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NFPA Journal^® Cumulative Subject Index (1991-2010)

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NFPA Journal Subject Index is listed below in alphabetical order.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Key to citation references
yyyy:ii.pp where:
yyyy: = year
ii = issue;
  1 = January/February
  2 = March/April
  3 = May/June
  4 = July/August
  5 = September/October
  6 = November/December
pp = page

Example: 1995:1.35 = 1995, Jan/Feb issue, page 35

A

ACCELERANTS. See also GASOLINE

Charcoal lighter fluid ignites board and care facility fire, 1996:5.97

Charcoal lighter fluid ignites store fire, 2004:6.20

Pyrotechnic accelerants used to ignite high-temperature fires, 1992:6.67

Unknown accelerant

Apartment fire ignited by, 2002:4.20, 2003:5.16

Clinic fire ignited by, 1996:1.24

Manufacturing plant fire ignited by, 1995:6.104, 1998:2.20

Office building fire ignited by, 2002:2.22

Restaurant fire ignited by, 1997:2.21

School fire ignited by, 1995:6.98

Store fire ignited by, 1996:5.94

Vacant building fire ignited by, 2009:5.24

Vehicle/dwelling fire ignited by, 1998:5.45

Warehouse fire ignited by, 1992:6.26, 1996:3.39

ADHESIVE MATERIALS

Spontaneous ignition of, 1991:6.26

ADULT CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITY FIRES. See also ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES

Florida, 1994, 1995:6.35

ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENTS. See also FIRE SERVICE FOCUS; IN THE MARKET COLUMNS; WHAT'S HOT PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Alarm devices and systems, 1991:5.85, 1992:4.79, 1993:1.65, 1993:6.105, 1994:5.80, 1995:2.96

Apparatus and rescue products, 1991:6.79, 1992:5.77

Building construction products, 1991:2.128, 1992:6.81, 1993:5.105, 1994:5.111, 1995:5.126

Detection devices and systems, 1991:5.85, 1992:4.79, 1993:1.65, 1993:6.105, 1994:5.80, 1995:2.96

Electrical products, 1994:5.111, 1995:5.126

Extinguishing systems, 1991:1.106, 1992:1.75, 1993:4.73, 1994:4.91

Fire service equipment, supplies, and services, 1993:2.89, 1994:2.92, 1995:1.87, 1996:4.101

Hazardous materials storage, 1992:2.87

Literature review, 1995:4.103, 1996:2.91, 1996:6.116

Manufacturer's showcase

2005, 2005:6.74

2006, 2006:2:86, 98

2007, 2007:2.88, 4.96, 6.108

2008, 2008:2.96, 6.84

2009, 2009:2.69, 6.90

2010, 2010:2.62, 6.84

NFPA Annual Meeting exhibitors, 1994:3.129, 1995:3.135, 1996:3.131, 1997:3.109, 1998:3.124, 1999:3.146

NFPA Conference & Expo exhibitors, 2009:3.102, 2010:3.92

NFPA World Conference exhibitors, 2000:3.134, 2001:3.108, 2002:2.16, 2002:3.118, 2003:3.104, 2004:3.96, 2005:3.114, 2006:3.94, 2008:3.94

Protective clothing, 1991:1.106, 1992:2.87

Security systems, 1993:6.105, 1994:5.80, 1995:2.96

AEROSOL CONTAINERS

Bug repellent container fell into deep fat fryer, explodes, ignites fire, 2006:3.30

