foundry, area surrounding, successful, 1997:6.50

Laundry facility, area surrounding, due to hazardous materials, successful, 1999:2.26

Limited-care facility, successful, 2003:4.17

Limited-care facility fire, unsuccessful, 1998:4.21

LP-Gas distribution facility, area surrounding, successful, 1997:4.20

Manufacturing plant, area surrounding, 2004:6.52

Manufacturing plant, area surrounding, successful, 1991:4.30, 1993:6.27, 2000:6.86, 2002:1.22

Manufacturing plant, successful, 1991:2.33, 1999:4.20

Medical research laboratory, successful, 1991:5.30

Meeting hall fire, firefighter evacuation, successful, 1998:1.21

Nursing home, combined with defend-in-place, 2004:3.22

Nursing home, successful, 1991:5.30, 1992:4.27, 1992:6.29, 1996:2.25, 1998:5.17, 2003:5.20, 2004:4.19, 5.14, 2006:4.28

Nursing home, unsuccessful, 2004:5.70

Office building, successful, 1992:5.28

Plastics manufacturing plant, area surrounding, due to toxic smoke, successful, 1994:6.93

Railroad collision and fire, area surrounding, 1998:6.91

Restaurant, successful, 1996:3.35, 1996:5.25, 1999:5.21, 1999:6.95, 2004:3.22, 2004:4.19

School, successful, 1992:2.25, 1992:4.27, 1992:6.29, 1993:3.33, 1994:5.28, 1997:2.23, 2003:5.20

School Emergency Evacuation Planning Checklist geared to teachers, administrators, staff, parents, and students, 2007:5.17

Schools, delayed evacuation, evaluated in Minnesota pilot project, 2003:5.42

Storage facility, area surrounding, successful, 2000:6.14, 2002:1.18

Storage facility, successful, 2006:1.16

Store(s), successful, 1991:1.29, 1997:4.22, 1999:6.94, 2002:4.16

Theater, successful, 1996:2.26, 1999:3.44, 2000:6.14

Warehouse, unsuccessful, 2004:5.72

Warehouse/retail showroom, successful, 1999:3.43

Wildland fire, 1994:2.85, 2004:6.55

Wildland/urban interface fire, 1994:5.108, 2004:5.72, 73, 6.55, 2007:5.62, 6.80

EWELL, P. LAMONT

Profile of, 1995:3.30

EXITS. See also DOORS; EGRESS; WINDOWS

Blocked

By burning chair, factor in fatal fire, 1998:2.18

By burning mattress, 2006:2.26

By burning mattress, factor in fatal fire, 1992:5.25

By burning sofa, factor in fatal fire, 2007:2.20

Catastrophic dwelling fire, factor in, 1991:4.66

Catastrophic food processing plant, factor in, 1992:4.70

By chair, factor in catastrophic fire, 1994:5.102

By fire, factor in catastrophic fire, 1994:5.100, 1997:5.50, 1998:5.45, 5.50, 2004:5.69, 6.16, 2007:5.59

By fire, factor in fatal fire, 1997:1.27, 4.20, 1998:3.36, 2004:5.18, 2006:6.24, 2007:4.25, 28, 6.19

By furniture, factor in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.67, 1993:5.62, 1995:5.59

By furniture, factor in fatal fire, 2006:6.24

By refrigerator, factor in fatal fire, 1998:3.38

By security bars (See SECURITY PROVISIONS)

By water, crash damage, factor in catastrophic aircraft fire, 1993:5.68

Building site plan needs exit discharge from exit to public way, 1998:5.22

Directional sound used to indicate exits, 2005:3.50

Elevators as safe vertical exits, overview, 1993:3.49

Emergency lighting, Life Safety Code® requirements, 2005:6.28

Exit access, exterior exits, and exit discharge must be clear of obstructions, 1998:6.28

Exit lights covered, factor in fatal fire, 2007:6.17

Exit sign placement and lighting requirements, 2006:1.28

Inadequate egress routes, factor in fatal fire, 1998:5.16

Inadequate exit arrangements, factor in catastrophic fire, 1994:1.42, 1997:5.54

Lack of second exit, factor in catastrophic fire, 1993:5.66

Locked

Catastrophic manufacturing plant fire, factor in, 1992:4.70

Catastrophic vacant dwelling fire, factor in, 1991:4.68

Conflict between security and fire safety, 1994:3.110

Hamper escape in catastrophic dwelling fire, 1991:4.64

Hamper escape in fatal apartment fire, 1991:4.26

Hamper fire fighting operations in shopping mall fire, 1991:1.29

Large loss of life club fire, factor in, 1991:4.67

Large loss of life manufacturing plant fire, factor in, 1994:1.48, 1994:3.110

NFPA "Great Escape" promotes home fire drills and escape plans, 1998:3.74, 4.32

Propped open, 1997:4.19

School exits require balancing fire safety and security needs, 1998:3.46

Secured, factor in catastrophic vacant club fire, 1991:4.68

Single exit from apartment, factor in catastrophic fire, 1998:5.49, 2007:5.58

EXPLOSION SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

Disabled, not a factor in explosion, 1995:6.103

EXPLOSIONS. See also BLEVE

Camping trailer, North Carolina, 2006, 2007:5.25

Catastrophic

Apartment building fire cause, Pennsylvania, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Fireworks truck, Florida, July, 2003, 2004:5.73

Fireworks warehouse, Texas, July, 2003, 2004:5.72

Manufacturing plant, Alabama, May 11, 1999, 2000:5.60

Manufacturing plant, Massachusetts, Feb. 25, 1999, 2000:5.60

Manufacturing plant fire cause, Indiana, Oct., 2001, 2002:5.82

Nursing home, Michigan, Nov. 10, 1999, 2000:5.59

Oil storage tank, Texas, April, 2003, 2004:5.71

Power plant, Aug. 14, 1999, 2000:5.60

Restaurant/apartment building, Minnesota, Dec. 11, 1998, 1999:5.55

Trailer fire cause, Texas, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Dwelling, Ohio, 2002, 2003:3.18

Dwelling, South Carolina, Aug. 13, 1999, 2000:6.93

Electric generating plant, Massachusetts, Oct., 2003, 2003:6.80

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2000:4.58

Firefighter injuries related to, 1996:6.107

Manufacturing plant, Kansas, Sept., 2002, 2003:5.18, 2003:6.77

Manufacturing plant, Louisiana, July 5, 1999, 2000:6.83

Manufacturing plant, Mississippi, May, 2002, 2003:5.75, 2003:6.77

Paper mill, Florida, April 13, 1994, 1995:5.66, 1995:6.106

Propane, 1991:3.27, 1997:3.33, 1999:3.43

Steel plant, Ohio, April 20, 1994, 1995:5.64

Tank, underground, South Carolina, 2004, 2005:3.30

EXPLOSIONS AND FIRES. See also GAS FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS; LP-GAS FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS

Acetylene generation and packaging plant, New Jersey, Jan., 2005, 2006:5.63

Aerosol container explodes, ignites dwelling fire, 1992:6.28

Aircraft in flight, Texas, Sept. 11, 1991, 1992:4.72

Aluminum manufacturing plant, Indiana, 2003, 2004:5.20, 6.21

Ammonium nitrate mixing plant, Minnesota, Nov. 17, 1993, 1994:5.105

Automobile insulation plant, Kentucky, Feb., 2003, 2004:5.71, 2004:6.52

Black powder manufacturing plant, Pennsylvania, May 15, 1991, 1992:4.71

Boat

Barge fire, Illinois, July 3, 1997, 1998:5.55

Barge fire, Louisiana, 1990, 1991:4.70

California, Nov. 16, 1991, 1992:4.73

Massachusetts, 1994, 1995:4.39

Nebraska, 1990, 1991:4.31

Ohio, May 9, 1993, 1994:5.106

Building-under-construction, Missouri, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.69

Camping trailer, Alabama, Dec. 6, 1997, 1998:5.56

Chemical fertilizer plant, Iowa, Dec. 13, 1994, 1995:5.66

Chemical packaging and storage facility, Arkansas, May 8, 1997, 1998:5.53

Chemical plant

Louisiana, May 1, 1991, 1992:4.70, 1992:6.75

Ohio, 1990, 1991:3.31

Ohio, May 27, 1994, 1995:5.66

Pennsylvania, Feb. 19, 1999, 2000:5.59

South Carolina, June 17, 1991, 1992:4.70, 1992:6.80

Texas, 1990, 1991:4.67

Texas, March, 1991, 1992:6.75

Texas, Dec. 2, 1999, 2000:6.83

Texas, March, 2000, 2001:6.61

Chemical refinery, Texas, Aug., 1995, 1996:6.64

Chemical storage building, Pennsylvania, Jan. 2, 1999, 2000:6.91

Compressed natural gas cylinder ruptures, 1994:4.30

Crude oil vapors, tank storage facility

Louisiana, 1990, 1991:4.68

Oklahoma, 1990, 1991:4.69

Dormitory, Wyoming, 2005, 2006:6.23

Dwelling, Massachusetts, 1996, 1997:6.20

Dwelling, Michigan, 2000, 2001:4.24

Electric generating plant(s)

Arkansas, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.92

California, 1998, 1999:4.22

Illinois, Nov., 1994, 1995:6.100

Illinois, Dec. 18, 1996, 1997:6.58

Indiana, July, 1998, 1999:6.95

Kansas, Nov. 24, 1997, 1998:5.54

Kansas, Aug., 2000, 2001:6.64

Missouri, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

New Jersey, Dec. 25, 1992, 1993:2.44, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.82

S. Carolina, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.100

Virginia, Nov., 2003, 2004:6.57

Explosives, coal mine, Kentucky, 1990, 1991:4.69

Explosives manufacturing plant, Nevada, Jan. 7, 1998, 1999:5.55

Fire station, Minnesota, 2004, 2005:1.14

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2004:4.54, 56

Fireworks display, New Hampshire, 1995, 1996:4.24

Fireworks in garage, Ohio, 1989, 1991:1.31

Fireworks plant

Michigan, Dec. 11, 1998, 1999:5.54

Mississippi, 1990, 1991:4.30

New Hampshire, 1992, 1993:3.35

Wisconsin, May 16, 1991, 1992:4.71

Fireworks truck, Florida, July, 2003, 2004:5.73

Fireworks truck, Kansas, Aug., 2005, 2006:5.63

Fireworks warehouse, Texas, July, 2003, 2004:5.72

Furniture store, Illinois, 2001, 2002:5.22

Gasoline pipeline, Washington, June 10, 1999, 2000:6.96

Gasoline vapor ignited by gas furnace, dwelling, Michigan, 1991, 1992:6.28

Grain dust at mill and storage facility, Washington, 1991, 1992:4.28

Grain elevator, Kansas, June 8, 1998, 1999:5.54, 1999:6.92

Hazardous waste incinerator, Arkansas, 1994, 1995:6.38

Hospital, Florida, 2004, 2005:6.22

Hydrogen storage tower at soap plant, 1989, 1991:5.30

Ice rink, Minnesota, 2005, 2006:1.22

Iron foundry, Illinois, May 1, 1996, 1997:6.50

Iron foundry and castings plant, Massachusetts, Feb. 25, 1999, 2000:6.85

LP-Gas bulk storage facility, Texas, April 7, 1992, 1993:5.67

Magnesium smelting operation, New Jersey, 1992, 1993:3.34

Manufacturing plant, Minnesota, Dec., 2004, 2005:6.46

Manufacturing plant, N. Carolina, Oct. 20, 1994, 1995:6.103

Metal building components manufacturing plant, Texas, Jan. 31, 1997, 1998:6.86

Metal foundry, Indiana, June 22, 1995, 1996:5.97

Methanol production plant, Texas, Oct., 1994, 1995:6.102

Model rocket manufacturing plant, Mar. 27, 1998, 1999:5.55

Motor vehicle assembly plant, Virginia, March, 2000, 2001:5.78, 2001:6.61

Munitions ship explosion, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Dec. 6, 1917, 1992:3.96

Natural gas well, Louisiana, Oct. 24, 1998, 1999:5.54

NFPA 921, Fire and Explosion Investigations, 2001 edition, changes in, 2001:4.58

Office building, Oklahoma City, April 19, 1995, 1995:4.51, 1996:1.50, 1996:5.94, 1996:6.69

Oil and natural gas drilling well, Louisiana, June 16, 1997, 1998:5.53, 6.91

Oil depot, Hertfordshire, England, Dec. 11, 2005, 2006:3.86

Oil refinery

Australia, Sept. 25, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:2.64

Ohio, Oct. 12, 1996, 1997:6.49

Pennsylvania, Oct. 16, 1996, 1996:5.96

Texas, 2004, 2005:2.18

Texas, March, 2005, 2006:5.62, 6.75

Oil separation storage tank, Louisiana, Mar. 4, 1998, 1999:5.55

Oil storage tank, Kentucky, July 2, 1993, 1994:5.104

Oil well, Ohio, Oct. 10, 1991, 1992:4.71

Paint plant, California, 1991, 1992:4.28

Paper and pulp products plant, Iowa, Feb., 1995, 1996:6.63

Pharmaceutical manufacturing plant, New Jersey, Apr. 21, 1995, 1996:5.94

Pharmaceutical manufacturing plant, North Carolina, Jan., 2003, 2004:5.71, 2004:6.52

Plastics manufacturing plant, Texas, June 23, 1999, 2000:6.84

Plywood manufacturing plant, Washington, Sept. 1, 1996, 1997:6.49

Power plant, Michigan, Feb. 1, 1999, 2000:6.95

Propane cylinder BLEVE, 1991:6.23

Propane gas, ignited by pilot light, 1991:1.28

Propane storage tank, North Dakota, 1993, 1994:1.30

Pyrotechnic storage and manufacturing facility, Tennessee, June 5, 1997, 1998:5.53

Recycling facility, New Jersey, 1998, 1999:1.19

Refinery

California, Jan. 21, 1997, 1998:6.84

Louisiana, March, 1991, 1992:6.77

Louisiana, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.93

Texas, April, 1991, 1992:6.75

Restaurant

Minnesota, 2001, 2002:5.22

New York, 1996, 1997:6.22

Washington, 2005, 2006:3.30

Rocket propellant test facility, California, 1994, 1995:4.40

School, New London, Texas, March 18, 1937, 1993:5.94

Ships, Florida, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.98

Short circuit in underground electrical vault, 1991:4.69

Soybean processing plant, Indiana, June, 1994, 1995:6.103

Sports equipment manufacturing plant, Texas, Aug. 28, 1997, 1998:6.87

Steam explosion, petroleum refinery, Louisiana, March 3, 1991, 1992:4.70

Storage facility, Maryland, 2006, 2006:1.16

Sugar refinery, Nebraska, July 20, 1996, 1997:6.49

Tank farm/storage facility

Georgia, April, 1995, 1996:6.66

Oklahoma, Apr. 23, 1995, 1996:5.97

Pennsylvania, Oct., 1995, 1996:6.62

Thermal generating plant, New Jersey, Dec. 25, 1992, 1993:2.44, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.82

Toy manufacturing plant, California, Nov. 15, 1997, 1998:5.53

Warehouse

Kentucky, May, 2000, 2001:6.61

Texas, July, 1998, 1999:6.94

Washington, Sept., 1993, 1994:6.97

Washington, 1995, 1996:4.23

Warehouse fire, Iowa, Apr. 22, 1997, 1998:6.87

World Trade Center, New York, Feb. 26, 1993, 1993:6.91, 1994:5.104, 1994:6.90, 1995:2.59

EXPLOSIVES. See also FIREWORKS; PYROTECHNICS

Accidental detonation, catastrophic fire cause, 1991:4.69

Black powder, ammunition, explode at store fire, 2005:6.48

Bomb site, fire fighter injuries related to, 1998:6.54

Detonation by terrorists, catastrophic fire cause, 1996:5.94

Improperly stored, catastrophic fire cause, 1992:4.72

Juveniles injured making napalm, 1997:4.19

NFPA 495, Explosive Materials, annual meeting review, 2001:2.81

Solidified explosives mixture at manufacturing plant detonates, spreads to stored explosives, 1999:5.55

EXPOSURE, FIRE

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1994:4.67, 68, 69

Firefighter injuries related to, 1994:6.64

EXPOSURE TO FIRE PRODUCTS. See FIRE PRODUCTS

EXTERIOR FIRE EXPOSURE

NFPA 80A, Protection of Building from Exterior Fire Exposure, addresses building-to-building fire exposure issues, 2001:6.74

EXTINGUISHERS, PORTABLE

Carbon dioxide, explosion of, 1991:4.30

Carbon dioxide, successful in hospital fire, 1996:5.26

Electronically monitored extinguishers control extinguisher vandalism, 2005:1.56

Halon, successful in medical research laboratory fire, 1991:5.30

Health care occupancies, selecting extinguishing agents for, 2002:4.29

Multiclass, successful in solvent fire, 1993:5.37

NFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2007 edition changes, 2006:6.56

NFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers, common questions answered, 1996:4.28

NFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers, revised to address issues regarding cylinder recharging, 2004:1.60

Spread fire from engine room in boat fire, 1991:6.26

Successful use of

Aircraft fire, 1999:6.94

Apartment building fire, 2003:2.22

Department store fire, 1998:6.22

Electric power generating plant fire, 1998:5.54

Hospital fire, 1993:2.20, 1996:5.26, 2002:5.21, 2003:2.22, 3.14, 2004:4.18, 2006:1.20

Nursing home fire, 1995:5.33, 2003:1.12, 5.20, 2004:4.19, 2006:4.28

Power plant fire, 1999:3.44

Restaurant fire, 2000:1.19, 2004:4.19

School fire, 2001:1.20, 2005:1.14

Store fire, 1995:3.39

Textile plant fire, 1993:5.37

Trailer fire, 1999:3.46

Warehouse fire, 1991:5.25, 1995:3.39

Training and use of, 1997:2.29

Unsuccessful use of

Adult congregate living facility fire, 1995:6.35

Apartment building fire, 2001:5.26, 2004:1.15, 2006:1.18, 2.28

Automobile dealership fire, 2000:5.23

Bowling alley fire, 2000:4.19

Building supply store fire, 1997:6.54

Dairy plant fire, 1992:3.32

Department store fire, 1996:6.72, 2000:6.91

Dormitory fire, 1995:6.99, 2007:2.21

Dwelling fire, 2004:1.15, 2005:2.18, 20

Fireworks fire, 1993:3.35

Food processing plant fire, 1995:6.104, 2003:2.25

Fraternity house fire, 1997:6.21

Funeral home fire, 1997:2.21

Gasoline fire, 1991:4.30

Hosiery manufacturing plant, 1997:3.33

Hotel fire, 1997:6.19, 2002:1.20, 2002:2.26

Manufacturing plant fire, 1999:4.20, 5.20, 6.90, 91, 2000:3.38, 2000:6.85, 2002:6.22, 2.17, 5.20, 6.52

Meat processing plant fire, 1995:6.106

Metal products plant fire, 1998:6.84

Museum fire, 1995:6.35

Observatory fire, 1997:6.59

Paper plant fire, 1997:5.24

Plastics plant fire, 1997:1.28

Power plant fire, 2004:5.20

Propane storage facility fire, 2000:6.14

Restaurant fire, 1996:3.35, 1997:6.22, 1998:3.36, 1999:5.21

Rooming house fire, 2001:6.21

School fire, 2004:5.20

Ship fire, 2000:6.94

Store fire, 1996:6.69, 1998:6.89, 1999:5.22, 2004:2.16, 2005:3.32, 2006:1.20, 2007:6.79

Theater fire, 1997:3.29

Warehouse fire, 1993:6.85, 1993:6.86, 1996:6.68, 1998:6.87, 1999:3.43, 1999:6.92, 2001:6.22, 2006:4.27

Wood product manufacturing plant fire, 1997:6.50

Water-mist extinguisher development leads to NFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers, revision, 2005:6.70