Cans crushed by compactor release propellant, ignited by spark, 1999:1.19

Containers in area of ignition accelerated fire, 1998:6.89

Explosion ignites dwelling fire, 1992:6.28

Flammable contents ignited by open flame, 1992:6.25

Flammable solvent/lubricant containers damaged by forklift, explode, 1996:4.23

Hair spray used to ignite incendiary fire, 1994:1.32

Incendiary fire ignited by, 1997:1.27, 2002:6.18

Insecticide ignited by LP-Gas pilot light, 1993:4.25

Paint cans explode in warehouse fire, 1995:6.38

AGRICULTURAL BUILDING FIRES

California, 2008, 2009:4.22

Texas, July, 2009, 2010:6.68

AIR CONDITIONERS. See also HVAC SYSTEMS

Aftermarket plug/cord connection arcs, 2007:5.29

Blower motor overheats, ignites combustibles, 2007:5.59

Cord arcs, ignites combustibles, 2007:5.29

Fan frozen, factor in fatal fire, 2004:3.20

Fire spread by, 1994:5.97

Home fires involving air conditioning, 2003-2007, report overview, 2010:5.70

Malfunction causes fatal fire, 1998:4.20

Malfunctions, ignites plastic housing, 2009:4.18

Operating noise masked alarm, 1994:5.100

Operating units feed air to dwelling fire, 2009:5.24

Power cord possibly ignites mattress, 2000:4.19

Short circuit or arc ignites plastic housing, 2004:3.22

Wall-mounted air conditioner, fire started in/near receptacle plugged into, 2009:4.19

Window air conditioner malfunctions, ignites plastic window blinds, 1999:4.21

Window blocked by unit, factor in catastrophic fire, 1998:5.45

Window blocked by unit, factor in fatal fire, 2009:5.24

Wiring overheats, ignites seal, 2004:4.17

AIRCRAFT CRASH FIRES. See also AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING (ARFF)

American Airlines Flight 1420, Little Rock, Arkansas, June 1, 1999, fire investigation report, 1999:5.40

Landing crash, Tennessee, Nov., 2003, 2004:6.57

Military plane, crashes into restaurant/hotel, Indiana, Feb. 6, 1992, 1993:5.66

Takeoff aborted, New York, March, 1991, 1992:6.79

Texas, Jan., 2009, 2010:6.68

B-727 and DC-9, runway collision, Michigan, Dec. 3, 1990, 1991:4.70

Commercial aircraft, Arkansas, June 1, 1999, 2000:5.61

Commercial aircraft, Kentucky, Aug., 2006, 2007:5.61

Commercial aircraft, New York, Nov., 2001, 2002:5.82

Commercial aircraft, New York, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Commercial aircraft, Virginia, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Commercial commuter plane and private plane, runway collision, Illinois, Nov. 19, 1996, 1997:5.54

Commercial jet, Florida, May 11, 1996, 1997:5.54

Commercial plane, Georgia, Aug. 21, 1995, 1996:5.99

DC-9, North Carolina, July 2, 1994, 1995:5.68

F-16 and C-130 midair collision, North Carolina, March 23, 1994, 1995:5.67

Florida, July, 2007, 2008:5.62

Florida, July, 2008, 2009:5.84

Florida, Sept., 2009, 2010:5.69

Four-engine turboprop plane, West Virginia, Oct. 7, 1992, 1993:5.68

Four-passenger plane, Utah, July 9, 1992, 1993:5.68

Georgia, July, 2006, 2007:5.62

Helicopter, California, Aug., 2008, 2009:5.84

Helicopter, Utah, May, 2000, 2001:5.79

Light passenger plane, Alabama, June 23, 1996, 1997:5.54

Light passenger plane, Kansas, Apr. 19, 1995, 1996:5.100

Military cargo plane, crashes into restaurant/hotel, Indiana, Feb. 6, 1992, 1993:5.66

Missouri, Aug., 2004, 2005:5.60

Montana, Sept., 2004, 2005:5.61

Pennsylvania, July, 2004, 2005:5.60

Private passenger jet, California, Dec. 15, 1993, 1994:5.106

Private passenger jet, Illinois, Oct. 30, 1996, 1997:5.54

Private passenger jets, Florida, March, 2000, 2001:5.79

Runway collision, B-737 and twin-turbo prop, California, Feb. 1, 1991, 1992:4.72

Seaplane, Rhode Island, Aug. 26, 1995, 1996:5.99

Single-engine passenger plane, California, Nov. 26, 1993, 1994:5.108

Single-engine plane, Oklahoma, Aug. 21, 1990, 1991:4.70

Suppression mission, California, June, 2002, 2003:5.75

Suppression mission, Colorado, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

Suppression mission, Utah, April, 2009, 2010:5.69

Tanker, Nevada, Sept., 2008, 2009:5.84

Tennessee, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Twin-engine plane, Alabama, July 10, 1991, 1992:4.72

Twin-engine plane, Connecticut, April 27, 1994, 1995:5.67

Twin-engine plane, Florida, Jan. 17, 1991, 1992:4.72

Twin-engine plane, Georgia, Jan. 12, 1995, 1996:5.100

Twin-engine plane, New Hampshire, Sept., 2002, 2003:5.75

Twin-engine plane, New York, March 22, 1992, 1993:5.68

Twin-engine plane, Oklahoma, Dec. 21, 1995, 1996:5.99

Twin-engine plane, Texas, Sept. 11, 1991, 1992:4.72

Twin-engine plane, Virginia, Sept. 10, 1995, 1996:5.99

DC-8 cargo plane crashes during takeoff, Florida, Aug. 7, 1997, 1998:6.91

DC-9-35 crashes near runway, North Carolina, July, 1994, 1995:6.110

DC-10 cargo jet, New York, Sept. 5, 1996, 1997:6.60

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2003:4.63, 2004:4.57, 2006:4.61, 2009:4.66

Firefighter injuries related to, 1998:6.55

Fokker F-28 passenger aircraft, New York, March, 1992, 1993:6.88

Helicopter crashes, firefighter fatality related to, 2008:4.89

Helicopter crashes, firefighter injuries related to, 1999:6.52

Jetstream 4101 crashes into warehouse, Ohio, Jan., 1994, 1995:6.110

Jumbo passenger jet, Texas, April, 1993, 1994:6.98

L-1011 aircraft aborts takeoff, crashes, New York, Sept., 1992, 1993:6.88

Lear jet crashes into residential/commercial area, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.110

Maine, June, 2006, 2007:5.63

Military aircraft

Air National Guard C-130 landing crash Minnesota, April, 2004, 2005:6.48

California, July 20, 1994, 1995:6.110

Cargo plane, crashes into restaurant/hotel, Indiana, Feb. 6, 1992, 1993:5.66

Fighter-jet, New Mexico, Sept., 1993, 1994:6.98

North Carolina, June 21, 1994, 1995:6.110

NFPA and federal government aviation safety efforts, history of, 2007:4.104

Private passenger jet crash on takeoff, Colorado, Nov., 2004, 2005:6.48

Runway collision

Boeing 737 and Metroliner, California, Feb., 1991, 1992:6.76

Detroit, Mich., Dec. 3, 1990, 1991:3.69

Jet and cargo van, Georgia, May, 1991, 1992:6.77

Runway overshoot, Toronto Pearson International Airport, Aug. 2, 2005, 2005:6.34

Simulated crash into high-rise tests emergency preparedness, 1993:6.35

Statistics compared to motor vehicle fire statistics, 1995:4.120

TAM Linhas Aéreas Flight 3054, São Paulo, Brazil, July 17, 2007, fire investigation report, 2008:1.36

United Flight 232 crash-fire, Sioux City, Iowa, looking back on, 2004:5.96

AIRCRAFT FIRES (NONCRASH)

Airports, at (See AIRPORTS)

California, June, 2006, 2007:6.83

Commercial jet, Texas, Nov., 2005, 2006:6.75

Military plane, California, Nov. 7, 1990, 1991:6.74

Passenger plane, Florida, Dec., 1998, 1999:6.94

AIRCRAFT HANGARS

Foam use in aircraft hangars, 2000:4.79

Membrane hangar constructed by United Airlines at Logan Airport, Boston, 2008:4.54

NFPA 5000, Building Code™, balances aircraft hangar structural safety and economics, 2002:5.24

AIRCRAFT HANGAR FIRES

California, 1994, 1995:5.36

California, 1998, 1999:2.25

California, 2001, 2002:3.34

California, 2003, 2004:1.17

Kansas, July, 1993, 1994:6.96

Minnesota, 2008, 2009:4.21

Nebraska, May, 2002, 2003:3.18, 2003:6.78

AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING (ARFF)

Airbus A380 super jumbo jet passenger capacity brings new challenges to airport fire service, 2008:4.40

Debate continues on need for crews, funding, preparedness, types of rescue, 1997:2.84

NFPA 405, Recommended Practice for the Recurring Proficiency Training of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting addresses ARFF training issues, 1999:3.78

NFPA and federal government aviation safety efforts, history of, 2007:4.104

NFPA role in international aviation fire safety, 1996:3.50

NFPA survey of U. S. airport fire departments, 1998, 1999:3.72

AIRPORTS. See also AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIRE FIGHTING (ARFF); HELIPORTS

Aircraft fire on runway

Catastrophic, California, Feb. 1, 1991, 1992:4.72, 1992:6.76

Catastrophic, Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Dec. 3, 1990, 1991:4.70