EXTINGUISHERS, PORTABLE, DRY CHEMICAL

Empty, missing extinguishers in warehouse fire, 1991:2.33

Limited success, warehouse fire, 1998:5.18

Successful use of

Deep fat fryer fire, 1992:5.25

Electric vault fire, 1995:5.35

Foundry fire, 1991:1.31

Hospital fire, 1998:5.17

Laboratory fire, 1997:5.23

Magnesium smelting operation fire, 1993:3.34

Power plant fire, 1996:6.72

Restaurant fire, 1994:3.28

School fire, 1993:4.28, 1995:3.39

Store fire, 1992:6.25

Unsuccessful use of

Apartment building fire, 1999:5.19

Automotive parts manufacturing plant, 1998:6.85

Christmas tree fire, 1991:6.24, 1995:6.36

Detention center fire, 1995:5.33

Food processing plant fire, 1996:6.64

Hotel fire, 1995:2.29

Insulation fire, 1991:6.23

Knitting mill fire, 1998:6.84

Manufacturing plant fire, 2007:6.76

Office building fire, reignites after use, 1997:6.53

Power plant fire, 2004:5.20

Store fire, 1994:6.35

Tar fire, 1991:6.23

EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS. See SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

EXTRA COLUMNS

California adopts NFPA 5000™ and NFPA 1, 2003:5.24

Canada mandates fire-safe cigarettes, 2004:3.40

Fatal supermarket fire in Paraguay, fire investigation, 2004:5.24

NFPA Treasurer's Report, 2003:4.18, 2004:4.20

U. S. Homeland Security Department adopts 5 NFPA standards for first responder equipment, 2004:2.34

Zippo cigarette lighter "tricks" Web site shut down by NFPA, others, 2003:6.18

FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA

Fire and Rescue Department response to CIA shooting incident, 1994:1.77

FALSE ALARMS. See ALARMS, FALSE

FANS

Factor in fire spread, 1993:6.27, 84, 1994:5.97, 1999:6.90, 2007:3.26

Fires caused by (See ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FIRES)

FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA)

Disaster management role, 1995:4.46

FEMA Building Performance Assessment Team World Trade Center collapse study, 2002:5.47

Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition receives FEMA grant for national 'Built For Life' sprinkler awareness program, 2004:5.12

Major grant awarded to Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2007:6.15

Risk Watch® central to NFPA's affiliation with FEMA's Citizen Corps, 2003:2.68

Risk Watch® first affiliate program of FEMA's Citizen Corps initiative, 2003:1.33

FIRE AND THE ENVIRONMENT. See ENVIRONMENT

FIRE BARRIERS. See also WALLS, FIRE

Contained fire spread, 2007:1.20

Inadequate, factor in fatal fire, 1995:5.36

Lack of, factor in fatal fire, 1993:2.44

New York-Presbyterian Hospital conducts self-examination of fire walls/barriers to improve fire safety, 2007:5.76

In structural joints, 1991:2.98

FIRE BRIGADES, INDUSTRIAL

Alarm delayed while brigade fought fire, 1993:6.83

Chemical plant fire controlled by, 1996:3.39

Electrical generating plant fire monitored, fought by, 1999:6.95

Limit fire spread in chemical plant fires, 1996:6.64

Members die in catastrophic fire, 1996:5.94

NFPA 600 requirements, 1992:2.46

Oil refinery fire controlled by, 1999:5.54

Oil refinery fire fought by, 2005:2.18

Power plant fire controlled by, 1999:3.44

FIRE COMMAND COLUMNS

Deploying resources effectively, 1992:6.104

Fire critiques, effective, characteristics of, 1991:3.152, 1991:4.106

Fire critiques, standard review items, 1991:6.104

Fire critiques, steps in assembling, 1991:5.109

Fire critiques as evidence for lawsuits, 1992:1.18

Fire service management modeled on fireground management, 1991:2.144

Matching response capabilities to fire conditions, 1992:4.30

Shrinking budgets, staffing realities, 1992:3.28

Standard operating procedures reduce legal risk, 1992:2.30

Urban violence complicates fire service operations, 1992:5.14

FIRE CRITIQUES

Characteristics of effective critiques, 1991:3.152, 1991:4.106

Lawsuits, use in, 1992:1.18

Standard review items, 1991:6.104

Steps in assembling, 1991:5.109

FIRE DEATHS, U. S. See also CATASTROPHIC FIRES; ELDERLY; FIREFIGHTER FATALITIES

Building security measures contribute to fire deaths, 1994:3.110

Civilian deaths, 1994, 1995:5.93

Civilian deaths, 1995, 1996:5.52

Civilian deaths, 1996, 1997:5.76

Civilian deaths, 1997, 1998:5.72

Civilian deaths, 1998, 1999:5.88

Civilian deaths, 1999, 2000:5.82

Factors contributing to deaths, 1994:3.99

NFPA grants target states most vulnerable to fire deaths, 2005:2.10

Smoke and burns compared as fire death causes, 1995:1.38

Smoking materials as leading cause, 1980-88 overview, 1991:1.86

FIRE DOORS. See DOORS, FIRE

FIRE DRILLS

Families plan, but don't practice, escape, NFPA survey shows, 2005:2.14

Fire Prevention Week 2007 theme: practice your escape plan, 2007:4.16, 5.44, 46

Frequent drills basic to home fire safety, 2002:5.40

Great American Fire Drill support 2007 Fire Prevention Week theme, 2007:5.44

"Great Escape" campaign has inspired change over three years, 2000:5.42

"Great Escape" has made progress, but home fire safety misconceptions persist, 2000:5.112

"Great Escape" training, escape plan practice saves family from fire, 2000:6.16

NFPA "Great Escape" promotes home fire drills and escape plans, 1998:3.74, 4.32

School, planned programs, 1991:2.24

School fire drills needed to keep schools fire safe, 1999:1.80

FIRE FIGHTING, INTERNATIONAL

Japan, 1991:5.51

Soviet Union, 1991:6.66

FIRE INJURIES. See also FIREFIGHTER INJURIES

Civilian, 1996, 1997:5.76

FIRE INSPECTIONS

Done properly, fire department inspection programs save lives, 2003:3.74

Effectiveness evaluated by Austin, Texas, fire department, 2002:6.66

Inspectors now must be highly skilled professionals, 1997:1.84

NFPA Fire Inspector Certification program, 1991:3.57

NFPA introduces Fire Inspector I Certification Program, 1998:3.116

Required inspections determined by life safety evaluation, 1995:1.57

FIRE INVESTIGATIONS

Aircraft, American Airlines Flight 1420, Little Rock, Arkansas, June 1, 1999, 1999:5.40

Apartment building fatal fires, New York, N. Y., Dec., 1998, 1999:3.84

Apply mutual aid to fire investigations, 1993:1.14

Arson, DuPage County, Illinois, fire investigation task force, 2001:1.65

Board and care facility fatal fires, 1994-1998, 1998:5.34

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms National Response Teams aid in catastrophic fire investigations, 1998:3.92

Church, Barrington, Illinois, Oct. 28, 1998, 1999:3.102

Church, Lake Worth, Texas, Feb. 15, 1999, 1999:4.76

Electronic information sources, new technologies aid investigators, 1997:3.80

Expert testimony by investigators affected by Supreme Court decisions on scientific evidence, 2000:1.42

High-rise, Parque Central, Caracas, fire report shows lack of sprinkler maintenance, testing, 2005:2.46

Hotel, Royal Jomtien, Thailand, July 11, 1997, 1998:2.34

InterFIRE VR software trains fire investigators, 2000:5.78

LP-Gas tank explosion, Albert City, Iowa, April 9, 1998, 1998:6.42

Manufacturing plant, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan, Feb. 1, 1999, study indicates problems with large-loss fire investigations, 2004:4.58

National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and other national reporting systems, 1998:3.80

NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, 2001 edition, changes in, 2001:4.58

NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, fall meeting review, 2000:5.93

NFPA 921, Guide to Fire and Explosion Investigations, as authoritative treatise for litigation, 1996:2.40

NFPA 1033, Fire Investigator Professional Qualifications, and NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, set standards, provide guidelines for investigators, 2005:3.64

Nightclub, Cocoanut Grove, Boston, Mass., Nov. 28, 1942, 2000:3.84

Nightclub, Gothenburg, Sweden, Oct. 28, 1998, 2000:3.117

Nightclub, Warwick, Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, NIST investigation summary, 2005:3.44

Nursing home, Hartford, Connecticut, nursing home, 2005:5.14

Office building, United Airlines Operations Control Center fire, Elk Grove, Illinois, Aug. 11, 1999, 2001:1.55

Oil refinery, Longford Esso refinery fire and explosion, Australia, Sept. 25, 1998, 1999:2.64

Oil refinery, Texas City, Texas, BP refinery fire and explosion, March 23, 2005, 2007:4.78

Ship, Ecstasy cruise ship, Miami, Florida, July 20, 1998, 1999:1.38

Supermarket, Paraguay, Aug. 1, 2004, 2004:5.24, 2004:6.42

U. S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), develops new fire research laboratory, 2000:5.76

Warehouse, Arizona, Aug., 2000, fire investigation report, 2001:6.70

FIRE LOSS

FM Global's Research Campus provides advanced technology labs for loss prevention research, 2007:3.66

Lack of sprinklers is often key to fire loss litigation, 2005:1.22

Longford Esso refinery fire has disastrous effect on Australian economy, 1999:2.64

FIRE LOSS, U. S. See also LARGE-LOSS FIRES, U. S.

1990 report, 1991:5.36

1991 report, 1992:5.32

1992 report, 1993:5.78

1993 report, 1994:5.57

1994 report, 1995:5.93

1995 report, 1996:5.52

1996 report, 1997:5.76

1997 report, 1998:5.72

1998 report, 1999:5.88

1999 report, 2000:5.80

2000 Report, 2001:5.81

2002 report, 2003:5.58

2003 report, 2004:6.66

2004 report, 2005:5.44

2005 report, 2006:5.46

2006 report, 2007:5.64

NFPA "The Total Cost of Fire in the United States" in-depth report on 2003 fire loss statistics, 2006:2:74

State by state report, 1999:3.106

FIRE MODELS

Alternative designs evaluated using, 1995:2.68

Backdraft incident, apartment building fire, March 28, 1994, N. Y., N. Y., 1995:6.85

Computer fire model, overview, 1991:2.60

"Green" corporate headquarters protected using computer models, 2005:2.40

FIRE PREVENTION

Firefighter Investment and Response Enhancement (FIRE) Act offers fire prevention program grants, 2001:3.48

National convention needed to address fire prevention, 2006:5.52

President's Conference on Fire Prevention, 1947, 2002:6.96

FIRE PREVENTION WEEK

1991 theme: fire escape planning, 1991:5.34

1992 theme: smoke detectors are lifesavers, 1992:5.68

1993 week is culmination of year's fire safety education efforts, 1993:5.89

1995 theme: watch what you heat (home fire causes), 1995:5.77

1998 theme: "Great Escape" promotes home fire drills and escape plans, 1998:3.74, 4.32

1999 theme: business community should be included in "Great Escape" efforts, 1999:3.64

1999 theme: "Great Escape" training saves family from fire, 1999:5.36

2001 theme: Cover the Bases & Strike Out Fire, 2001:5.44

2002 theme: celebrating 80th anniversary of fire safety effort, 2002:5.84

2003 NFPA-Weekly Reader Fire Prevention Week initiative results from team work with outside funding partners, 2003:3.40

2003 theme: home escape plans save lives, 2003:5.13

2003 theme supported by NFPA-Weekly Reader initiative provides students with home escape planning tools, 2003:5.40

2004 theme: test your smoke alarms, 2004:4.14, 5.36, 52

2005 theme: candle safety, 2005:5.68

2005 Week to include People with Disabilities Day, 2005:5:42

2006 theme: prevent cooking fires, 2006:5.44, 66

2007 theme: practice your escape plan, 2007:4.16, 2007:5.46

2007 theme: practice your escape plan, supported by "Great American Fire Drill," 2007:5.44

History of, 1995:4.71, 2002:5.112

Industrial Section teams compete in 2001 Fire Prevention Week contest, 2001:5.62

Partnership with others for wider dissemination of "Great Escape" information, 1999:3.134

"Sparky" speaks out; interview with fire prevention mascot, 1994:5.66

Web site provides information and documents to educators, public, 2003:5.54

FIRE PRODUCTS

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1991:4.53, 90, 1992:4.46, 48, 50, 51, 54, 1993:4.50, 1994:4.57, 67, 68, 69, 1996:4.71, 72, 75, 76, 1997:4.59, 1998:4.59, 60, 62, 1999:4.69

Firefighter injuries related to, 1991:6.49, 51, 52, 53, 1992:6.62, 63, 64, 65, 2001:6.53, 54

FIRE PROTECTION

Future of, 1991 overview, 1991:3.38

Future of, NFPA Board of Directors view, 1992:1.47

Stadium fires demonstrate unique protection problems, 1994:4.49

FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERS

International higher education programs developed, 1993:1.43

As Quarterly and NFPA Journal authors, 2007:Fall.138

Recruiting and retaining fire department FPEs, 1993:1.58

FIRE PROTECTION HANDBOOK

17th edition, overview, 1991:3.106

18th edition, overview, 1997:1.66

FIRE PROTECTION PROGRAMS

Soviet Union, 1991:6.66

FIRE PROTECTION RESEARCH FOUNDATION. See NFPA FIRE PROTECTION RESEARCH FOUNDATION

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Chrysler Corp. Technology Center, 1995:3.129

Explosion destroyed, factor in fire spread, 1994:5.104

High-rise buildings, design of systems for, 1994:2.36

Passive systems, value of, 1997:2.30

Supervision of system, importance of, 2006:4.34

Supervision of system, specific requirements of NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2006:6.32

Underground SubTropolis storage/manufacturing facility, Kansas City, Missouri, requires unique systems, 1998:6.68

Users' manuals needed to document building systems, 1998:4.26

Washington, D. C.. airports equipped with state-of-art systems, 1998:4.80

Water mist systems, 1994:3.46

FIRE PUMPS

Failure to operate automatically, 1992:2.25

Integrating fire pumps and fire alarm systems, 2005:5.38

Proper installation, maintenance, testing, for reliable emergency service, 2005:5.62

FIRE SAFETY. See also BURNING ISSUES COLUMNS; FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION; LIFE SAFETY; OUTREACH COLUMNS

Americans underestimate fire risk, 1996:3.77, 2004:6.12

Centers for Disease Control statistics indicate workplace safety has improved, 2001:5.38

Checklists for home, workplace, child fire safety, 1997:1.104

College dormitory constructed for fire safety, 1999:1.60

"Contract with America"'s effect on fire safety, 1995:3.46

Convention center fire safety challenges addressed by NFPA codes and standards, 2007:2.54

Detectors distributed free by fire department saves residential occupants, 1998:3.38

Families plan, but don't practice, escape, NFPA survey shows, 2005:2.14

Fire service public service programs, 1995:1.70

Health care facilities' fire safety prognosis for '90s, 1992:3.89

High-rise buildings, fire safe design for, 1993:6.4

Holmes County, Mississippi, works with NFPA on smoke alarm distribution project, 2003:6.42

Ignition factor awareness can promote home fire safety, 1999:1.42

Implications of home security systems; editorial, 1994:3.4

Industrial fire safety programs, establishment of, 1993:2.12

Latin American fire safety, NFPA contribution to, 2005:2.50

Navajo Nation and NFPA Center for High-Risk Outreach cooperate for fire safety, 1997:2.74

NFPA general manager Percy Bugbee's fire safety efforts, 1995:6.77

NFPA Journal sets standard for fire safety discussions, 2007:Fall.96

NFPA report emphasizes need to maintain and/or replace home smoke alarms, 2005:1.12

North Charleston, South Carolina, receives Jensen Award for Smoke Alarm Assistance Program, 2007:5.20

Outside U. S., citizens held responsible for fires, 1996:3.83

Partnership of owners, designers, and public officials necessary for fire safety, 1993:1.12

Performance-based fire safety design code development, 1994:6.16

Performance-based fire safety design codes coming to North America, 1994:3.70

Politics of fire safety regulations at local to federal levels, 1998:4.29

Safety principles for disabled persons, 1996:4.112

School Emergency Evacuation Planning Checklist geared to teachers, administrators, staff, parents, and students, 2007:5.17

Sprinkler systems' importance for fire safety, 1993:1.53

Summer fire hazards, 1997:4.96

U. S. Consumer Products Safety Commission addresses fire safety issues, 1998:3.49

United States should hold citizens responsible, 1995:4.38

Zippo cigarette lighter "tricks" Web site shut down by NFPA, others, 2003:6.18

FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION. See also FIRE PREVENTION WEEK; OUTREACH COLUMNS

Board and care facility staff, residents untrained, factor in catastrophic fire, 1993:5.66

Brockville, Ontario, uses Risk Watch to promote child safety, 2000:1.82

`Clear Your Escape Routes' brochure created by NFPA Center for High-Risk Outreach, 2006:2.15

College students need safety training, 1997:5.34

Dick Van Dyke's contribution to Learn Not to Burn, 1996:1.70

"Fire and Blast" publication, 1952, looking back, 2004:1.80

Fire service public service programs, 1995:1.70

Firefighters work with youth through Big Brothers/Big Sisters program, 1998:2.28

Firewise Communities supports homeowners and fire departments in defending against wildfire, 2007:6.44

Firewise Communities Workshops promote wildland/urban interface fire safety, 2002:4.82

Firewise workshops underway for forest professionals, 2007:3.18

Fireworks education program result of illegal fireworks fire, 1996:4.22

First NFPA public service announcement campaign, 1950, 1995:6.74

"Great Escape" campaign has inspired change over three years, 2000:5.42

"Great Escape" has made progress, but home fire safety misconceptions persist, 2000:5.112

"Great Escape" promotes home fire drills and escape plans, 1998:3.74, 4.32

"Great Escape" training saves family from fire, 2000:6.16

High-rise fire safety issues require education, 1999:3.84

In-service programs for teachers, 1991:4.35

Juvenile firesetting, education program to control, 1999:1.54

KFN-TV teaches fire safety to kids, 1993:5.90

Language barriers challenge fire service outreach to immigrants, 2005:3.68

Learn Not to Burn® champions, 1994, 1994:3.67

Learn Not to Burn® champions, 1995, 1995:5.103

Learn Not to Burn® for South Africa, 2006:1:12

Learn Not to Burn® programs, NFPA commitment to, 1993:4.4

Learn Not to Burn® used by Plano, Texas, Fire Department to educate community, 2001:3.102

Navajo Nation fire safety awareness campaign, 1996:5.71

NFPA Campus Fire Safety Forum program promotes college fire safety, 2002:6.52

NFPA Center for High-Risk Outreach helps educate poorest South Africans on home fire dangers, 2006:2:70

NFPA Champion Award Program provides age-appropriate fire safety education, 1997:3.45

Other countries' programs compared to U. S., 1996:3.81

Preschool program saves lives in dwelling fire, 1992:2.28

Preschooler fire safety education, 1997:2.112, 3.45

Preschoolers learn fire safety in Portland, Oregon, Head Start program, 1994:1.67

Proactive safety leadership role for fire departments, 1991:6.93

Public education for wildfires, 1991:4.32

Public education is long-term answer to fire loss, 1993:6.14

Public educators gaining budgetary recognition, 2000:2.40

Remembering When™ fire safety and fall prevention program for older adults, 1999:2.40, 1999:4.112

Remembering When™ grants provided for Mississippi, Alabama, and Native Americans, 2005:2.10

Remembering When™ program evaluates success in reaching older adults, 2002:4.64

Residential fire safety relies on education, 2003:4.30

Risk Watch® adapted for mothers and children in emergency shelters, 2006:4.68

Risk Watch® addresses eight preventable injuries most threatening to children, 1997:4.33

Risk Watch® can help schools prevent student injuries, 2000:1.34

Risk Watch® central to NFPA's affiliation with FEMA's Citizen Corps, 2003:2.68

Risk Watch® Champion Conference for continuing education to Champion Management Teams, 2006:1.32

Risk Watch® curriculum, students demonstrate gains from, 2001:4.40

Risk Watch® curriculum goals, implementation, and evaluation, 1998:5.84

Risk Watch® demonstrates value of team work for fire safety, 1998:2.30

Risk Watch® effectiveness evaluated by tests of children's safety behaviors, 2002:3.82

Risk Watch® encourages seat belt use, 1999:1.32

Risk Watch® first affiliate program of FEMA's Citizen Corps initiative, 2003:1.33

Risk Watch® grants provided for Mississippi, Alabama, Navajo Nation schools, 2005:2.10

Risk Watch® is useful tool as fire service's mission expands, 1998:6.32

Risk Watch® Safe Communities pilot program, 2006:3.48

Risk Watch® used by Plano, Texas, Fire Department to educate community, 2001:3.102

Risk Watch®'s injury prevention curriculum teaches safe fun, 1997:5.58

Safe Cities, Learn Not to Burn program for 10 cities, 1995:3.75

Senior fire safety with Jonathan Winters, 1991:2.44

Spanish translations of educational documents by NFPA Center for High-Risk Outreach, 2006:3.20

Spanish-language versions of Learn Not to Burn Curriculum for Hispanic/Latino populations, 1998:4.30

Sparky the Fire Dog^® emergency preparedness game available from Risk Watch^® Web site, 2007:3.18

Sparky's new public service announcements, 1996:5.40

Suffolk, Virginia, uses grant to support community fire and life safety programs, 2005:5.74

Teaching safety to disabled persons, 1996:4.112

Texas Fire Marshal's fire safety campaign urges students to "have an exit strategy" in public spaces, 2007:3.98

Tuscaloosa, Alabama, receives Jensen award to fund smoke alarm installation and educational campaign, 2007:4.72

University of Utah fire prevention program, 2005:1.52

FIRE SAFETY UPDATE COLUMNS

Fire Prevention Week, 1991 theme: fire escape planning, 1991:5.34

In-service programs for teachers, 1991:4.35

Juvenile Firesetter Program, Phoenix, Ariz., 1991:1.22

School fire drills, planned programs for, 1991:2.24

FIRE SERVICE ADMINISTRATION. See also FIRE CRITIQUES; LEADERSHIP COLUMNS; MANAGEMENT MATTERS COLUMNS

Administrators' role in fire code development, 1996:1.27

Budget negatively impacted by internal departmental conflict, 1994:4.112

Burdens of command responsibilities, 1995:4.23

Chiefs' responsibility to network with external groups, 1994:5.17

Combination career/volunteer departments, 1991:3.36

Comprehensive fire protection systems, 1991:4.16

Computer software for, 1991:3.90

Defining the problems of fire services, 1993:2.30

Denver, Colo. Fire Department is progressive, innovative, 1995:3.118

Deploying resources effectively, 1992:6.104

Discipline promotes effective performance, 1993:2.85

Educating municipal officials about resource needs, 1993:1.80

Encouraging participation in fire service organizations, 1993:3.136

Fire inspection requirements determined by life safety evaluation, 1995:1.57

Fire safety educators gaining budgetary recognition, 2000:2.40

Firefighter Investment and Response Enhancement (FIRE) Act offers fire prevention and wellness/fitness program grants, 2001:3.48

Firefighter Investment and Response Enhancement (FIRE) Act to increase federal funding of local fire service, 2000:5.36

Fireground management as model for, 1991:2.144

Funding alternatives for volunteer departments, 1993:5.120

Harvard program provides leadership skills, 1996:3.93

Labor relations eased by seeing both sides, 1994:2.13

Laughter as workplace morale booster, 1991:2.116

Leaders should encourage cooperation, 1994:3.164

Leaders should lead by example, 1993:4.83

Leadership: what is it?, 1994:1.96

Leadership requires political savvy, 1995:6.21

Leadership takes many forms, 1994:2.112

Leadership training, developing professional programs for, 1993:4.14

Liability for negligent fire fighting activities, 1997:2.38

Listening and responding to fire service members, 1994:1.13

Management concerns, overview of, 1991:3.17

Management reviews, 1992:3.124

Marketing fire service to gain public support, 1992:1.90

Marketing fire service via improved public relations, 1992:1.67

Member evaluation of fire department, 1995:4.28

Membership input to volunteer fire department decisions, 1994:1.20

Mission statement core of operating plan, 1994:4.15

New service areas can generate revenue, develop partnerships, serve customers, 1996:4.38

NFPA survey, wildfire managers top concerns, 1992:5.96

NFPA survey of U. S. fire departments, 1993:4.59

Officer training is key to fire service success, 1993:3.26

Orange County, Fla., Fire and Rescue Service operates as a consolidated force, 1993:2.63

Orlando Fire Department, Fla., offers innovative service to tourist center, 1993:2.59

Participatory management enhances volunteer morale, 1992:1.96

Peer mediation, San Francisco Fire Department, 1991:3.62

Politics of fire safety regulations at local to federal levels, 1998:4.29

Pride as factor in volunteer department morale, 1994:3.18

Public information officer can improve media coverage, 1994:6.25

Public information officer's role in media relations, 1999:5.44

Regionalization and other answers to department downsizing, 1993:3.30

Shrinking budgets, staffing realities, 1992:3.28

Specialization of support services, Fort Worth, Tex., 1991:2.78

Splinter groups, effect of, 1991:2.19

Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response Firefighters Act (SAFER) to help fire departments add firefighters, 2004:1.46

Staffing levels and response times addressed by proposed NFPA standards, 2000:6.51

Tokyo, Japan's, low fire rate testifies to well-trained fire service, 2002:3.72

Truck company duties need emphasis in training, planning, 1995:5.19

U. S. Fire Administration looking for fire departments missing from 2002 National Fire Department Census, 2003:1.28

User fees implemented to recover cost of services, 1997:2.66

Volunteer fire departments, contracting with, Austin, Tex., 1991:2.104

Volunteer fire officers, 1991:2.114

Volunteer training accomplished with flexibility, technology, 1994:5.18

FIRE SERVICE APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT. See also FIRE PUMPS; PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Aging wildfire-fighting air fleet may lead to decrease in missions in 2003, 2003:4.32

Catastrophic crash/fire, California, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

Development of NFPA standards for, 1992:2.41

Fireboats respond to docking facility fire, 2007:4.21

Fireboats respond to pier fire, 2007:6.78

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1991:4.53, 55, 1992:4.43, 48, 51, 54, 1993:4.46, 53, 68, 69, 1994:4.57, 61, 63, 66, 69, 1995:4.90, 1996:4.71, 72, 74, 75, 1997:4.51, 55, 57, 58, 1998:4.62, 1999:4.59, 61, 67, 68, 69, 2000:4.57, 60, 61, 2001:4.77, 78, 79, 2002:4.77, 2004:4.53, 2005:4.57, 4.58, 2006:4.62, 63, 2007:4.62, 68, 69, 70, 5.62

Firefighter injuries related to, 1991:6.49, 50, 51, 52, 1992:6.58, 63, 64, 1993:6.58, 63, 64, 1994:6.65, 1995:6.65, 68, 69, 1996:6.108, 110, 1997:6.73, 1998:6.54, 55, 1999:6.52, 54, 55, 2000:6.46, 47, 48, 49, 2003:1:65, 6.71, 72, 2004:6.65, 2005:6:57, 2006:6.83, 84, 85, 2007:6.85, 90

NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Fire Pumps, 1999 edition reflects changing technology, 2000:3.109

Personal responsibility plays important role in safe use, 1999:2.38

Personnel accountability system essential for locating firefighters at incident scene, 2005:3.36

Robot use pioneered in Tokyo, 1992:2.67

Robots used for rescue, other operations, improved by innovations, 2004:2.40

St. Louis, Mo., purchases all new apparatus, 1991:1.98

World Trade Center attack demonstrates need to refine first responder protective equipment, 2001:6.46

FIRE SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS

Effective communication important to successful command, 2006:3.42

Engine companies lacked radio communications, 1991:6.74

Fire service calls in U. S., 2003 report, 2005:3.16

Hampered by power shutoff, 1991:1.27

Lack of 911 service factor in building-under-renovation fire, 1991:4.31

Overwhelmed by incoming calls, 1991:6.74

Radio communications hampered by static, garbled transmission, 1991:6.73

FIRE SERVICE FACILITIES

Fire station fire, California, 1998, 1999:4.21

Fire station fire, Minnesota, 2004, 2005:1.14

Renovation of, St. Louis, Mo., 1991:1.94

FIRE SERVICE FOCUS COLUMNS

Federal fire service grants, 2006:2:89

Personal protective equipment, 2006:4.86

FIRE SERVICE OPERATIONS. See also FIRE SERVICE OPERATIONS HAMPERED; FIRE SERVICE RESCUE AND EXTRICATION; MUTUAL AID RESPONSE; STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTING COLUMNS; STRUCTURAL OPS COLUMNS

At asbestos abatement site fires, 1992:3.55

Command safety: a wake-up call, 1991:1.74

Electrical inspections threatened by budget cutbacks, 1996:6.80

Fire fighting challenges of San Francisco, Calif., fire department, 1994:3.119

Fire services find opportunities for change post 9/11, 2002:5.48

Fire station response and support specialization, Fort Worth, Texas, 1991:2.78

Firefighter fatalities related to (See FIREFIGHTER FATALITIES)

Firefighter injuries related to (See FIREFIGHTER INJURIES)

Fireground behavior after fire is out, 1995:6.26

Good fire service requires team effort, 1993:4.96

Hazardous materials incidents require new training, management skills, 1995:2.90

Identifying and mitigating fireground risks to avert firefighter fatalities, 1998:4.70

Initial attack capability, evaluation of, 1996:5.29

Initial response (See FIRST RESPONSE COLUMNS)

Liability for fire ground decisions, 1993:4.40

Liability for negligent fire fighting activities, 1997:2.38

Matching response capabilities to fire conditions, 1992:4.30

NFPA 1500, Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, valuable tool in fire fighter safety, 1997:4.74

9/11 Pentagon response report brings change to Arlington County, Virginia, fire services, 2002:6.36

Public service programs offered by fire services, 1995:1.70

Response times and staffing levels addressed by proposed NFPA standards, 2000:6.51

Speed bumps' effect on response times, 1997:1.78

Thermal imaging camera locates seat of fire, turbine fire, 2004:5.20

Urban problems confront fire service, 1993:2.14

Urban violence complicates, 1992:5.14

World Trade Center attack demonstrates need to refine first responder preparedness, 2001:6.46

FIRE SERVICE OPERATIONS HAMPERED

Access limited

Blocked doors, 1993:5.62, 2002:1.19, 2006:3.34, 2007:1.15

Burned stairs, 102

Burning, charged electrical wire, 1993:5.36

Cargo shift in aircraft fire, 1992:6.79

Ceilings, barred/covered windows, 1992:3.31

Chicken-wire partitions in attic, 1991:3.26

Collapsed occupant blocked stairs, 2006:6.18

To concealed spaces, 1996:1.24

Concrete slab, fire in area under, 1999:6.96

Confined space, 1993:2.33, 1994:6.91, 1995:6.98

Difficult-to-open doors, 1992:6.26

Downed power lines, 2000:3.36

Fence, 1993:2.21

Fire lane chains, 1995:4.37

Flooding, 1992:4.72, 1998:6.88

Flue fire blocked by dormer, 2004:1.14

By heat, 1997:6.49, 50, 57, 1999:6.17, 2006:4.27

Jammed doors, vehicle, 2004:5.73

Key box keys no longer worked, 2000:1.19

Location/size of other buildings, collapsed wall, 1991:6.37

Locked doors, 1991:1.29, 4.68, 1992:4.70, 1993:4.28, 5.62, 1994:2.27, 6.93, 2004:6.56

Locked gates, 1998:6.90, 2000:6.86, 2004:6.56

Nailed-shut door, 1995:3.37

Narrow street, 2000:4.19

Offshore fire, 1994:6.98

Onlookers blocked roads, 1997:4.20

Overhead obstructions, 1998:6.90

Parked vehicles, 1993:3.33, 1993:6.84, 2004:6.52

Railroad tracks, lake on three sides of building, 2000:6.88

Railroad trestle, 2004:6.54

Relocated driveway, 1997:5.24

River next to building, 2000:6.88

Road of poor quality, 1991:3.27

To roof, ceiling voids, 1992:5.30

Scaffolding surrounding building, 1999:6.96

Security devices, 1991:4.25, 1991:4.26, 1997:5.51 (See also SECURITY PROVISIONS)

Security gates, chains, 1993:6.79, 1997:6.56

To site, 1991:6.73, 1992:1.26, 2003:2.20

Stairway fire, 1997:5.21, 2007:6.79

Stored furniture, 1992:4.67

Stored goods, 1992:6.79, 1993:2.19, 1994:6.96

Street layout, 1991:6.74

To two sides of building, 1995:6.107

Waterfront location, 1993:6.81, 2006:6.72

To wildland fire site, 1994:6.99, 1995:6.111, 2000:6.94, 2001:6.64

Workspace clutter, 2006:4.27

Aerial ladder lacking, 1995:6.106

Apparatus, fire fighters at earlier fire, 1993:3.34

Bystanders interfered, 1992:4.70, 1993:2.19

Ceiling collapse, 1994:6.89, 1996:3.35, 1998:1.21, 2003:6.81, 2007:6.80

Chemicals prevented use of water, 1994:6.95

Civil disturbance threatened fire fighter safety, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.81

Communications hampered

Lack of 911 service, 1991:4.31

Overwhelmed by incoming calls, 1991:6.74

Power shutoff, 1991:1.27

Radio communications limited, 1991:6.74

Radio static, garbled transmissions, 1991:6.73

Size of fire area, 1997:6.58

System disabled, 1994:6.90

Deteriorating conditions force defensive attack, 1998:2.19, 20

Electrical arc energizes metal siding, 2001:5.26

Electrical equipment, charged, 2004:6.56

Electrical power loss, 1991:5.64, 1992:4.71, 1992:5.56, 1992:6.74, 78, 1994:5.104, 1994:6.90

Electrical transformers, high-voltage lines nearby, 1996:6.72

Emergency lighting failed, 1992:6.78

Emergency shutdown procedure caused delay, 1994:6.92

Energized electrical equipment concern, 1994:6.91

Explosion, 2002:5.22

Explosions of equipment, fuel, 1997:6.50

Explosions of gas cylinders, 1994:6.36

Explosions of materials, 1995:6.104

Fire operations control center damaged, 1994:5.104

Fire protection systems damaged, 1994:5.104

Fire spread, rapid, 1997:6.58

Fire spreading behind fire fighters, 1994:6.36

Flashback fires on cargo containers, 1992:6.79

Flashover forces exterior attack, 1998:4.22

Floor, unstable, 2004:6.17

Floor collapse, 1993:2.33, 1996:5.96, 1997:3.30, 2003:6.81

Foam suppression supplies exhausted, 1992:1.60

Fog, fuel leak on runway, 1991:3.69

Hazardous materials, by presence of, 1991:6.75, 1992:3.33, 1995:5.35, 1995:6.38, 2000:3.38

Heat and smoke conditions hampered entry, 1994:2.27

Heat forced exterior attack only, 1993:2.20

Heat forced frequent firefighter rehabilitation, 2000:4.20

Hose lines too short, 1997:1.27, 5.23, 2007:1.18

Hydrants

At distance, 1991:3.27, 1993:6.88, 1995:6.99, 107, 2006:6.71

Failed, 1995:4.37

Frozen or inoperative, 1995:6.100, 1996:6.72, 2006:1.22

Insufficient water pressure at, 2005:6.46

Malfunction, 1998:6.92

Supply limited to one, 2000:6.90

Water supply limited, 2005:5.24

Without water at construction site, 2005:6.19

Information on exposure not available, 1994:3.30

Large number of fires, 1996:3.36

Large number of occupants hamper rescue, 1994:5.95

Large size of building, 1994:6.97

Large size of fire, 1995:6.104, 107

Large size of fire created command problems, 1999:6.96

Local response capability limited, 1994:3.30, 1996:3.36

LP-Gas tanks had to be protected, 1993:6.84

Machinery, hazards posed by operating, 1992:5.30

Multiple exposures affected control efforts, 1994:3.27

Noise limited communications, 1996:6.72

Nursing home patients in restraints slow rescue, 1991:4.67

Oil and water on floor, 1996:6.72

Outdated fire plans, 1992:6.26

Propane tank vented, 1996:6.73

Propane trucks at fire site, 1994:6.96

Radio communications poor due to topography, 2003:6.79

Rattlesnakes loose on movie set, 2005:6.49

Remote location, 1992:1.23, 1993:3.36, 4.26, 5.67, 1994:6.90, 99, 1995:6.111, 1996:4.21, 6.64, 2004:6.56

Rescue operation delayed fire suppression, 2001:6.62, 2005:6.45

Rescue operation took precedence, 1994:6.91

Resources limited due to other fires, 2000:6.94

Resources limited for simultaneous rescue and firefighting operations, 2007:5.60

Resources taxed by fire size, 2007:6.76

Response delayed, 1994:4.31, 1995:3.37, 38

Response delayed by passing train, 2000:3.36, 2000:6.90

Roof, fire broke through, 1997:5.21, 2007:1.20

Roof collapse, 1993:6.29, 83, 1994:6.95, 96, 1995:6.37, 100, 103, 106, 107, 108, 1996:6.70, 1997:6.19, 1.21, 1998:5.18, 6.89, 2000:3.38, 2001:5.22, 6.64, 2002:1.19, 2005:4.22, 2007:5.31, 2007:6.76, 2007:6.80

Multiple occupancy fire, 2005:1.18

Roof layers, fire between, difficult to reach, 1997:6.21

Roof thickness delayed venting, 1995:6.106

Rugged terrain, 1992:6.76, 1997:5.54, 6.59, 1998:6.92

Rural location, 1991:4.65, 67, 1992:4.67

Safety of area had to be determined, 1995:4.40

Slippery footing caused by melted butter in dairy fire, 2005:6.46

Smoke density, 1992:6.76, 1994:6.94, 96, 1995:6.107, 1996:6.63, 65, 1997:6.49, 50

Staffing limited, 1992:4.25, 1992:6.78

Standpipe capped, hose lines removed, 2007:1.15

Standpipe connections lacking, 1994:6.92

Steep terrain, 1993:6.88, 1994:6.99

Storage configuration, 1998:6.85, 91

Structural collapse, 1992:4.71, 6.75, 1994:5.95, 6.94, 1995:3.40, 6.103, 104, 107, 1997:5.23, 6.56, 5.18, 1998:6.84, 2001:4.24, 2004:6.16, 17, 52

Multiple occupancy fire, 2005:1.18

Structural collapse threatened, 1994:5.30, 1995:3.37, 1995:4.39, 1995:5.35, 36

Structural fire fighting equipment lacking, 1994:4.31

Suppression resources in use at other fires, 1994:6.99

Swampy, combustible terrain, 1993:3.36

Transformer circuits checked for power shutoff, 1998:1.22

Unstable conditions limit interior attack, 2001:6.63

Ventilation hampered by lack of windows, 2004:2.17

Ventilation openings lacking, 1998:6.91

Visibility zero, 2005:6.49

Wall collapse, 1992:6.78, 1996:6.70

Water pressure inadequate, 1991:5.64, 1991:6.74, 1992:4.71, 1992:5.56, 1992:6.74, 2000:1.21

Water storage problems, 1991:6.73

Water supply

Connection covered by shed, 1996:5.94

Connections damaged, 1996:5.94

Explosion, disrupted by, 1991:6.74, 1992:6.75

Hydrants (See subentry: Hydrants)

Inadequate, 1991:1.27, 54, 3.27, 4.26, 6.74, 75, 1992:2.26, 4.25, 26, 5.30, 6.79, 1993:6.29, 1994:4.30, 4.31, 5.29, 6.36, 6.90, 92, 97, 1995:3.37, 4.37, 6.106, 107, 1996:6.64, 65, 70, 1997:5.24, 6.50, 56, 57, 58, 1998:6.86, 2000:6.88, 2001:5.75, 2004:6.16, 52, 56, 2006:6.69, 2007:1.18