Catastrophic, Illinois, Nov. 19, 1996, 1997:5.54

Georgia, May, 1991, 1992:6.77

Massachusetts, 1998, 1998:4.22

New York, March, 1991, 1992:6.79

New York, March, 1992, 1993:5.68, 1993:6.88

New York, Sept., 1992, 1993:6.88

Akron Airdock fire, May 18, 2006, 2008:4.56

At Boston's Logan Airport, United Airlines constructs new membrane hangar, 2008:4.54

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft fire on runway, California, Feb. 1, 1991, 1992:4.72, 1992:6.76

Aircraft fire on runway, Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Dec. 3, 1990, 1991:4.70

Aircraft fire on runway, Illinois, Nov. 19, 1996, 1997:5.54

Military aircraft fire, Wisconsin, Dec. 10, 1993, 1994:5.106, 1994:6.98

Emergency evacuation, applying NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® for, 2002:5.32

Emergency planning should include various occupancies, 2002:5.28

Emergency response drill, Logan International Airport, Boston, Mass., 1991:2.54

Fire alarm and communication systems requirements present challenges, 2004:5.32

Fire alarm and voice systems require thorough testing, 2002:5.36

Fueling accident at Denver International Airport leads to aircraft fueling policy changes, 2002:5.66

Hong Kong International Airport, fire safety provisions at, 2001:1.38

Indianapolis's new airport's water based-suppression system, 2008:4.48

Japan Airlines' performance-based design approach to Kennedy Airport air cargo facility, 2002:5.62

Life safety jeopardized by tighter airport security, 1996:6.85

Loading walkways, maintaining safety of, 2001:1.63

NFPA standards addressing airport safety described, 2004:5.30

Orlando International Airport's new air traffic control tower incorporates new fire safety features, 2003:3.68

Tank farm fire, Stapleton Airport, Denver, Colo., Nov. 25, 1991, 1992:1.60

Terminal fire, fatal, Düsseldorf, Germany, Apr. 11, 1996, 1996:4.43

Washington, D. C. airports equipped with state-of-art fire protection and security systems, 1998:4.80

Washington Dulles International Airport Aerotrain smoke control systems aid passenger evacuation, 2010:4.62

Akron Airdock fire, May 18, 2006, 2008:4.56

Auto salvage yard fire, 1998, 1999:2.25

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, July 10, 1991, 1992:4.72

Aircraft, June 23, 1996, 1997:5.54

Apartment building, March, 2001, 2002:5.82

Apartment building, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Automobile, Dec., 2001, 2002:5.82

Board and care facility, Jan. 7, 1990, 1991:4.67

Board and care facility, Sept. 19, 1990, 1991:4.68

Board and care facility, Oct. 19, 1994, 1995:5.62

Building-under-renovation fire, Jan. 22, 1999, 2000:5.61

Camping trailer, Dec. 6, 197, 1998:5.56

Coal mine, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Day care center fire, Jan. 11, 1999, 2000:5.59

Dwelling, Aug. 27, 1990, 1991:4.64

Dwelling, Nov. 12, 1996, 1997:5.51

Dwelling, July 20, 1997, 1998:5.50

Dwelling, July 5, 1999, 2000:5.58

Dwelling, May, 2004, 2005:5.58

Hunting lodge, Nov., 2002, 2003:5.75

Manufactured home, March, 2009, 2010:5.64

Manufacturing plant, May 11, 1999, 2000:5.60

Motor vehicle, Feb., 2007, 2008:5.62

Dwelling fire, 2007, 2008:6.20

Dwelling fire, 2008, 2009:5.24

Electric generating plant fire, Nov., 1991, 1992:6.76

Electric generating plant fire, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

Electric generating (nuclear) plant fire, May 23, 1996, 1997:6.58

Apartment building, 2005, 2006:5.32

Dwelling, 1995, 1996:3.39

Dwelling, 1998, 1999:3.46

Dwelling, 1999, 2000:4.19

Dwelling, 2001, 2002:3.32

Dwelling, 2002, 2003:6.14

Dwelling, 2007, 2008:4.19, 6.20

Dwelling, 2009, 2010:6.23

NFPA grants target high fire death rate, 2005:2.10

Vacant dwelling, 2009, 2010:6.21

Manufactured home fire, 1992, 1993:4.25

Manufacturing plant fire, Feb., 1994, 1995:6.107

Manufacturing plant fire, June, 1998, 1999:6.91

Manufacturing plant fire, Feb., 2000, 2001:6.61

Manufacturing plant fire, Sept., 2006, 2007:6.76

Nuclear energy plant fire, May 23, 1996, 1997:6.58

Vacant building fire, 2002, 2003:5.18

Warehouse fire, 1992, 1993:4.26

Warehouse fire, Oct. 2, 1997, 1998:6.88

Air traffic control radioed jet repeatedly before contacting fire department, 1999:5.40