Limited, 2002:1.19, 6.20, 2003:3.18, 2004:6.16, 6.56

Out of service, 1996:6.73

Piping damaged, 1994:5.104, 1996:5.24

Remote, 1992:6.26, 1997:1.28, 6.59, 2000:4.16, 2001:6.18, 2003:2.20, 2004:4.17, 2005:6.45

Water main break, 2005:2.18

Water plant shut down, 2001:6.61

Water storage problems, 1991:6.73

Water-repellent burning material, 1998:6.85

Weather (See also DROUGHT; WIND)

Fog, 1991:3.69

High temperature, 1991:6.78, 1992:4.25, 1993:6.89, 1995:5.67, 1995:6.111, 1996:4.21, 1996:6.73, 1997:3.30, 4.21, 1999:5.20, 1999:6.97, 2000:6.94, 2001:6.63

Low temperature, 1991:1.27, 1992:1.26, 60, 1992:6.26, 1995:6.68, 1996:6.62, 1996:6.72

Rain, 1992:4.72, 1999:5.40, 1999:6.97

Thunderstorm, wind and lightning of, 2007:4.21

Winter, 1991:6.73, 1993:6.81, 1995:6.100, 106, 1997:5.54, 6.50, 57, 59, 2000:6.91, 2002:2.25

Window lexan layer hard to penetrate, 1994:6.89

FIRE SERVICE RESCUE AND EXTRICATION

After 9/11 attack, National Urban Search and Rescue teams were dispatched to World Trade Center and Pentagon for survivor search, 2002:1.62

Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, April 19, 1995, 1996:1.50, 59, 1996:5.94, 1996:6.69

Alternative rescue options to use when shortest, easiest, best option not available, 2007:3.42

Amtrak trains rescuers to respond to railroad disasters, 2000:3.78

Apartment building fire, 2006:3.36

Electric generating station fire, 1994:6.91

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1991:4.51, 53, 58, 2001:4.77, 2002:4.78, 80

Firefighter injuries related to, 1991:6.50, 1996:6.107, 108, 1998:6.56, 2000:6.48, 2006:6.82, 84

Fraternity house fire, 2007:6.17

Grain elevator explosion and fire, Kansas, June 8, 1998, 1999:5.54

Large number of occupants hampers rescue, 1994:5.95

Los Angeles County Fire Department search and rescue program meets diverse demands, 1995:6.55

Nursing home patients in restraints slow rescue, 1991:4.67

Office building complex fire, 1994:6.90

Robots used for rescue improved by innovations, 2004:2.40

To set rescue priorities, incident commander must consider many factors, 2000:4.24

Technical rescue, evolution and value of, 2000:2.74

World Trade Center effort guided by NFPA emergency rescue standards, 2001:6.41

FIRE SUPPRESSION. See FIRE SERVICE OPERATIONS; SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

FIRE TESTS

Adequacy and validity of existing tests, 1994:2.14

European Community product testing standards will affect U. S. building materials, 1992:5.45

Interior finish test methods must keep up with growing number of products, 2001:2.53

FIRE WALLS. See WALLS, FIRE

FIRE WATCHES

Failure to provide, factor in store fire, 2004:3.18

Meeting hall fire, 1998:1.21

Transformer fire, 1998:1.22

FIREFIGHTER FATALITIES

Apartment building fire, N. Y., N. Y., March 28, 1994, 1995:6.85

Apartment building fire, N. Y., N. Y., Dec. 18, 1998, 1999:3.84

BLEVE, LP-Gas tank, Iowa, April 9, 1998, fire investigation report, 1998:6.42

Chemical packaging and storage facility, Arkansas, May 8, 1997, 1998:5.53

False alarm-related, U. S., 1984-1993, 1995:1.48

Firefighter fatalities are personal loss to fellow fire service members, 1999:4.38

Furniture refinishing plant fire, Dec. 20, 1991, 1992:3.73

Heart attacks, resulting from, 1993:2.73

High-rise building fires, 1992:5.56

High-rise club/hotel fire, Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 5, 1992, 1992:6.31

High-rise office building fire, Philadelphia, Pa, Feb. 23, 1991, 1991:5.64

Identifying and mitigating fireground risks to avert firefighter fatalities, 1998:4.70

NIOSH firefighter fatality investigation summarized, 2004:5.13, 6.13

Office building fire, Denver, Colo., Sept. 28, 1992, 1993:2.33

Ten year analysis, 1984-1994, 1994:4.62

Training, 1996-2005 U. S. fatalities related to, 2006:4.40

U. S., 1977-2007 fatalities, changes over 30-year period, 2007:4.48

U. S., 1990 report, 1991:4.46

U. S., 1991 report, 1992:4.40

U. S., 1992 report, 1993:4.44

U. S., 1993 report, 1994:4.55

U. S., 1994 report, 1995:4.83

U. S., 1995 report, 1996:4.63

U. S., 1996 report, 1997:4.46

U. S., 1996-2005 fatalities related to training, 2006:4.40

U. S., 1997 report, 1998:4.50

U. S., 1998 report, 1999:4.54

U. S., 1999 report, 2000:4.46

U. S., 2000 report, 2001:4.66

U. S., 2001 report, 2002:4.68

U. S., 2002 report, 2003:4.56

U. S., 2003 report, 2004:4.44

U. S., 2004 report, 2005:4.48

U. S., 2005 report, 2006:4.50

U. S., 2006 report, 2007:4.58

Wildland fire fighting rules to prevent fire fighter fatalities, 1994:3.33

World Trade Center attack demonstrates need to refine first responder preparedness and protective equipment, 2001:6.46

FIREFIGHTER INJURIES

1990 report, 1991:6.42

1991 report, 1992:6.56

1992 report, 1993:6.56

1993 report, 1994:6.57

1994 report, 1995:6.63

1995 report, 1996:6.103

1996 report, 1997:6.66

1997 report, 1998:6.48

1998 report, 1999:6.46

1999 report, 2000:6.40

2000 report, 2001:6.49

2001 report, 2003:1.62

2002 report, 2003:6.64

2003 report, 2004:6.58

2004 report, 2005:6.50

2005 report, 2006:6.76

2006 report, 2007:6.84

Questions on decreasing injuries answered, 1999:6.24

FIREFIGHTER SAFETY

Analyze risk before risking lives, 1995:1.21

Command safety guidelines, 1991:1.74

Fire fighting demands aerobic fitness, 1993:2.68

Hantavirus poses health threat to wilderness fire fighters, 1994:2.31

NFPA 1500, Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, keeps personnel safe, 1997:4.74

NFPA 1500, Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, two-in/two-out rule exception, 2006:6.30

NFPA 1584, Rehabilitation of Members Operating at Incident Scene Operations and Training Exercises, provides blueprint for managing rehabilitation, 2005:2.32

NFPA 1971, Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting, 1997 edition, consolidates testing, performance requirements for structural fire fighting ensemble, 1997:6.62

Personal responsibility plays important role in firefighter health and safety, 1999:2.38

Reconciling safety and customer service needs, 1992:4.86

Urban problems confront fire service, 1993:2.14

Wildland fire fighting personnel qualifications, NFPA standard, 1994:1.33

Wildland fire fighting rules to prevent fire fighter fatalities, 1994:3.33

Working in pairs as a fundamental safety concept, 1993:2.33

FIREFIGHTER TRAINING

Certified Fire Protection Specialist credential highlights your skills, 2004:2.26

College student firefighters still key to Prince George County Fire and Rescue, 2003:5.64

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1999:4.56, 2000:4.58, 59, 2001:4.78, 2002:4.78, 2004:4.54, 2006:4.61, 62, 2007:4.68

1996-2005 U. S. deaths, report on, 2006:4.40

Firefighter injuries related to, 1998:6.55, 1999:6.56, 2004:6.65, 2005:6.56, 2006:6.85, 2007:6.90

Firefighter Investment and Response Enhancement (FIRE) Act offers federal grants, 2001:3.48

Hazardous materials incidents use new training regimens, 1995:2.90

Hazardous materials training programs' effectiveness questioned, 1995:4.27

NFPA 1403, Live Fire Training Evolutions, covers different types of training fires, 2003:3.62

NFPA 1584, Rehabilitation of Members Operating at Incident Scene Operations and Training Exercises, provides blueprint for rehabilitation at training, 2005:2.32

NFPA Center of High-Risk Outreach trains Johannesburg fire service, 2005:1.10

NFPA increases online training with certificate programs, 2002:6.27

NFPA introduces training seminars at 1997 Fall Meeting, 1998:2.64

NFPA offers new initiatives for training on codes and standards, 2000:5.92

NFPA online learning center provides cost-effective certificate courses, 2003:6.17

State fire training methods, 1995:1.61

Stress, fear, of wildland fires counteracted by training, 1995:4.41

System operation training for fire fighters; review of literature, 1994:3.59

Truck company duties need emphasis, 1995:5.19

FIREPLACES. See also ASHES

Construction fault results in ignition of floor joists, 1993:6.81

Creosote buildup ignited, chimney collapsed, 2001:6.64

Diesel fuel ignites fire, 1992:2.29

Embers ignite couch, 1996:5.91

Embers ignite stored wood, 2004:5.69

Fire ignites leaked LP-Gas from stove, 1999:1.18

Fire ignites living room contents, 2003:6.14

Fireplaces rank highest among heating fires, 2006:6.16

Heat, flames escape from flue, firebox, ignite structural framing, 2002:6.20

Lighter fluid used to rekindle fire, 1996:1.23

FIRES

Earthquakes as cause of (See EARTHQUAKES AND SUBSEQUENT FIRES)

Explosions and (See EXPLOSIONS AND FIRES)

Myths of fire, 1994:6.67

FIRESTOPPING. See also THROUGH-PENETRATION PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Clarification of industry's terminology, 1996:2.79

Lack of, factor in fire spread, 1992:4.25, 1995:4.37, 1996:6.65, 1998:1.21

FIREWATCH COLUMNS, 1991:1.27, 2.29, 3.25, 4.25, 5.25, 6.23, 1992:1.21, 2.25, 3.31, 4.25, 5.25, 6.25, 1993:1.25, 2.19, 3.33, 4.25, 5.35, 6.27, 1994:1.29, 2.27, 3.27, 4.29, 5.27, 6.33, 1995:1.31, 2.29, 3.37, 4.37, 5.33, 6.35, 1996:1.21, 2.23, 3.35, 4.21, 5.23, 6.21, 1997:1.25, 2.21, 3.29, 4.19, 5.21, 6.19, 1998:1.21, 2.16, 3.36, 4.19, 5.15, 6.21, 1999:1.17, 2.23, 3.43, 4.19, 5.19, 6.17, 2000:1.19, 2.21, 3.32, 4.16, 5.20, 6.14, 2001:1.20, 2.20, 3.26, 4.20, 5.22, 6.18, 2002:1.18, 2.22, 3.30, 4.16, 5.18, 6.18, 2003:1.12, 2.20, 3.14, 4.14, 5.14, 6.12, 2004:1.14, 2.16, 3.18, 4.16, 5.14, 6.16, 2005:1.14, 2.18, 3.24, 4.16, 5.24, 6.16, 2006:1.16, 2.24, 3.30, 4.24, 5.28, 6.18, 2007:1.15, 2.17, 3.23, 4.21, 5.25, 6.17

FIREWORKS. See also PYROTECHNICS

1997 report on deaths and injuries; 1980-1996 data compared, 1999:3.116

Apartment building fire cause, 1997:4.20

Apartment building fire ignited by airborne fireworks on roof, 2001:4.24

Boston Fourth of July display emphasizes safety, 2000:3.98

College building fire, possibly ignited by fireworks used inside, 2007:6.17

Consumer

Alliance to Stop Consumer Fireworks urges public to avoid use of fireworks, 2006:5.24

Child killed in fatal incident, Missouri, 2004, 2005:4.20

NFPA and other health and safety advocates call for ban on consumer fireworks, 2004:4.14

Profile of Stacy Miller, blinded by fireworks, illustrates dangers, 2004:5.38

Support for NFPA fireworks ban grows, 2005:4.14

Customer lit item in retail fireworks store, catastrophic fire cause, 1997:5.52

Dwelling fire, ignited by discarded fireworks, 2000:5.58

Dwelling fire, ignited by fireworks used inside, 2007:5.26

Dwelling fire, ignited by home manufacture of fireworks, 2007:3.30

Dwelling fire caused by legal fireworks, 2003:4.14

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2003:4.62

Firefighter injuries related to, 1994:6.64, 1999:6.55

Fireworks-related injuries, 2000:3.102

Illegal

Apartment building fire cause, 1997:3.30

Dwelling fire cause, 1992:4.26, 1996:4.21, 22, 2004:4.16

Dwelling fire cause, manufacture and storage of fireworks, 2001:1.21

Fire leads to fire safety program, 1996:4.22

Garage explosion-fire cause, 1991:1.31

Manufacturing plant fire cause, 1995:3.40

School fire cause, 1992:4.27

Manufacturing plant explosion/fire, 1991:4.30, 1992:4.71, 1993:3.35, 1999:5.54

Manufacturing plant fire, 2000:5.59

NFPA 1126, Use of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience, fall meeting review, 2000:5.93

NFPA develops standard to protect retail consumer fireworks facilities, 2001:3.94

Overview of fire losses, casualties caused by fireworks, 1992:4.56, 1993:4.55, 1994:4.78, 1995:4.61, 1996:4.79, 1997:4.78

Public display

Aerial shell fails to explode, kills child, 1996:4.24

Fatal explosion, fire, 1996:4.24

Mortars and stored fireworks ignite fire/explosion, 1998:5.55

Rocket explodes prematurely, ignites display barge, 1998:4.22

Pyrotechnic device used in theater ignites net, 1996:2.26

School fire ignited by fireworks placed in recycling bin, 2007:3.23

Sparkler, apartment building fire cause, 1997:2.21

Statistics on incidents and safety information, 1998:4.96

Storage trailer fire, Arkansas, July 4, 1999, 2000:5.60

Text of NFPA's July 4, 1914, pamphlet against fireworks use, 1995:4.81

Truck, catastrophic fire and explosion, 2004:5.73, 2006:5.63

U. S. amusement parks and resorts use NFPA standards for fireworks safety, 2002:3.78

Warehouse. catastrophic explosion/fire, Texas, July, 2003, 2004:5.72

Wildland/urban interface fire cause, 1997:6.59

FIRST RESPONSE COLUMNS

Budgeting for initial response crews, 1991:1.17

Community fire protection systems, 1991:4.16

Consumer fireworks, spreading the word on dangers of, 2001:3.6

Continuing the NFPA's lifesaving work after Sept. 11, 2001, 2001:6.6

Cover the Bases and Strike Out Fire is 2001 Fire Prevention Week campaign, 2001:5.6

Dedication is bond in fire service, 1993:5.128

Defining problems of fire services, 1993:2.30

Educating municipal officials about resource needs, 1993:1.80

Effective leaders encourage cooperation, 1994:3.164

Fable offers lessons for fire service, 1991:5.32

Farewell message from President George Miller, 2002:3.6

Fire service management concerns, 1991:3.17

Fire service management reviews, 1992:3.124

Fire service organizations need to present a united front, 1993:6.128

Fire service splinter groups, 1991:2.19

Good fire service requires team effort, 1993:4.96

Improving fire protection despite budget limits, 1992:6.14

Internal departmental conflict negatively impacts budgets, 1994:4.112

Leadership: what is it?, 1994:1.96

Leadership takes many forms, 1994:2.112

Marketing fire service to gain public support, 1992:1.90

NFPA is leader in international standards development, 2002:1.6

NFPA members vote on minimum staffing issue, NFPA 1500, 1992:4.96

NFPA regional managers promote public safety and code adoption, 2002:2.6

NFPA's commitment to international members, 2001:4.6

Positive image wins budget support, 1992:2.96

Preplanning can help withstand budget cut pressures, 1994:5.128

Proactive safety leadership role required of fire departments, 1991:6.93

Regionalization and other answers to department downsizing, 1993:3.30

Safe Place program for young people, 1994:6.128

What firefighters do every day counts, 2001:1.6

Wildland/urban interface safety, 2001:2.6

FIRST RESPONSE (EDITORIAL) COLUMNS. See EDITORIALS

FIRST WORD COLUMNS

2004 reviewed: questions and answers with NFPA President Jim Shannon, 2005:1.6

2005 reviewed: questions and answers with NFPA President Jim Shannon, 2006:1.6

2006 reviewed: questions and answers with NFPA President Jim Shannon, 2007:1.6

After Cocoanut Grove fire, NFPA led fire safety reform efforts, 2007:6.6

Coalition for Fire-Safe Cigarettes' effort to pass state legislation makes astounding progress, 2007:5.6

Congressman Joe Moakley's long battle for fire-safe cigarettes, 2002:6.6

Deaths of 9 firefighters in Charleston, S.C., fire showed bravery of firefighters and danger of job, 2007:4.6

Fire Prevention Week spreads word on fire safety, 2006:5.6

Fire service preparedness efforts falling short, 2006:6.6

Fire tragedies of Winter, 2003, present challenges to NFPA, 2003:3.6

Firewise Communities/USA Program makes wildfire prevention a life safety priority, 2003:2.6

High-rise buildings and life safety, 2006:2.6

Holmes County, Mississippi, smoke alarm distribution project models taking personal responsibility for fire safety, 2003:6.6

Homeland security threats require federal support for first responders, 2003:4.6

Looking back on 2003: Q&A with James Shannon, 2004:1.6

National Electrical Code® is national standard, 2004:3.6

NFPA commitment to equal access and evacuation for people with disabilities, 2005:3.6

NFPA continues push for nationwide fire-safe cigarette requirement, 2005:6.6

NFPA continues to support consumer fireworks ban, 2006:4.6

NFPA is best equipped to serve California with NFPA 5000™ and NFPA 1, 2003:5.6

NFPA members/supporters encouraged to join Coalition for Fire-Safe Cigarettes, 2006:3.6

NFPA must be an international organization to fulfill its mission, 2002:5.6

NFPA needs to do more to advance our safety mission, 2007:2.6

NFPA standards meet seriousness of threat to homeland security, 2004:4.6

NFPA working with fire departments to attack fire problem aggressively, 2007:3.6

NFPA's advocacy for fire safety education reflected in Fire Prevention Week, 2004:5.6

NFPA's open standards adoption process enhances life safety, 2005:2.6

NFPA's reputation for integrity attracts international interest in its codes, 2004:6.6

Nursing homes need comprehensive fire protection, 2004:2.6

Post 9/11 research and action programs need federal funding, 2002:4.6

Saving firefighters' lives through health/wellness efforts and training, 2005:4.6

Tobacco companies should embrace fire-safe cigarettes, 2005:5.6

U. S. Appeals Court decision on copyright law for codes and standards obstacle to NFPA, 2003:1.6

FISH HATCHERY COMPLEX FIRE, LEAVENWORTH, WASH.

Wildland fire, 1994, 1995:2.48

FLAME DETECTORS. See DETECTORS, FLAME

FLAMMABLE, COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

Alternative fuels becoming more common at filling stations, 2002:6.46

Doubled height for palletized 55-gal. drum storage using new storage/sprinkler design criteria, 2000:1.66

Fueling accident at Denver International Airport leads to aircraft fueling policy changes, 2002:5.66

Intermediate bulk storage containers, test data for, 1999:3.122

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, addresses life safety for high-hazard storage uses, 2000:4.30

Storage lockers for hazardous materials with characteristics of, 1994:5.71

FLAMMABLE, COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS FIRES. See also ACCELERANTS; GASOLINE; HEATING-AND-COOKING EQUIPMENT FIRES; LP-GAS FIRES; OIL; PROPANE; VAPORS, FLAMMABLE

Acetone ignited by kerosene, 2005:6.22

Aircraft fuel ignited by backfire, 2006:6.75, 2007:6.83

Aircraft fuel ignited by electric arc, 1994:5.106

Aircraft fuel ignited by engine, 1998:4.22

Aircraft fuel ignites after crash, 1995:6.110, 2005:5.60

Airport fuel ignited by unknown source, 1991:6.73

Alcohol, possible misused in kerosene heater, fatal fire cause, 1998:2.16

Alcohol ignited in truck/train collision, 1991:4.70

Aviation fuel ignites incendiary fire, 2002:3.34

Butadine ignites, causes explosion and fire, 2000:6.84

Charcoal lighter ignites catastrophic fire, 1996:5.97

Charcoal lighter used to ignite chair, 1991:5.28

Class 1A liquid atomized, ignited by gas-fueled equipment, 2000:4.16

Class 1B liquid involved in chemical processing area fire, 2000:6.91

Class II liquid fuel ignited in locomotive fire, 1998:6.91

Cleaning solvent ignites power plant fire, 2000:5.60

Diesel fuel fuels railroad car fire, 1996:5.101

Diesel fuel ignited by hot manifold, 1991:2.30

Duplicating fluid spills, ignited by match, 1994:2.30

Floor stripper vapors ignited, 1994:5.105

Furniture refinishing liquids ignite combustibles in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.71

Furniture refinishing liquids ignite trash, 1995:6.38

Glue, spilled, ignited by arc from extension cord, 1998:4.20

Glue overheats, ignites, 1993:4.27

Heat transfer fluid (HTF) ignited by gas heater, 1991:6.76

Hydraulic fluids ignited in electrical room, 1999:6.97

Ink, in drums, ignited, 1995:6.107

Kerosene, stored, contributes to spread of catastrophic fire, 1994:5.96

Kerosene from portable heater ignites dwelling fire, 2000:6.17

Kerosene fuels catastrophic fire, 1992:4.69, 1996:5.92

Kerosene heater ignites acetone, 2005:6.22

Kerosene heater ignites chair, 2000:5.58

Kerosene residue from leaking stove ignited by electric space heater, 2001:1.22

Kerosene space heater flashes, with fireball, ignites pole spray curtain, 2000:6.86

Kerosene spill ignited by lamp in fatal fire, 1997:6.20

Lacquer overheats, ignites catastrophic fire, 1991:2.31

Lacquer thinner came in contact with electrical outlet, arc ignites vapors, 2000:6.92

Lacquer thinner vapors ignite, explode, 2000:5.20

Lacquer thinner vapors ignited by pilot light, 1994:5.104

Lantern fuel ignited by space heater, 1994:3.28

Molotov cocktails used to ignite incendiary fire, 30

Nail salon products stored in bedroom, possible fire cause, 2001:3.34

Naptha, possible fire factor, 2000:5.60

Naptha feed overheats, releases, ignited by furnace, 1996:6.64

Naptha leak ignited by heat source, 2000:5.59, 2000:6.83

Naptha spill ignites refinery fire, 2005:2.18

Oils, glue, dye saturated floor, increased fire spread, 1994:6.98

Paint thinner used to ignite school fire, 1991:3.27

Pentane ignited by electrical arc from forklift controls, 1991:6.26

Resin and catalyst leaked onto fiberglass matting to create heat reaction, 1993:5.37

Resin overheats, ignites, boils over, to spread manufacturing plant fire, 2003:3.18

Resin-processing pit, spontaneous ignition starts in, 2005:1.20

Rubbing alcohol used to ignite catastrophic fire, 1992:4.67

Solvent in epoxy resin heated beyond flashpoint, 1993:5.37

Stored liquids fuel automobile dealership fire, 2000:5.23

Stored liquids ignited by burning fragments from explosion, 1995:5.66

Stored liquids ignited by flash fire, 1993:6.27

Tetrachlorethane reacts with oxygen in purification vessel, 2000:5.60

Unknown liquid

Catastrophic fire ignited by, 1991:4.64, 65, 1992:4.69, 1995:5.53, 58, 2006:5.62

Fatal fire ignited by, 1993:2.33

Fire ignited by, 1995:5.34

Incendiary fire ignited by, 1999:4.21, 2000:4.16, 2000:4.19, 2000:6.14, 2002:2.22, 2002:4.20, 2006:1.22, 6.24, 68, 2007:1.17, 20

Large-loss fire ignited by, 1995:6.99

Plastic ignited by, 1994:6.93

Refinery fire ignited by, 2006:5.62, 6.75

Vapors released through foam system, ignite tank fire, 1996:6.66

Wood stain soaked paper towels ignite spontaneously, 1998:4.21

FLAMMABLE PRODUCTS

Effectiveness of current product labeling systems, 1994:1.71

FLASHOVERS

Apartment building fire, Illinois, March 20, 1995, 1995:5.53

Apartment building fire, Iowa, Dec. 22, 1999, 2000:5.57

Apartment building fire, Ohio, 1996, 1997:4.20

Boat fire, Florida, April, 2004, 2005:6.48

Church fire, 1989, 1991:1.30

Church fire, California, 2005, 2006:1.22

Club/hotel fire, Indiana, 1992, 1992:6.31

College laboratory fire, Texas, 1996, 1997:5.23

Dormitory fire, Maine, 2000, 2001:3.30

Dwelling fire, California, Dec., 2006, 2007:6.80

Dwelling fire, Illinois, 1997, 1998:1.23

Dwelling fire, Massachusetts, 1993, 1994:6.34

Dwelling fire, Pennsylvania, 1997, 1998:3.38

Dwelling fire, South Carolina, Nov. 7, 1992, 1993:5.64

Dwelling fire, Virginia, Jan. 20, 1996, 1997:5.50

Garage fire, California, 2001, 2002:6.21

Group home fire, Illinois, 1994, 1995:6.37

Hotel fire, Colorado, Jan. 27, 1997, 1998:5.49

Hotel fire, Nevada, Oct., 2006, 2007:5.57

Manufactured home fire, Idaho, Sept. 27, 1997, 1998:5.46

Manufacturing plant fire, Massachusetts, June 6, 1997, 1998:6.86

Nursing home fire, Tennessee, Sept., 2003, 2004:5.70

Restaurant fire, California, 1998:4.22

Rooming house fire, Ohio, Feb. 18, 1991, 1992:4.67

School fire, Maryland, Oct. 24, 1993, 1994:5.105

Shopping mall fire, Arkansas, 1996, 21

Store fire, California, July 2, 1999, 2000:6.91

Store fire, Georgia, June, 2004, 2005:6.48

Vacant building fire, Alabama, 2002, 2003:5.18

FLEMING, JOSEPH M.

Profile of, 1998:1.37

FLEMING, RUSSELL P.

Profile of, 1991:2.14

FLOORS

Collapse, firefighter injury related to, 2000:6.46

Collapse hinders fire fighting operations, 1997:3.30, 2003:6.81

Collapse hinders rescue of trapped fire fighter, 1993:2.33

Collapse traps fire fighters, 1992:3.73

Fire involving, 1991:1.27, 2006:5.28

Fire spread through, 1994:5.96, 1994:6.90, 2001:6.62

Fire started under, 1997:6.50

NFPA 288, Fire Tests of Floor Fire Door Assemblies Installed in Fire Resistance Rated Floor Systems, annual meeting review, 2001:2.81

Saturated with flammable liquids, increased fire spread, 1994:6.98

Unstable, hinders fire fighting operations, 2004:6.17

FLORIDA

Adult congregate living facility fire, 1994, 1995:6.35

Aircraft crash fire, Aug. 7, 1997, 1998:6.91

Aircraft fire, Dec., 1998, 1999:6.94

Apartment building fire, 1990, 1991:3.25

Apartment building fire, 1992, 1993:1.27

Apartment building fire, 1993, 1994:5.27, 1994:6.33

Apartment building fire, 1996, 1997:3.29

Apartment building fire, 2000, 2001:3.34

Apartment building fire, 2001, 2002:1.20

Apartment building fire, 2002, 2003:4.14

Assisted living facility, 2002, 2003:6.12

Boat fire, April 19, 1996, 1997:6.60

Boat fire, May, 2002, 2003:6.81

Boat fire, April, 2004, 2005:6.48

Building-under-construction fire, 1998, 1999:4.21

Building-under-construction fire, May, 2000, 2001:6.63

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, Jan. 17, 1991, 1992:4.72

Aircraft, May 11, 1996, 1997:5.54

Aircraft, March, 2000, 2001:5.79

Board and care facility, Dec. 1, 1994, 1995:5.64

Dwelling, Jan. 13, 1990, 1991:4.64

Dwelling, Feb. 25, 1990, 1991:4.66

Dwelling, Oct. 15, 1990, 1991:4.64

Dwelling, March 13, 1993, 1994:5.98

Dwelling, Mar. 13, 1998, 1999:5.52

Dwelling, Feb., 2004, 2005:5.57

Dwelling, Sept., 2004, 2005:5.58

Dwelling, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Garage, Aug. 18, 1998, 1999:5.56

Hotel, April 6, 1990, 1991:4.64

Manufactured home, April, 2006, 2007:5.57

Manufacturing plant explosion, April 13, 1994, 1995:5.66, 1995:6.106

Motor vehicle, Nov. 9, 1996, 1997:5.55

Motor vehicle, March, 2000, 2001:5.79

Motor vehicle, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.80

Motor vehicle, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.73

Train/truck/automobile, March 17, 1993, 1994:5.106

Truck, July, 2003, 2004:5.73

Truck/recreational vehicle, Feb., 2004, 2005:5.60

Vehicles, Nov., 2002, 2003:5.75

Church fire, 2001, 2002:3.34

Club fire, 1993, 1994:5.30

Club fire, Jan., 2005, 2006:6.73

Detention facility fire, 1992, 1993:3.33

Disney World fire protection systems, 1996:3.119

Dwelling fire, 1992, 1993:2.21, 1993:5.35

Dwelling fire, May 4, 1997, 1998:6.90

Dwelling fire, Oct. 22, 1997, 1998:6.90

Dwelling fire, 2000, 2001:3.36

Dwelling fire, Feb., 2000, 2001:6.64

Dwelling fire, 2004, 2005:3.26

Dwelling fire, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.71

Electric generating plant fire, July, 1992, 1993:6.82

Electric generating plant fire, Aug., 1995, 1996:6.72

Electric generating plant fire, June 30, 1997, 1998:6.91

Fatal fires

Apartment building, 1990, 1991:6.24

Apartment building, 1995, 1996:1.23

Apartment building, 1998, 1999:1.17

Board and care facility, December 1, 1994, fire investigation report, 1998:5.37

Dwelling, 1993, 1994:4.32

Dwelling, 2000, 2001:4.22, 2001:6.21

Dwelling, 2004, 2004:3.20

Hospital, 2004, 2005:6.22

Hotel, 1997, 1998:6.23

Manufactured home, 1990, 1991:4.26, 1991:5.28

Manufactured home, 1997, 1998:4.20

Manufactured home, 2001, 2002:2.24

Manufactured home, 2003, 2004:5.18, 2004:6.17

Manufactured home, 2006, 2007:4.26

Nursing home, 2005, 2006:3.32

Storage facility, 1990, 1991:3.29

Hospital fire, 2000, 2001:5.26

Hotel fire, 1993, 1994:2.29

Hotel fire, 1994, 1995:2.29

Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station present unique fire protection and prevention challenges, 2004:3.54

Manufacturing plant fire, 1992, 1993:5.37

Manufacturing plant fire, Nov., 1993, 1994:6.94

Manufacturing plant fire, Sept. 5, 1996, 1997:1.28, 6.50

Manufacturing plant fire, Feb., 1998, 1999:6.91

Manufacturing plant fire, May, 1998, 1999:6.90

Manufacturing plant fire, 2000, 2001:3.36

Marina fire, Aug. 30, 1999, 2000:6.91

Nursing home fire, 2002, 2003:5.20

Office building fire, June, 2005, 2006:6.74

Parking garage fire, 2003, 2004:5.14

Restaurant fire, 1994, 1995:2.31

Restaurant fire, 1996, 1997:3.29

Restaurant fire, 2001, 2002:3.32

Restaurant fire, 2002, 2003:6.12

School fire, 1993, 1994:1.29

Ship fire, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.98

Ship fire, July 20, 1998, 1999:1.38, 1999:6.94

Shopping mall fire, Sept. 6, 1996, 1997:6.53

Shopping mall fire, 1998, 1999:4.22

Store fire, 1993, 1994:4.30, 1994:5.30

Store fire, Jan., 1993, 1994:6.91

Store fire, Oct. 26, 1996, 1997:6.54

Store fire, Oct. 25, 1997, 1998:6.89

Store fire, 2000, 2001:1.22

Store fire, 2002, 2003:1.14

Theater fire, 1995, 1996:2.26

Tornadoes strike five counties, Feb. 22, 1998, emergency response, 1998:3.60

Warehouse fire, Jan., 1995, 1996:6.68

Warehouse fire, March, 2006, 2007:6.77

Wildland fire, 1992, 1993:3.36

Wildland fires, May to July, 1998, 1999:6.97

FOAM EXTINGUISHING AGENTS AND SYSTEMS

Aircraft fires extinguished with, 1995:6.110

Aircraft hangars, foam use in, 2000:4.79

Aqueous film-forming, on fuel tank fire, 1991:6.73

Electric generating plant fire controlled by, 1999:4.22

Electrical substation plant extinguished with, 1995:6.100

Electronic equipment repair plant fire extinguished with, 1995:6.108

Fixed pipe compressed-air foam (CAF) systems; innovative design described, 1999:4.46

High-expansion foam rendered ineffective by sprinkler system operation, 2003:2.25

Locomotive fire, use on, 1998:6.91

NFPA report on foam and environment, 1995:3.67

Nuclear power plant fire extinguished with, 2004:1.16

Oil fire extinguished with, 1994:6.94

Polyurethane foam manufacturing plant fire, use on, 1998:6.21

Ship fire extinguished with, 1994:6.98

FOAM INSULATION. See INSULATION

FOAM RUBBER OR POLYURETHANE

Catastrophic rooming house fire, ignited in, 1992:4.67

Manufacturing plant fire, 1998:3.41

Manufacturing plant fire, ignited in, 1995:6.107

Manufacturing plant fire, self-ignited in, 1998:6.21

Seat cushions, back ignited by accelerant, 1995:6.104

Stored foam products ignited by light fixtures, 1998:1.25

Stored polyurethane "buns" ignited by hot exhaust manifold, 1991:5.30

FOREST FIRES. See WILDLAND FIRES

FORKLIFT FIRES

Aerosol containers hit by forklift, 1996:4.23

Brake overheats, ignites combustibles, LP-Gas tank, 1996:6.63

Electric malfunction ignites warehouse fire, 1992:6.75

Electrical arc from controls ignited pentane, 1991:6.26

Exhaust manifold of unmanned forklift ignited stored polyurethane, 1991:5.30

Hot engine block ignited propane leaking from engine, 1991:2.33

Jammed paper leads to overheating, 1994:6.95

Motor vehicle collides with LPG-powered cleaner, 1997:6.57

Motor vehicle hits overhead lights, sparks ignite stock, 1993:6.85

Motor vehicle ruptures natural gas piping, 1994:1.30, 1996:6.65

Propane fuel leak causes explosion, 2006:1.16

Propane fuels, spreads fire, 2007:3.23

Propellant vapors ignited when truck started, 1999:1.19

Sodium light fixture hit by forklift, 1999:6.90

Space heater hit by forklift, natural gas feed line dislodged, 2001:2.24

Spark ignites solvent vapors, 1992:4.28

FORSMAN, DOUGLAS P.

Profile of, 1995:4.30

FORT WORTH, TEXAS.

Support services provided by fire stations, 1991:2.78

FOY, EDDIE

First person account of Iroquois Theatre fire, 1995:4.75

FRANCE

Eurotunnel (Channel tunnel) fire, November 18, 1996, analysis, 1997:2.58

Eurotunnel (Channel tunnel) fire led to revamped safety procedures and training, 2002:2.74

Fire protection for Eurotunnel (Channel tunnel), 1996:1.85

FRUSH, KAREN S.

Profile of, 2000:3.61

FUEL CELLS

Development of codes and standards for fire safety, 2001:1.58

Hydrogen fuel cells and their applications, 2005:3.58

FUNERAL HOME FIRES

Michigan, 1995, 1996:6.24

New Jersey, 1996, 1997:2.21

FURNISHINGS

1991 Life Safety Code regulations, 1991:4.20

Block door in catastrophic fire, 1993:5.62, 1994:5.96, 1995:5.59

Blocks windows in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.69

Chair ignited by smoking materials in catastrophic fire, 1994:5.102

Factors affecting fire hazards of, 1992:4.33

Fuel club/hotel fire, 1992:6.31

Hot object ignites wood table in catastrophic fire, 1994:5.97

Ignited in catastrophic fire, 1994:5.100, 2004:5.69

Railroad passenger cars, factor in catastrophic fire, 1997:6.59

Stored furnishings block access/egress in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.67

FURNITURE, UPHOLSTERED

Chair

Candle, ignited by, 2001:2.20

Child playing with charcoal lighter, ignited by, 1998:4.19

Child playing with lighter, ignited by, 1995:3.38, 1997:5.50

Cigar, ignited by, 2006:3.38

Cigarette, ignited by, 1992:4.67, 1996:5.91, 1998:1.23, 1999:6.18; 2001:2.20, 2002:6.18

Fan, tipped over, ignited by, 2006:4.27

Faulty extension cord, ignited by, 2000:5.58

Furnace heat, ignited by, 1995:5.62

Incendiary fire, ignited by, 1991:5.28, 1995:6.98

Kerosene heater, ignited by, 2000:5.58

Spreading fire, ignited by, 2004:6.17

Torch ignites fabric, 2005:6.16

Unknown source, ignited by, 1997:5.21, 2001:3.28, 2001:4.23

Consumer Products Safety Commission and Congress consider federal upholstery standards, 2004:2.30

European Commission furniture fire study, results, 1996:4.84

Fire started in, 2005:6.21

Recliner, ignited by undetermined source, 1994:5.100

Risk has been lowered by design changes but is still a concern, 2001:2.57

Showroom furniture ignited by molten slag from welding operation, 2000:6.91

Sofa

Accidentally ignited, 1992:4.69

Ashes, ignited by, 1993:5.64

Candle, ignited by, 1996:6.22, 1997:5.49, 1998:5.17, 2004:5.16, 2005:5.27, 2007:4.27

Child playing with fire, ignited by, 2000:5.22

Child playing with lighter, ignited by, 1991:4.65, 66, 1991:6.24, 1993:5.64, 1994:5.102, 1995:4.38, 1995:6.36, 1998:5:16, 1999:5.53, 2002:2.22, 2002:4.19, 2007:3.34

Child playing with matches, ignited by, 1991:4.64, 66, 1995:3.37, 1998:5.16

Cigarette, ignited by, 1991:3.26, 1991:4.65, 66, 1994:1.31, 1994:5.102, 1995:5.60, 1996:4.24, 1996:5.24, 91, 97, 1997:5.50, 1998:4.21, 5.46, 49, 1999:1.18, 1999:3.48, 1999:4.19, 2000:5.23, 56, 2007:1.20, 2.20

Cord short circuit, ignited by, 1997:3.29

Extension cord, damaged, ignited by, 2007:5.58

Extension cord short circuit, ignited by, 2004:5.18, 2007:5.58

Fire started in, 2004:2.19

Fireplace embers, ignited by, 1996:5.91

Fireworks, ignited by, 1997:4.20, 1998:4.19, 2007:5.26

Furnace, ignited by, 2005:2.22, 2006:5.32

Heater, ignited by, 2006:6.21

Intentionally ignited, 2002:2.24, 3.32, 6.21, 2004:5.69, 2007:3.32

Lamp cord short circuit, ignited by, 1993:6.28, 1999:2.23, 2003:1.15

Near point of origin in catastrophic fire, 1998:5.50

Open flame, ignited by, 1996:3.39

Power strip, overheated, ignites sofa, 2004:5.68

Smoking materials, ignited by, 1991:4.68, 1995:5.56, 1997:5.52, 53, 6.21, 2000:6.16, 2002:2.25, 2002:3.30, 2006:1.18

Space heater, ignited by, 1995:5.58, 1997:2.22, 2004:1.15

Spreading fire, ignited by, 1994:5.98, 2004:5.70

Suspicious fire, ignited by, 1993:5.66

Unknown cause, ignited by, 1994:5.96, 1995:5.54, 56, 1996:5.93, 1998:5.50, 1999:1.17, 2000:5.56

Sofa bed, ignited by smoking materials, 2001:3.36, 2001:5.78, 2006:1.18

GABRIELE, ROCCO J.

Profile of, 1995:2.22

GARAGE, AUTOMOBILE REPAIR, FIRES. See AUTOMOBILE REPAIR SHOP FIRES

GARAGE, PARKING, FIRES

Condominium, New Jersey, Sept., 2005, 2006:6.72

Florida, 2003, 2004:5.14

High-rise office building complex, New York, Feb. 26, 1993, 1994:5.104, 1994:6.90

Highway department heavy equipment garage, New York, July, 1995, 1996:6.68

GARAGE, RESIDENTIAL, FIRES

California, 1992, 1993:6.29

California, 2001, 2002:6.21

California, 2003, 2004:5.18

Catastrophic

California, July 22, 1991, 1991:4.67

Wisconsin, April 22, 1991, 1992:4.68

Maryland, March, 2004, 2005:6.45

Massachusetts, 1996, 1997:6.20

Missouri, 2003, 2004:5.17

New York, 2004, 2005:3.26

Ohio, 1989, 1991:1.31

Texas, 2001, 2002:2.24

GAS. See also COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS; PROPANE

Ammonia line bursts, poses toxic threat to fire fighters, 1993:6.85

Carbon monoxide is top hazard, 1995:5.23

Hazardous incident responders need multigas detectors, 1995:6.25

Methanol vapors ignited in laboratory fire, 2001:1.20

Natural gas, handling incidents involving vehicles fueled by, 1994:4.84

Natural gas odorant filtered out by soil, 1995:5.62

NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities, and NFPA 99C, Gas and Vacuum Systems, outline gas use requirements, 2001:3.43

GAS EQUIPMENT FIRES. See also HEATING-AND-COOKING EQUIPMENT FIRES

Clothes dryer, mop heads ignite in, 1998:5.17

Clothes dryer overheats, ignites bed linens inside, 2007:5.32

Clothes dryer overheats, ignites napkins inside, 1998:5.18

Gas burners of food dryers, debris dislodged, ignites dust and food products, 2007:6.22

GAS EXPLOSIONS

Coke gas with hydrogen, 1995:5.64

Leak from pipeline seeps into basement, ignites catastrophic explosion, 1999:5.55

GAS FIRES. See also HEATING-AND-COOKING EQUIPMENT FIRES; HYDROGEN FIRES; LP-GAS FIRES; NATURAL GAS FIRES; PROPANE

Butane, leaking from stove fuel cylinder, ignites fire, 1994:5.30

CNG vehicle fueling station fire, Wisconsin, 1999, 2000:2.23

Compressed natural gas, ignited by static discharge, 1994:4.29

Compressed natural gas cylinder ruptures, causing explosion and fire, 1994:4.30

Fire-generated combustible gases cause flashover, fire spread, 1992:6.31

Flame from LP-Gas fire causes natural gas regulator to fail, leaking gas ignites, 1998:3.36

Flammable gas ignited by short circuit electrical arc, 2006:6.75

Gas compressor fire, 1998:6.85

Gas-fueled dry cleaning equipment ignites Class 1A liquid, 2000:4.16

Hydrocarbon/hydrogen mixture, ignited by unknown source, 1993:6.82

Isobutyl propane, ignited by electrical arc, 1992:6.28

Methanol vapors flash when ignited in chemistry experiment, 2005:1.14

Oxygen fuels hospital fire, 1994:5.104

Pentane, ignited by hot plate, 1992:3.33

GAS FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS. See also HYDROGEN FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS; LP-GAS FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS; NATURAL GAS FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS; PROPANE

Acetylene, ignited by spreading fire, 1994:6.36

Ammonia leak ignited in cheese processing cooler, 2000:6.85

Buildup of gas in boiler ignited by undetermined source, 2000:6.95

Catastrophic fire cause, 2002:5.82

Ethyl alcohol vapors, ignited by torch, 1993:5.67

Flammable gas ignited by molten metal, 2001:5.78, 2001:6.61

Gas feed line separates from generator motor, ignites vapors, 2001:6.64

Gas release from reactor results in chemical plant explosion/fire, 2001:6.61

Gasoline vapor leak into storm drain collects in crawl space, 2000:3.32

Hexane, vapors from leak ignited by automobile, 1995:6.103

Methane buildup ignites mine fire, 1993:5.66

Methane ignited by lightning strike, leads to mine explosion, 2007:5.60

Methane leak ignited by acetylene torch in mine fire, 2007:5.60

Methane vapors, ignited by torch, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.82

Methane vapors ignited by torch in mine fire, 2004:5.72

Methyl t-butyl ether ignites laboratory fire, 1993:6.27

GAS LINES

Hydrogen

Contributed fuel to fire, 1994:6.91

Pipe connection failed, 1991:5.30

Ruptured, ignited by friction, 1994:6.36

Natural gas

Contributed fuel to fire, 1994:6.91

Distribution main over-pressured causes flare-ups, explosions, 1993:5.68

Failed due to heat from fire, 1991:4.25

High pressure line leaks, causes explosion, fire, 1994:5.108

Pipeline leaks into subfloor space, ignited by water heater, 2002:6.18

Pipeline to kiln fails, gas ignited by pilot flame, 1997:6.52

Ruptured, fuels fire, 1993:6.86

Ruptured, gasoline ignited by spark, 1993:6.29

Ruptured by collapsing structural members, 1995:6.103

Ruptured main, ignites fireball, 2003:2.20

Ruptured pipeline ignites fireball, 2001:5.79

Service line leaks, causes explosion, fire, 1995:5.62

Work crew struck pipeline, leak into basement ignites catastrophic explosion, 1999:5.55

Propane

Failed, fuel catastrophic fire, 1992:4.70

Fractured, ignited by greater, 1991:3.27

GAS STATION FIRES. See SERVICE STATION FIRES

GASOLINE. See also AUTOMOBILE FIRES; TRUCK FIRES

Candle, ignited by, 1991:4.26

Collision ignites gasoline in truck/motor home fire, 2005:5.60

Fuel in scooter in kitchen intensified fire, 2006:5.61

Fuel leaking from vehicle tank ignited by heat from drop light, 1997:6.23

Fuel tank rupture ignites in vehicle fire, 1998:5.55, 2005:5.60

Gasoline residue on clothing ignites, 1994:5.97

Gasoline-soaked charcoal used to ignite water heater, ignites leaking gas, 1999:3.48

Gasoline-soaked clothing used to ignite incendiary fire, 1993:5.36

Generator spark ignites fumes, 1994:5.106

Ignited in living area, catastrophic fire cause, 2005:5.57

Incendiary fire, used to ignite, 1994:5.100, 1995:5.60, 66, 1996:1.21, 1996:5.91, 92, 97, 1998:5.50, 2002:5.22, 2006:5.60, 2007:2.22, 2007:3.34

Kerosene heater fuel, used as, 1999:5.56

Kerosene heater fuel, used as; ignited bedding, 1992:2.28

Leak into storm drain collects in crawl space, causes explosion, 2000:3.32

Leaking from dislodged fuel pump reaches exposed wires, ignites, 2002:4.18

Leaking fuel from punctured tanks ignites in vehicle fires, 1998:5.55

Leaking fuel ignited in vehicle collision, 2006:5.63

Leaking fuel ignites motor home fire, 2004:5.73

Leaking fuel ignites vehicle fire, 2004:5.73, 2007:5.62

Light fixture, ignited by, 1991:2.30

Lighter or cigarette, gasoline used as cleaner ignited by, 2003:1.15

Marina fire fueled by, 2002:1.21

Molotov cocktails used to ignite incendiary fire, 30

Portable electric droplight falls to floor, ignites gasoline puddle, 2001:5.78

Portable generators, safe use of, 2000:2.96, 2006:6.16

Ruptured lines spill gasoline onto electrical equipment, arc ignites fuel, 2007:4.21

Ruptured pipeline fire, Washington, June 10, 1999, 2000:6.96

Spark, ignited by, 1991:4.30

Spark, ignited by; improper handling as factor, 1991:2.31

Spill, catastrophic fire cause, 2002:5.82

Spill in service station accident ignites, 2005:5.32

Spilled gasoline ignited by catalytic converter or spark in vehicle fire, 1998:5.55

Spilled gasoline vapors ignited by space heater, 1997:1.26

Spilled gasoline vapors ignited by water heater, 2004:5.17

Storage tank pipes, ignited in truck accident, 1991:2.32

Stored gasoline and gasoline-powered yard equipment, factors in catastrophic fire, 1997:5.50

Vapors

Automobile fuel tank vapors ignited by pilot light, 1991:4.67

In bilge ignite boat explosion, fire, 1995:4.39

Boat explosion, fire ignited by, 1998:3.42

In carburetor ignite, 1998:6.89

From container in car, ignited by cigarette lighter, 2005:2.28

Cutting torch, ignited by, 1995:6.38

Fuel line leak vapors cause boat fire, 1991:4.31

Gas furnace, ignited by, 1992:6.28

Of gasoline used for cleaning contributed to fire spread, 1997:5.23

From heated gasoline ignited by stove burner, 1997:4.19

In motor home ignited catastrophic fire, 1993:5.68

Natural gas heater, ignited by, 1997:2.23

From open container ignited by water heater pilot-light, 2002:6.21

Spark from engine, under repair, ignited by, 2005:3.26

Spilled gasoline vapors ignited by pilot light, 1992:5.26, 1993:2.21

Tank storage facility ignited by, 1991:3.29

Vacuum cleaner spark, ignited by, 1992:5.28

Wall heater, ignited by, in incendiary fire, 2001:6.21

Water heater, ignited by, gasoline in bathtub, 2005:4.18

Victims in incendiary fire ignited by, 1991:4.68

Well head ignited by spark, 1993:6.29

Wood stove, used to kindle; ignited fire, 1991:4.68, 2007:2.18

GENERAL SLOCUM EXCURSION STEAMER FIRE, N. Y., N. Y.

Large-loss-of-life fire, 1904, 1995:4.80

GEORGIA. See also ATLANTA, GA.

Aircraft/truck fire, May, 1991, 1992:6.77

Apartment complex fire, 1995, 1996:1.22

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, Jan. 12, 1995, 1996:5.100

Aircraft, Aug. 21, 1995, 1996:5.99

Aircraft, July, 2006, 2007:5.62

Board and care facility, March 11, 1990, 1991:4.67

Dwelling, Jan. 26, 1993, 1994:5.97

Dwelling, Feb. 3, 1993, 1994:5.96

Dwelling, June 27, 1993, 1994:5.98

Dwelling, Feb. 4, 1995, 1996:5.92

Dwelling, Jan. 23, 1996, 1997:5.50

Dwelling, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Manufactured home, April 11, 1994, 1995:5.56

Manufactured home, March, 2000, 2001:5.75

Manufactured home, Jan., 2002, 2003:5.75

Manufacturing plant, March, 2001, 2002:5.82

Office building, Jan. 12, 1995, 1996:5.100

Power plant, Aug. 14, 1999, 2000:5.60

Railroad rolling stock, Aug. 9, 1990, 1991:4.72

Truck/automobile fire, Apr. 3, 1996, 1997:5.54

Vacant club, Dec. 12,1 990, 1991:4.68

Church fire, 2001, 2002:1.19

College building fire, Aug. 15, 1995, 1996:6.73

Dwelling fire, 1999, 2000:3.36

Electric generating plant fire, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

Fatal fires

Apartment building, 2006, 2007:3.34

Dwelling, 1991, 1992:2.29

Dwelling, 1993, 1994:1.32

Dwelling, 1996, 1997:2.22

Dwelling, 1998, 1999:1.18, 1999:3.48

Dwelling, 2002, 2003:6.14

Dwelling, 2006, 2007:6.20

Manufactured home, Dec. 14, 1996, 1997:5.49

Manufacturing plant fire, May, 2003, 2004:6.52

Manufacturing plant fire, May, 2004, 2005:6.45

Manufacturing plant fire, 1994, 1995:2.32

Manufacturing plant fire, March, 1994, 1995:6.106

Manufacturing plant fire, Jan., 1995, 1996:6.62

Manufacturing plant fire, 1996, 1997:3.33

Manufacturing plant fire, Aug. 23, 1996, 1997:6.50

Manufacturing plant fire, Aug. 24, 1996, 1997:6.52

Manufacturing plant fire, Dec. 24, 1996, 1997:6.52

Office building fire, Jan. 12, 1997, 1997:3.52

Office building fire, 2000, 2001:3.26

Office building fire, 2003, 2004:1.14

Railroad equipment fire, May, 2003, 2004:6.54

Storage and recycling facility fire, March, 1993, 1994:6.97

Storage facility fire, March, 1993, 1994:6.97

Storage facility fire, April, 1993, 1994:6.97

Storage facility fire, Sept., 1995, 1996:6.68

Storage facility fire, 1999, 2000:6.14

Store fire, Jan, 1994, 1995:6.100

Store fire, Apr. 16, 1996, 1997:6.54, 1998:1.50

Store fire, Oct. 26, 1997, 1998:6.89

Store fire, June, 2004, 2005:6.48

Store fire, 2005, 2006:6.24

Tank farm fire, April, 1995, 1996:6.66

Theater fire, 1999, 2000:6.14

Warehouse fire, Jan. 26, 1990, 1991:6.76

Warehouse fire, May, 1992, 1993:6.86

Warehouse fire, March 10, 1999, 2000:6.90

GERMANY

Düsseldorf, fatal airport terminal fire, Apr. 11, 1996, 1996:4.43

High-speed train crash, June 3, 1998, 1999:6.40

GLASS, MOLTEN

Combustible deposits ignited by, 1991:6.25

Oil deposits ignited by, 1993:6.27

GLATFELTER, ARTHUR J.

Profile of, 1997:6.35

GLAZING

New developments offer alternatives to wired glass, also raise code questions, 1998:6.76

GLENDALE, CALIF.

Wildland fire, June 27, 1990, 1991:1.59

GLOBAL ISSUES COLUMNS

High-rise buildings require active fire protection, 1996:6.34

NFPA alliances bring codes/standards to Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking world, 1996:5.36

NFPA codes and standards can protect high-rises, 1996:2.36

NFPA role in international aviation fire safety, 1996:3.50

NFPA works with Asian countries to encourage recognition of codes, standards, 1997:1.38

Spanish language codes and standards, 1996:4.34

Spanish-speaking countries using National Electrical Code, 1996:1.34

GODFREDSON, JEFFREY

Profile of, 1999:6.39

GONDOLA CAR FIRES

California, 1993, 1994:3.28

GONZALES, RICHARD L.

Profile of, 1993:6.21

GOSS, KAY

Profile of, 1996:3.53

GOVERNMENT. See INSIDE THE BELTWAY COLUMNS; UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

GRAIN DUST

Grain elevator explosion and fire, Kansas, June 8, 1998, 1999:5.54, 1999:6.92

Mill and storage facility explosion, Washington, 1991, caused by, 1992:4.28

GRANDSTAND FIRES

Ohio, 2000, 2001:5.22

GRANT, ERNEST

Profile of, 1996:5.39

GRASS FIRES

California, 1998, 1999:4.21

California, 2000, 2001:3.28

Idaho, 1996, 1997:4.21

Kansas, Feb. 21, 1996, 1997:6.59

New Mexico, March, 2002, 2003:5.75, 2003:6.80

North Carolina, 2002, 2003:1.15

Texas, 1991, 1992:2.28

Texas, March, 2006, 2007:6.80

Warehouse fire, Oklahoma, 1990, caused by, 1991:4.26

GREASE FIRES

Broiler heat ignites grease in exhaust system, 2006:2.30

Cook room fire spreads through ventilation system, 1998:6.85

Grease-covered structural components ignited, 1995:6.102

Grease-covered toaster oven power terminals cause short circuit, 1998:3.38

Grease-laden combustibles ignited by fan short-circuit, 1995:6.106

Grease-laden rafters fuel food processing plant fire, 1996:6.64

Ignites in pan, fire spreads to wood cabinets, 1997:5.22

Ignites on grill in restaurant fire, 1995:2.31

Ignites on portable broiler in restaurant fire, 1997:4.22

Ignites on stove in apartment fire, 1997:1.25

Ignites on stove in school fire, 1992:6.29

Stove heat ignites grease in exhaust system, 1997:6.22

GREAT BRITAIN

Buncefield Oil Depot, Hertfordshire, fire, Dec. 11, 2005, 2006:3.86

Eurotunnel (Channel tunnel) fire, November 18, 1996, analysis, 1997:2.58

Eurotunnel (Channel tunnel) fire led to revamped safety procedures and training, 2002:2.74

Fire protection for Eurotunnel (Channel tunnel), 1996:1.85

GREECE

Mount Athos monastic community balances fire protection with preserving historic sites, 2000:6.72

GREENE, OLIN L.

Profile of, 1992:3.26

GREENHOUSE FIRES

Massachusetts, 1991, 1992:4.25

GRILL, RAYMOND A.

Profile of, 1999:5.38

GRINDING OPERATIONS

Sparks cause fire, 1991:6.75

GROSS, CAROL

Profile of, 1995:3.31

GROUP HOMES

Homeless Veterans Assistance Act requires that veterans' housing comply with NFPA 101®, provides grants, 2004:1.28

Risk Watch® program adapted for mothers and children in emergency shelters, 2006:4.68

GROUP HOME FIRES. See also ADULT CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITY FIRES; BOARD AND CARE FACILITY FIRES

Building-under-renovation, Rhode Island, 2003, 2004:3.24

Catastrophic, Texas, March 24, 1991, 1992:4.70

Halfway house, Washington, 1991, 1993:1.25

Homeless shelter, New Hampshire, 2003, 2004:3.20

Illinois, 1994, 1995:6.37

New Hampshire, 1990, 1992:1.26

GUNSHOTS

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1994:4.63, 2005:4.56

Firefighter injuries related to, 1994:6.64, 2000:6.47

GYMNASIUM FIRES

University, Arizona, 1993, 1994:5.30

HAGERSVILLE, ONT.

Tire fire, 1990, 1991:1.50

HAIRSTON, HAROLD

Profile of, 1999:2.45

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA

Munitions ship explosion, Dec. 6, 1917, 1992:3.96

HALONS

Alternative protection methods to replace halons, 1994:6.40, 1997:4.62

Clean agent alternatives, 2002:2.68

Extinguish aircraft fire, 1992:6.76, 1995:6.110

Extinguishing system fails in subway token booth fire, 1996:6.24

Halon phaseout speeded up to Jan. 1, 1994, 1993:2.38

International efforts at halon emission regulation, 1999:4.90

Manually activated system not a factor in fire, 1992:6.79

Museums and other applications, 1992:5.66

Second International Conference, 1990, 1991:1.65

Time line on control of, 1974-91, 1991:1.67

Use continues despite available alternatives, 1995:6.46

HANDICAPPED PERSONS. See DISABILITIES, PERSONS WITH

HAPPY LAND SOCIAL CLUB FIRE

Catastrophic, New York, March 25, 1990, 1991:4.61

Looking Back column, 2003:3.144

HARVEYS LAKE, PENNSYLVANIA

Board and care facility fire, May 14, 1997, analysis, 1997:5.68

HATHAWAY, LEONARD R.

Profile of, 1996:6.38

HAWAII

Apartment building fire, 1993, 1994:2.28

Catastrophic fires

Dwelling, Oct. 15, 1997, 1998:5.45

Observatory, Jan. 16, 1996, 1997:5.52, 6.59

Department store/office building fire, July, 1993, 1994:6.91

Electric power plant fire, Jan., 2004, 2005:6.49

Fatal store fire, 1993, 1994:3.30

Office building, April, 2000, 2001:6.63

School fire, June, 2006, 2007:6.83

Warehouse fire, 1989, 1991:1.31

HAWKINS, JASPER STILLWELL

Profile of, 1995:2.23

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. See also HAZ-MAT ISSUES COLUMNS

Ammonia line bursts, poses toxic threat to fire fighters, 1993:6.85

Asbestos (See ASBESTOS)

Asbestos from ducts collected by haz-mat team after fire, 1997:6.22

Bus fire requires containment of oil/fuel runoff, 2004:4.16

Chemical countermeasures for fuel spills that threaten water supply, 1999:2.74

Chemical plant fire, factor in, 1992:6.75, 80

Chemical processing plant fire, factor in, 2001:6.23

Chlorinated pool chemicals, managing fire risks of, 2000:3.95

Classification and containment of hazardous materials, 1996:2.30

College laboratory fire, factor in, 2005:4.22

Concrete forms plant fire, factor in, 2005:6.22

Copper sulfate runoff diked, pumped, 1994:6.36

Cost-effectiveness of regional hazardous materials response teams, 1994:1.63

Decontamination rooms, basic requirements for, 2000:2.59

Federal regulations cover intrastate shipments of agricultural chemicals, 1998:5.25

Fire service applies new training and management skills to incidents, 1995:2.90

Firefighters injured by exposure to, 2004:2.17

Food plant fire, factor in, 1992:6.80

General warehouse fire, factor in, 1998:6.88

Hampered fire fighting, 1991:6.75

Hampered fire fighting, chemical laboratory fire, 1992:3.33

Hazardous waste incinerator fire, Arkansas, 1994, 1995:6.38

Heat transfer fluid (HTF) (thermal VP-1) in fire required precautions, 1991:6.76

High-hazard contents, life safety requirements for, 2000:4.30

Iron foundry fire, factor in, 1997:6.50

Isocyanate smoke requires area evacuation, 1994:6.93

Laundry facility fire, factor in, 1999:2.26

Munition ship explosion, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Dec. 6, 1917, 1992:3.96

NFPA 472, Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Emergencies, specifies training levels, 2001:4.31

NFPA 5000, Building Code™, and NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code™, identify levels of materials, offer safety requirements, 2002:6.23

"Operation Respond" addresses hazardous materials at railroad fires, 2000:3.52

Placards can mislead responders, 1993:2.74

Plastics plant fire, factor in, 1997:1.28

Polychlorinated biphenols at generating plant fire, 1994:6.92

Pool and spa chemicals present hazard in warehouse stores, 1998:1.50, 1998:4.44

Railroad collisions and fires, factor in, 1998:6.91

Regulatory reform poses dangers, 1997:3.41

Reporting requirements of DOT, EPA, and NFPA give material's life cycle history, 2006:6.58

Response capabilities, assessment of, 1992:1.36

Sodium exposure at metals processing plant fire, 1994:6.63

Software links first responders to databases, 1997:3.66

Sprinklers caused paint vats to overflow, 1992:4.28

Storage lockers for materials with flammable, combustible liquid characteristics, 1994:5.71

U. S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board provides reports on chemical incidents worldwide, 2002:6.17

HAZ-MAT ISSUES COLUMNS

Balancing safety and international economic development, 1994:4.19

Carbon monoxide is top hazard, 1995:5.23

Chemical properties of hazardous substances critical to decision-making, 1991:6.94

Community hazards analysis to precede response team formation, 1991:5.18

Competency is key to responders' performance, 1993:3.40

Decontamination not taken seriously by fire fighters, 1993:5.32

Decontamination programs, development of, 1993:6.16

Differentiating emergencies from incidental releases, 1994:2.18

Emergency planning is six-part process, 1993:1.22

Environmental damage mitigation in incident response, 1991:1.112

EPA/National Response Teams report critiques federal agencies, 1995:1.19

Federal haz-mat response needs simplification, standardization, 1995:3.27

Federal legislation may affect responders, 1994:6.20

Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act of 1990 (USA 90), discussion, 1991:3.117

Isman, Warren, legacy to hazardous materials instruction, 1992:2.22

Lifesaving principles, 1992:3.136

Limitations of haz-mat equipment, 1993:2.104

Multigas detectors are required equipment, 1995:6.25

Networking most effective at local conferences, 1994:1.16

NFPA 472, 473, comments sought on, 1991:2.110

Technology, public opinion, and prevention must be considered by response teams, 1994:3.17

Train responders to have a safe attitude, 1992:6.89

Training programs' effectiveness questioned, 1995:4.27

HEADS UP COLUMNS

Accidental sprinkler discharge can usually be explained, 2000:6.18

Advertisers should present sprinkler activation and operation correctly, 2007:3.40

Alarms for sprinkler systems; conflicts between NFPA 13, NFPA 25, and NFPA 72 requirements, 2000:5.26

Chicago joins other cities, states in requiring sprinkler retrofit of high-rise buildings, 2005:2.30

Community requirements drive high cost of residential sprinklers, 2002:6.24

Congress considers sprinkler system tax incentive, 2004:1.20

Drop-out and open grid ceilings used to conceal sprinklers, 2006:6.28

Dry sprinkler sample-testing requirements, 2001:2.26

Fire Protection Research Foundation researches cost-effective protection for solid shelf rack storage, 2003:4.24

Fire Protection Research Foundation reviewing single-point vs. density/area curve design systems, 2007:1.24

For historical retrofits, sprinkler technology has improved, 2003:1.20

Inspection/maintenance record retention and referral by inspection professionals, 2006:2.32

Integrated sprinkler/plumbing systems require qualified installers, appropriate supervision, 1999:5.24

Lack of sprinklers is often key to fire loss litigation, 2005:1.22

MASTERFORMAT® changes proposed, 2003:3.26

Movies misrepresent how sprinkler systems work, 2002:5.26

NFIRS Version 5.0 promises better data on sprinkler system reliability, 2003:2.30

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1999 edition, consolidates sprinkler criteria from storage standards, 1999:6.22

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 edition, allows computerized water delivery predictions in dry-pipe systems, 2002:4.24

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 edition, proposed revisions end standard sprinkler designation, 2002:2.30

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, addresses pitching of sprinkler pipe, 2006:3.40

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, and NFPA 24, Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances, requirements are coordinated, 2002:1.26

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, annex material provides guidance on hose connections to sprinkler systems, 2007:5.36

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, committee considers exterior sprinkler protection options, 2001:4.26

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, does not require sprinklers in all building spaces, 2001:3.38

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, earthquake protection coordinated with ASCE/SEI 7, 2006:5.36

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, earthquake protection provisions endorsed in International Building Code amendment cycle, 2007:4.32

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporates new products as appropriate, 2006:4.30

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, new edition to use SI or non-SI metric units, 2000:2.24

NFPA 20, Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, permits variable speed pumps, 2004:5.26

NFPA 25, Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, focuses on changes in sprinkler inspection and maintenance, 2002:3.40

Nursing homes need sprinkler protection, 2005:6.24

Omega sprinkler recall by U. S. Consumer Products Commission sets high performance standard, demands full reliability, 1999:3.50

Performance-based design applied to high-rise building sprinkler reliability case study, 1999:4.24

Proposed sprinkler identification system will improve protection, 1999:2.28

Residential sprinklers shown to exceed expectations in community survey, 2000:4.22

Signage requirements key to proper identification of sprinkler system capabilities, 2007:2.26

Solid shelves in racks vs. shelf storage, 2006:1.24

Sprinkler activation, common misconceptions on, 1999:1.20

Sprinkler caps and straps addressed by NFPA 13 TIA, 2004:3.28

Sprinkler identification system aided by International Fire Sprinkler Association, 2001:1.24

Sprinkler manufacturers review quality assurance and standards, 2001:5.28

Sprinkler protection for sloped attic spaces, 2005:5.34

Sprinkler protection for swimming pool chemicals, 2004:4.22

Sprinkler recall has brought changes to sprinkler industry, 2003:6.20

Sprinkler systems for cultural resource properties addressed by NFPA codes and standards, 2007:6.26

Sprinkler systems in college buildings save lives, not just property, 2005:4.26

Sprinkler systems often misrepresented in video games, movies, television, 2004:2.22

Star Sprinkler recall programs show recall risks, 2000:1.22

30 years of international sprinkle product standards, 2004:6.24

Trapeze hangers to support sprinkler system piping, 2001:6.24

Ultra-fast fire should be considered in fire models and performance-based design, 2003:5.26

Velocity limit estimation for water-based suppression systems requires different methods for different applications, 2000:3.43

Wet pipe systems need antifreeze protection year-round, 2005:3.34

HEALTH CARE

Home health care increase fire, electrical, explosion risks, 1998:1.64

HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCIES. See also specific occupancies

Code requirements unique to health care facilities can impede compliance, 2000:2.27

Construction/renovation of facilities requires flexibility, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, 2000:2.48

Decontamination rooms, basic requirements for, 2000:2.59

Extinguishing agents for medical facilities, selection of, 2002:4.29

Fire alarm requirements, 2000:2.35

Fire alarm system must include smoke door controls, 2005:6.30

Fire protection of rooftop helipads exemplified at Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, 2000:4.42

Fire safety prognosis for '90s, 1992:3.89

Fires in facilities, history of, 2002:4.112

New York-Presbyterian Hospital conducts self-examination of fire walls/barriers to improve fire safety, 2007:5.76

NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities, 1999 edition, reflects new technology and health care delivery systems, 2000:2.55

NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities, and NFPA 99C, Gas and Vacuum Systems, outline gas and vacuum system use requirements, 2001:3.43

NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities, common questions answered, 1996:6.28

NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities, hyperbaric chamber requirements, 2000:2.27

NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities, needs to be reinvented to reflect modern health care delivery system, 2007:5.70

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2006 edition design requirements, 2006:1.42

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, emergency planning requirements for health care occupancies, 2002:4.30

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® adoption required by Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations for accreditation, 2006:1.47

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® adoption required to receive Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement, promotes facility safety, 2002:4.32

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® TIA allows hand sanitizer stations in public areas, 2004:3.36

NFPA 5000, Building Code™, sprinkler system requirements for renovated facilities, 2002:4.22

Occupancy classification differentiated from residential board-and-care facilities, 1999:4.32

Pre-incident plans needed by health care occupancies, 2004:1.22

Security initiatives help facilities cope with crime and violence, 2002:4.44

Security management requires code compliance, 2006:1.58

HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCY FIRES. See also GROUP HOME FIRES; HOSPITAL FIRES; NURSING HOME FIRES

Clinic fires, California, 1995, 1996:1.24

New York, July 21, 1990, 1991:6.78

Sprinklers prevent tragedy in two fires, 1993:5.49

HEARING-IMPAIRED PERSONS

Fatal fire victim may not have heard smoke alarm, 1993:2.22

HEART ATTACKS. See CARDIAC EVENTS

HEAT, CONDUCTIVE

Warehouse fire spread by, 1991:1.31

HEAT DETECTORS. See DETECTORS, HEAT

HEATING-AND-COOKING EQUIPMENT. See also HVAC SYSTEMS; WOOD STOVES

Charcoal and gas grill fire statistics and safety concerns, 2007:4.18

Cooking fire prevention tips, 2005:3.42

Cooking fires remain serious life safety threat, NFPA study show, 2005:2.10

Fire Prevention Week 2006 theme: Prevent Cooking Fires, 2006:5.44

Gas grill fire statistics, 2003:4.13

Gas grill fires decrease since code change requiring overfill protection devices, 2006:3.19

Heating equipment, risks of, 1996:6.128

High home heating costs, increased use of space or portable heaters, pose safety threat, 2005:6.64

Home heating fire patterns and trends, summary, 2005:6.69

Home heating fires, deaths, and injuries, mostly caused by space or portable heaters, 2005:1.11

NFPA 31, Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment, fall meeting review, 2000:5.91

NFPA 85, Boiler and Combustion System Hazards, fall meeting review, 2000:5.91

NFPA 96, Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations, 2001 edition, reflects industry advances, 2002:1.60

NFPA 96, Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations, common questions answered, 1997:1.33

NFPA 96, Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations, revision moves toward unified test standard, 2004:3.74

NFPA partners with American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers on heating system safety brochure, 2007:1.32

HEATING-AND-COOKING EQUIPMENT FIRES. See also FIREPLACES

Baseboard heater ignites drying clothes, 1999:2.23

Boiler radiant heat ignites dropped trash, 2005:2.22

Broiler burners ignite grease, 1997:4.22

Butane leaks from portable stove cylinder, ignites, 1994:5.30

Ceiling furnace malfunctions ignites wood ceiling, 1993:6.83

Chafing dish fuel ignites curtains, 2006:4.26

Char broil pit fire, unattended, ignites grease in hood, 2000:6.96

Charcoal briquettes ignite cardboard box, apartment building, 2000:3.36

Charcoal food smoking unit, unattended, ignites porch, 2000:1.20

Charcoal from grill ignites bag, 1993:6.29

Charcoal grill, inside dwelling, ignites draperies, 1994:4.32

Charcoal grill fire statistics, 2003:4.13

Charcoal grill ignites mattress on balcony, 2001:5.26

Charcoal grill trash ignited by, 1993:3.35

Charcoal grill unattended, ignites combustibles, 1996:2.23

Commercial cooking operations, safety requirements, 1997:1.33

Commercial fryer technology and vegetable oil use lead to new Class K hazard category, 1999:4.72

Cooking food overheats, ignites, 1993:1.27

Deep fat fryer fire ignites grease in hood and duct work, 1994:3.28

Deep fat fryer fire ignites in hospital cafeteria, 2003:2.22

Deep fat fryer oil ignited by aerosol can explosion, 2006:3.30

Deep fat fryer overheats, ignites contents, 1992:5.25

Electric baseboard heater ignites catastrophic fire, 2003:5.75

Electric heater cord, joined to extension cord, overheats, ignites living room contents, 1994:5.96

Electric heater ignites bedding, 1991:1.30, 2005:1.16

Electric heater ignites blanket, 1994:5.98

Electric heater ignites clothing, 1995:4.38

Electric heater ignites combustibles in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.69

Electric heater ignites mattress, furniture, newspapers in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.67

Electric heater overheats, ignites combustibles, 1997:4.22

Electric heater possible cause of fatal fire, 1992:6.28

Electric heaters overload electrical system, catastrophic fire cause, 2005:5.57

Electric hot plate ignites pentane vapors in lab fire, 1992:3.33

Electric hot plate ignites table in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.68

Electric skillet, unattended, ignites trash, combustibles, 1995:2.29

Electric space heater, and extension cord, create high-resistance arc, ignite combustibles, 1998:5.46

Electric space heater, unattended, ignites clothing, 2007:1.18

Electric space heater, unattended, ignites wood, 2000:3.38

Electric space heaters, oil-filled, ignite newspapers, 2001:6.20

Electric space heater arcs, ignites combustibles, 2001:6.61

Electric space heater cord ignites bedding, 2006:2.26, 28

Electric space heater cord ignites kitchen cabinets, 2006:2.28

Electric space heater ignites bedding, 2003:2.23, 2003:6.14, 2004:2.18

Electric space heater ignites bedding or chair, 2007:1.20

Electric space heater ignites bedding/clothing in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.53

Electric space heater ignites catastrophic fire, 2003:5.75

Electric space heater ignites clothing pile, 2006:5.34

Electric space heater ignites combustibles, 2007:6.18

Electric space heater ignites couch fabric, 2004:1.15

Electric space heater ignites furniture, 1997:5.51

Electric space heater ignites hydraulic oil, 1995:6.102

Electric space heater ignites kerosene residue from stove, 2001:1.22

Electric space heater ignites love seat in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.58

Electric space heater ignites paper dropped into heater, 1999:2.24

Electric space heater ignites towel, fire spreads to bed, 1999:1.19

Electric space heater ignites upholstered materials, 1997:2.22

Electric space heater malfunctions, ignites, 2003:1.12

Electric space heater malfunctions, ignites combustibles, 2006:6.18

Electric stove, unattended, ignites secondary fire, 1993:5.64

Electric stove burner ignites clothing, 1999:3.48

Electric stove burners, unattended, ignite fire, 2006:4.24

Electric stove ignites stored cardboard boxes, 2002:5.21

Electric wall heater, left on, ignites paneling and towels, 1999:5.52

Electric wall heater ignites cardboard box, 1994:1.32

Electric wall heater ignites fabric, 2004:3.20

Electric wall heater ignites wallboard, 1991:1.28

Electric wall heater wiring shorted, ignites home contents, 2007:6.20

Electric warming registers ignite cardboard boxes, 2001:4.22

Food placed in oven overheats, ignites, 1996:6.22

Frying pan ignites in catastrophic fire, 1991:4.66

Furnace, catastrophic fire cause, 2002:5.82

Furnace fire spreads through manufactured home, 2001:5.77

Furnace ignites cardboard boxes, 2005:6.22

Furnace ignites sofa, 2006:5.32

Furnace ignites sofa placed over vent, 2005:2.22

Furnace malfunctions, ignites framing, 2005:1.18

Furnace overheats, ignites flooring, 2006:5.28

Furnace overheats due to improperly installed limit switch, 1995:6.99

Gas boiler ruptures, severs gas line and ignites fire, 1993:6.83

Gas burner, used as heat source, ignites cabinets, 1997:1.25

Gas burner ignites grease, food deposits, 1992:3.34

Gas ceiling heater ignites cardboard, 1995:6.100

Gas fryer pilot light ignites leaking natural gas, 1992:6.25

Gas furnace heat ignites upholstered chair, 1995:5.62

Gas furnace ignites clothing, 1995:5.54

Gas furnace ignites combustibles, 2002:1.19

Gas furnace ignites floor, 1991:1.27

Gas furnace ignites rubbish in fatal apartment fire, 1991:4.25

Gas grill gas line improperly connected, gas ignited by pilot, 2003:1.12

Gas grill radiant heat ignites wooden structural members, 2002:3.32

Gas heater, installed incorrectly, ignites roof, 1993:6.84

Gas heater ignites gasoline vapors, 1997:2.23

Gas heater ignites heat transfer fluid (HTF), 1991:6.76

Gas heater ignites natural gas from ruptured piping, 1994:1.30

Gas heater ignites paper, 1993:5.36

Gas heater ignites paper dust, 1991:6.75

Gas heater ignites stored cardboard boxes, 2003:6.16

Gas heater radiant heat ignites boxes, 1997:6.57

Gas heating unit ignites stored combustibles, 1995:1.34

Gas oven heat ignites wood structural members, 1997:6.50

Gas oven vent pipe leaks heat, ignites combustibles, 1997:6.53

Gas oven/broiler malfunctions, ignites kitchen wall, 1997:5.52

Gas space heater ignites wall, 2000:3.36

Gas stove, operating unattended, ignites cabinets, 1995:5.56

Gas stove burners, unattended, ignite combustibles, 2001:5.77

Gas stove heat ignites grease in exhaust system, 1997:6.22

Gas stove pilot ignites leaking natural gas, 1995:3.39

Gas stove pulled from wall fuels apartment fire, 1991:3.26

Gas stove used for heating, catastrophic fire factor, 1991:4.65

Gas wall heater malfunctions, ignites wood framing, 1994:5.96

Gas water hater pilot light ignites gasoline vapors, 1991:4.67

Gas water heater, baskets of clothing near heater ignited, 1999:5.51

Gas water heater conductive heat ignites foam insulation, 1998:2.18

Gas water heater ignites accumulated gas, 1996:2.23

Gas water heater ignites floor sealant vapors, 2007:6.22

Gas water heater ignites gas leaking from connection, 2004:4.16

Gas water heater ignites gasoline fumes from open container, 2002:6.21

Gas water heater ignites gasoline vapors in dwelling fire, 2004:5.17

Gas water heater ignites natural gas pipeline leak, 2002:6.18

Gas water heater ignites paper records, 2005:6.47

Gas water heater pilot ignites gasoline, catastrophic fire factor, 1996:5.91

Gas water heater pilot light blown out, catastrophic fire factor, 1993:5.68

Grease in pan ignites, fire spreads to wood cabinets, 1997:5.22

Grill ignites grease, food, 1995:2.31

Grill ignites oil, grease in hood and duct, 1996:5.25

Heat lamps ignite plastic trays, 1996:3.36

Heat pump failed, 1994:6.90

Heat trace cable ignites wood framing, 1996:6.24

Heater ignites combustibles, 2006:6.72

Heater ignites couch, 2006:6.21

Heater ignites plastic materials, 2005:6.46

Heating and cooling unit cord, damaged, ignites cord insulation, 2000:2.21

Heating equipment failure ignites insulation, 2004:6.53

Heating season fire safety tips, 1998:6.120

Heating unit, portable, overheats wood framing materials, 2006:6.68

Heating unit near wall, possible school fire cause, 2000:4.20

Heating vent air spreads fire, 2004:2.18

Hot plate fire spreads throughout building, 2000:6.96

Hot plate ignites clothing, plywood walls, 1999:5.50

Hot plate probable cause of recreational facility fire, 1993:6.88

Hydraulic oil ignited by natural gas burners, catastrophic fire, 1992:1.29

Infrared heater ignites natural gas leak, 1996:6.65

Kerosene heater, factor in catastrophic fire, 1997:5.50

Kerosene heater, improperly installed, ignites fatal manufactured home fire, 2001:5.24

Kerosene heater, unvented, ignites chair, 2000:5.58

Kerosene heater fuel spills, ignites carpet, 1998:6.23

Kerosene heater ignites acetone, 2005:6.22

Kerosene heater ignites combustibles, 1995:1.34

Kerosene heater ignites wood paneling, 1998:5.45

Kerosene heater possibly refueled with alcohol, fails, ignites fatal fire, 1998:2.16

Kerosene heater tips over, fatal fire cause, 2007:6.19

Kerosene heater tips over, ignites combustibles, catastrophic fire factor, 1997:5.49

Kerosene heater using gasoline ignites vapors, 1999:5.56

Kerosene heater with faulty fuel cell seal ignites dwelling fire, 1999:1.17

Kerosene space heater, fuel spilled from, ignites dwelling fire, 2000:6.17

Kerosene space heater flashes, with fireball, ignites pole spray curtain, 2000:6.86

Kitchen fire statistics, fire safety information, 1998:1.88

LP-Gas grill leaks fuel, ignites roof, 2000:4.18

LP-Gas grill tank, improperly installed, leaks, ignites restaurant fire, 1998:3.36

LP-Gas regulator malfunctions, causes heater explosion/fire, 1997:5.49

LP-Gas stove flame ignites clothing of disabled, elderly person, 1998:2.16

LP-Gas stove supply line leaks, ignites fire/explosion, 1999:1.18

Microwave oven malfunctions, ignites fire, 1996:3.36

Natural gas appliance pilot lights surge, ignite manufactured homes fire, 1996:3.36

Natural gas ceiling space heater hit by forklift, fuel feed line dislodged, 2001:2.24

Natural gas direct vent wall heater regulator leak ignites carpet, 2000:5.22

Natural gas heater, 1994:6.64

Natural gas heater, under repair, leaks gas, 1995:1.33

Natural gas wall heater ignites gasoline vapors, 2001:6.21

Natural gas water heater ignites stored combustibles, 1995:5.60

Natural gas water heater line leak ignited by homeowner, 1999:3.48

Natural gas water heater pilot ignites lacquer thinner vapors, 1994:5.104

Natural gas water heater possible catastrophic fire cause, 1995:5.62

Oil furnace malfunctions, fire spreads through chimney, 1997:6.57

Oil-fired furnace vent deteriorates, ignites church fire, 2004:6.19

Oil-fired furnace vent ignites structural members, 1995:5.54

Oil-fired hot air heating unit, installed incorrectly, ignites wood structure, 1994:1.29

Overhead heater ignites stored paper bales, 1999:6.90

Paraffin stove use increase fire danger in poorest South African homes, 2006:2:70

Portable heater ignites boat fire, 2002:3.34

Pot, unattended, catastrophic dwelling fire cause, 2002:5.82, 2005:5.57

Pot, unattended, catastrophic manufactured home fire cause, 2006:5.60

Pot, unattended, ignites apartment building fire, 1999:5.19, 52, 2002:5.20, 2005:6.18, 2006:2.26, 28

Pot, unattended, ignites dwelling fire, 1999:1.18, 1999:3.46, 1999:5.19, 2000:2.22, 2000:5.20, 57, 2000:6.16, 17, 2002:2.24, 2005:3.28

Pot, unattended, melts, ignites wood cabinets, 1995:5.53

Pot, unattended, melts, radiant heat ignites hood filter, wooden cabinets, 1997:5.51

Pot, unattended, overheats, causes grease to ignite, 1995:5.62

Pot, unattended, overheats, ignites cabinets in fatal fire, 2007:5.28

Pot, unattended, overheats, ignites catastrophic fire, 1993:5.62, 1994:5.96, 98

Pot, unattended, overheats, ignites fatal fire, 1995:5.34

Pot, unattended, overheats, ignites grease, 1997:1.25

Pot, unattended, overheats, ignites oil, 1996:6.22, 1998:5.15, 6.23, 2003:2.20, 2004:1.15, 3.18, 3.20, 2006:1.18, 2.28, 2006:5.34, 6.22

Pot, unattended, overheats, ignites oil, catastrophic fire, 1998:5.49

Pot, unattended, overheats oil, 1996:1.22

Pot, unattended, overheats oil which ignites in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.58

Pot of oil overheats, ignites, fire spread by water, 2006:3.38

Pot of paraffin wax, unattended, ignites, fire spread by water, 2001:4.23

Pot of wax, unattended, ignites, 2006:1.18

Pots, unattended, as lead cause of, 1999:5.20

Propane baseboard heater, fire started at, 2000:5.56

Propane from grill tank released, contributes to fire spread, 1996:4.22

Propane from grill tank released, ignited by spark, 1994:3.28

Propane grill fuel ignited by open flame, 1991:5.26

Propane grill fuel tank leaks, ignites dwelling fire, 1997:4.19

Propane grill in kitchen ignites stored boxes, 2004:6.18

Propane grill left on to clean, ignites wood siding, 2002:3.30

Propane grill possible ignition cause, failure fueled fire, 2001:2.22

Propane heater, ceiling, ignites cardboard boxes, 2003:2.24

Propane heater, portable, ignites paper, 1995:6.35

Propane heater, portable, ignites walls, 2004:2.19

Propane heater, portable, releases fuel, ignites trailer fire, 1999:3.46

Propane heater, room, unattended, ignites building-under-construction fire, 2005:6.19

Propane heater ignites building-under-construction fire, 2006:6.69

Propane heater ignites explosion and fire, 1991:3.27

Propane heater ignites leaked acetylene, 2006:5.63

Propane heater ignites powdered tryptophan, 2002:6.22

Propane heater used to dry wet stock ignites boxes, 2000:6.91

Propane heaters ignite wood sprinkler enclosures, 1995:1.32

Propane heating and air conditioning system fuel feeds fire, 2005:6.21

Propane space heater ignites gasoline vapors, 1997:1.26

Propane stove, catastrophic dwelling fire cause, 2002:5.82

Propane stove fuel contributes to fire spread, 1994:5.96

Propane water heater ignites gasoline vapors in fatal dwelling fire, 1993:2.21

Residential fires, cooking equipment as lead cause of, 1999:5.20

Space heater ignites chair, possible fatal fire cause, 1991:5.26

Space heater ignites combustible liquids in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.71

Space heater ignites combustibles, 1996:2.24, 1996:6.21

Space heater ignites combustibles, catastrophic fire, 1991:4.64

Space heater ignites combustibles in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.68

Space heater ignites furniture, 1997:5.51

Space heater ignites gas in catastrophic fire, 1991:4.66

Space heater ignites gasoline vapors, 1997:1.26

Space heater ignites lantern fuel, 1994:3.28

Space heater ignites mattress, 2000:5.57

Space heater ignites structural components, 1995:6.108

Space heater ignites upholstered materials, 1997:2.22

Space heater used to ignite wood by child in fatal fire, 1998:1.23

Steel drum used as stove, catastrophic dwelling fire cause, 2002:5.82

Stove burner ignites clothing, 1994:2.29

Stove burner turned on by child, ignites plastic trays, 2000:5.57

Stove burners ignite book placed on stove, 1994:5.27

Stove burners ignite kitchen fire, 2006:5.28

Stove fire spreads to other rooms, 2004:2.19

Stove ignites catastrophic fire, 2003:5.75, 2004:5.68

Stove turned on, unattended, ignites restaurant fire, 2002:2.26

Stove turned on, unattended, ignites wooden cabinets, 2002:1.21

Tank heater, electrical distribution system malfunction, 2001:6.23

Toaster oven cord ignites wood framing in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.67

Toaster oven short circuits, ignites bread wrappings, paneling, 1998:3.38

Trends show home heating and cooking fires have decreased, but heating fires remain deadlier, 2001:2.63

Warming candle ignites cloth drape in food station, 2004:1.14

Water heater pipe, dislodged, ignites paneling, structural framing, 1999:5.20

Wood stove, catastrophic fire cause, 1991:4.64, 68

Wood stove, improperly installed, ignites wood paneling, 1998:5.50

Wood stove, radiant heat from flue ignites stored wood, 1992:5.25

Wood stove chimney, improperly installed, ignites paneling and supports, 1994:5.27

Wood stove ignites structural framing, catastrophic fire factor, 1997:5.49

Wood stove near fire origin point, 1995:5.58

Wood stove near source of fire origin, 1998:5.46

Wood stoves, catastrophic fires caused by, 1991:4.64,

Wood-fired heater ignites structural framing, 1999:5.51

HELIPORTS

Fire protection of rooftop helipads exemplified at Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, 2000:4.42

HEWITT, TERRY-DAWN

Profile of, 1998:2.32

HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

Active fire protection required for high-rises, 1996:6.34

Chicago adopts building ordinance to increase safety, control costs, 2005:1.34

Construction boom in skyscraper high rises raises fire safety concerns, 2001:3.56

In Dubai, construction plans for world's tallest building include crisis response plan, 2007:2.44

Education needed for high-rise fire safety, 1999:3.84

Evacuation methods, unconventional, reviewed, 2003:6.46

Evacuation plans for people with disabilities, 2002:4.58

Fire protection systems for high-rises, 1994:2.36

Fire safety design, 1993:6.4

Fires in buildings, history of, 2002:3.160

Hong Kong Fire Services Department launches high-rise fire safety campaign, 2001:3.83

Kingdom Centre, Saudi Arabia, and Jin Mao Tower, China, used NFPA codes and standards in design and construction, 2002:3.66

Life safety codes and standards for, 1992:1.12

National Fire Alarm Code addresses emergency communications systems requirements, 2001:3.50

NFPA code changes proposed to improve occupant and responder safety in high-rises, 2007:2.36

NFPA codes and standards address fire risk concerns, 1997:6.84

NFPA codes and standards useful worldwide, 1996:2.36

Orlando International Airport's new air traffic control tower incorporates new fire safety features, 2003:3.68

Performance-based design approaches to sprinkler reliability, 1999:4.24

Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, world's newest tallest buildings, 2001:3.64

Simulated plane crash into high-rise tests emergency preparedness, 1993:6.35

Speaker circuit survivability, National Fire Alarm Code®, requirement, 2001:3.76

Sprinkler retrofit required by Chicago, other cities, states, 2005:2.30

Staging and stairway support help manage high-rise fire logistics, 2003:2.32

Stratosphere Mall and Tower, Las Vegas, Nevada, fire protection systems, 2001:6.66

Traditional approach to fire safety is still best approach, 2003:1.58

HIGH-RISE BUILDING FIRES

Apartment buildings

Florida, 1990, 1991:3.25

Florida, 1993, 1994:5.27

Illinois, 2005, 2006:6.22

New York, 1993, 1994:5.27

New York, Dec. 18, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:3.84

New York, Dec. 23, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:3.84

Virginia, 1992, 1993:3.35

Catastrophic

Office building, Pennsylvania, Feb. 23, 1991, 1992:4.71

Office building complex, New York, Feb. 26, 1993, 1994:5.104, 1994:6.90

Club/hotel, Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 3, 1992, 1992:6.31

Condominium, Illinois, 1990, 1991:6.23

Department store/offices, Hawaii, July, 1993, 1994:6.91

Dormitory, Arizona, 1990, 1991:2.29

Dormitory, Illinois, 2001, 2002:6.21

Fire protection needs revealed by recent fires, 1992:5.56

Louisville, Ky., Fire Department training program, 1994:2.55

Office buildings

California, March, 1991, 1992:6.78

Iowa, 1992, 1993:1.26

Los Angeles, Calif., Feb. 15, 1992, 1992:5.56

Los Angeles, Calif., May 4, 1988, 1992:5.56

Massachusetts, 1991, 1992:5.28

New York, 1996, 1997:6.22

New York, April, 2003, 2004:6.53

Parque Central, Caracas, Venezuela, fire report shows lack of sprinkler maintenance, testing, 2005:2.46

Pennsylvania, Feb., 1991, 1992:6.74

Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 23, 1991, 1991:5.64, 1992:5.56

Utah, 1990, 1991:2.30

Operational priorities at fires, 2001:3.40

U. S. high rise fires; systematic tracking system, 1994:2.47

World Trade Center, New York (See WORLD TRADE CENTER, N. Y., N. Y.)

HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES

Fire protection for, 1992:2.32

HIGHWAYS

California, highway fire, Nov., 2005, 2006:6.69

Connecticut, highway fire, March, 2004, 2005:6.48

NFPA 502, Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways, guides Boston's "Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project fire safety, 2003:3.42

HISTORIC BUILDINGS

Alarm system retrofits for historic landmarks are keen challenge, 2003:1.30

Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia, successfully balances fire protection and historic preservation, 2003:1.40

Mount Athos, Greece, monastic community balances fire protection with preserving historic sites, 2000:6.72

NFPA 909, Protection of Cultural Resources Including Museums, Libraries, Places of Worship, and Historic Properties, provides fire protection guidance for historical, cultural properties, 2000:6.28

NFPA 914, Fire Protection in Historic Structures, questions answered, 2003:2.34

NFPA 914, Recommended Practice for Fire Protection in Historic Structures, changes to standard, 2000:6.75

NFPA 914, Recommended Practice for Fire Protection in Historic Structures, fall meeting review, 2000:5.91

NFPA codes create balance between life safety and preservation, 2003:1.26

Performance-based design aids preservation, fire protection goals, 1999:5.28

Sprinkler technology for historical retrofits has improved, 2003:1.20

U. S. Capitol fire protection offers special challenges, 2000:6.57

HISTORIC BUILDING FIRES. See also MANSION FIRES

California, 1996, 1997:3.29

Church, Barrington, Illinois, Oct. 28, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:3.102

Church, Iowa, 1998, 1999:3.43

Massachusetts, 1994, 1995:4.39

Store, Pennsylvania, 2004, 2005:1.19

U. S. Treasury Building fire indicated life safety deficiencies, 1996:6.52

West Virginia, 1996, 1997:6.22

HOEBEL, JAMES F.

Profile of, 1997:2.37

HOME FIRES. See DWELLING FIRES; RESIDENTIAL FIRES

HOMELAND SECURITY. See also DISASTER RESPONSE

Coordinating homeland security and NFPA 72® requirements for mass notification, 2004:1.29, 1.40

Homeland security requires firm foundation of basic fire safety principles, 2004:1.26

Many NFPA standards address homeland security needs, 2004:1.40

U. S. Homeland Security Department adopts 5 NFPA standards for first responder equipment, 2004:2.34

U. S. Homeland Security Department adopts 8 NFPA standards for first responder personal protective equipment, 2007:3.18

U. S. Homeland Security Department adopts 11 NFPA standards for emergency responders, 2007:6.14

U. S. Homeland Security Department has adopted NFPA equipment standards but preparedness lags, 2005:1.12

HOMELESS. See also VAGRANTS

Catastrophic fires involving, 1991:4.67

Catastrophic wharf fire victims, 1998:5.53

Fatal truck fire, Massachusetts, 1996, 1997:5.24

Risk Watch® program adapted for mothers and children in emergency shelters, 2006:4.68

Tavern fire started by, 1999:1.18

Vacant dwelling fire victims, 2000:5.60

Vacant store fire started by, 1999:6.20

Warehouse fire started by, 2000:5.59

HOMELESS SHELTER FIRES. See GROUP HOME FIRES

HONG KONG

Fire safety provisions at Hong Kong International Airport, 2001:1.38

Fire Services Department launches high-rise fire safety campaign, 2001:3.83

HOODS, KITCHEN VENTILATION

Blocks sprinklers from deep fat fryer fire, 1992:5.25

Char broil pit fire, unattended, ignites grease in hood; manual suppression system not used, 2000:6.96

Dry chemical extinguishing system operates, but fire above system, 1997:6.53

Filters in hood missing, delays activation of dry chemical system, 2003:2.22

Fire spreads to concealed spaces from hood; makeup air system fails to shut down, 1999:5.21

Grill fire ignites grease prior to suppression system activation, 1996:5.25

Improperly installed hood allows heat to pyrolize wall studs, 2002:6.22

Sprinkler in hood extinguishes fire, 1992:6.25

Wet chemical extinguishing system, satisfactory performance, 2003:2.20

HOSPITALS. See also HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCIES

Construction/renovation of facilities requires flexibility, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, 2000:2.48

New York-Presbyterian Hospital conducts self-examination of fire walls/barriers to improve fire safety, 2007:5.76

Pre-incident plans needed by hospitals, 2004:1.22

Tropical Storm Allison overwhelmed Houston, Texas, hospitals, incident investigation report, 2002:4.48

HOSPITAL FIRES

Catastrophic

New York, Sept. 1, 1993, 1994:5.105

Virginia, Dec. 31, 1995, 1995:5.64

Connecticut, 2003, 2004:4.18

Connecticut, 2005, 2006:1.20

Florida, 2000, 2001:5.26

Florida, 2004, 2005:6.22

Illinois, 1994, 1995:1.31

Illinois, 1997, 1998:1.24

Illinois, 1998, 1999:2.26

Iowa, 2002, 2003:6.16

Massachusetts, Jan. 24, 1993, 1993:5.49

Massachusetts, 1995, 1996:5.26

Massachusetts, Oct. 16, 1996, analysis, 1997:3.88

Massachusetts, 2002, 2003:3.14

Michigan, 2001, 2002:5.21

Missouri, 1997, 1998:5.17

New Jersey, 2002, 2003:2.202

Ohio, 1994, 1995:2.31

Ohio, 2001, 2002:5.21

Ontario, Canada, 1992, 1993:2.20

Pennsylvania, 1991, 1992:2.27

Tennessee, 1991, 1992:5.25

HOT TUBS

National Electrical Code prevents accidents, 1992:4.22

HOT WORK. See WELDING AND CUTTING OPERATIONS

HOTELS

Fire protection challenges for Mandalay Bay Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas, NV, 2005:3.108

Use of NFPA best practices makes hotels worldwide safer, 2001:2.72

HOTEL FIRES. See also RESORT FIRES

Alaska, March 20, 1996, 1997:6.57

Alaska, 2006, 2007:1.15

California, Palace Hotel, San Francisco, 1906, 2000:4.70

California, 1990, 1991:6.24

California, 1993, 1994:2.28

California, 2003, 2004:3.18

California, 2004, 2005:6.21

Catastrophic

Alabama, Nov., 2002, 2003:5.75

Florida, April 6, 1990, 1991:4.64

Illinois, March 16, 1993, 1994:5.95

Minnesota, July 12, 1991, 1992:4.67

Nevada, Oct., 2006, 2007:5.57

South Carolina, Jan., 2004, 2005:5.56

Colorado, Nov., 2000, 2001:6.64

Connecticut, Aug., 2005, 2006:6.69

Favorable hotel fire safety trends lead to change in reporting protocol, 1996:4.55

Federal fire safe hotel/motel list available to public; hotel fire statistics, 1999:5.112

Florida, 1993, 1994:2.29

Florida, 1994, 1995:2.29

Florida, 1997, 1998:6.23

Illinois, March, 1992, 1993:6.81

Indiana, 1992, 1992:6.31

Kentucky, 2001, 2002:1.20

Lasalle Hotel fire, Chicago, 1946, 2006:5.96

Maine, March, 1994, 1995:6.108

Massachusetts, 2006, 2007:1.15

MGM Grand Hotel fire, Las Vegas, Nevada, No

NFPA Journal® Cumulative Subject Index (1991-2008)

NFPA Journal^® Cumulative Subject Index (1991-2008)