Monitored alarm, lack of, 1997:4.22

Not heard outside empty building, 1995:6.108

Not in area of fire, 1997:6.50

Not set off immediately, 1992:3.32, 2007:4.25

Waterflow alarm did not operate, 1996:3.39

Waterflow alarm incorrectly installed, 1991:3.25, 2003:6.12

Central station alarm company not operating, 2004:6.20

Central station notification of fire service delayed, 1997:2.21, 2001:6.23

Cruise vessel delayed alarms factor in fatal fires, 1998:3.66

Detection system lacking, 1993:6.79, 1994:5.102, 1997:6.52, 1998:4.22

Detectors, smoke (See also DETECTORS, SMOKE, NOT A FACTOR IN FIRE)

Alarms not heard outside empty building, 1995:6.108

Below area of fire origin, 1995:6.99, 1995:6.106

Closed bedroom door, 2007:5.26

Lacking, 1995:1.34, 2000:6.86, 88, 2005:1.17, 2.22, 2009:3.44

Not functioning, 1992:6.29, 1994:1.30, 1997:3.29

Not set off immediately, 1992:3.32, 1995:2.30, 1999:3.46, 2004:5.70

Dispatched to wrong address, 1994:5.29, 1995:5.64

Emergency communications center equipment failure, due to, 2009:4.21

Employee(s), role of

Confirmed fire, 1991:1.30, 1991:5.64, 1992:4.71, 1992:5.56, 1992:6.74, 1993:6.81, 1994:4.31, 1994:6.89, 1995:4.39, 40, 1995:6.98, 1997:5.54, 1998:6.23

Evacuated patients, 1994:4.29

Failed to activate alarm system, 1999:2.25

Failed to locate source of fire, 1996:6.24

Failed to use manual alarms, 1992:6.29

Fought fire, 1991:2.31, 1991:3.26, 1991:4.67, 1991:6.23, 25, 73, 75, 1992:2.28, 1992:4.25, 1992:6.77, 79, 1993:1.26, 1993:2.20, 1993:6.82, 83, 85, 89, 1994:2.27, 30, 1994:5.30, 1994:6.96, 97, 1995:1.34, 1995:2.31, 1995:6.104, 106, 107, 1996:6.64, 1997:2.21, 3.33, 5.24, 6.19, 50, 56, 1998:4.20, 5.18, 6.89, 1999:5.20, 6.97, 2000:3.38, 6.96, 2001:6.62, 63, 2002:3.32, 2004:2.16, 6.56, 2006:3.30, 6.70, 2007:6.22, 2009:3.43

Investigated fire cause, 2000:2.23, 2008:1.22

Left site to report fire, 1993:6.30

Mistook alarm for false alarm, 1998:5.53

Mistook fire alarm for intrusion alarm, 1993:6.30

Not in area of origin, 2009:6.75

Reported fire as under control, 1993:3.34

Smelled smoke but delayed call to fire department, 2004:4.19

Thought fire extinguished, 1999:6.20

Fire burned undetected, 1991:1.28, 1991:5.28, 1997:5.49, 1998:6.84, 85, 86, 88, 92, 1999:6.90, 91, 95, 2000:6.95, 96, 2002:1.19, 4.20, 5.18, 20, 22, 2004:5.70, 6.18, 6.55, 2005:1.14, 16, 4.20, 2006:5.28, 6.69, 2007:6.82, 2009:2.25, 6.77, 2010:3.36, 5.29, 6.66

Fire department advised to disregard alarms due to scheduled building maintenance, 1997:6.49

Fire in remote, unoccupied area, 2000:6.90

Hotel room occupant had difficulty contacting front desk, 1994:2.28

Industrial area unpopulated due to holiday, 1993:6.82

Interior location of fire, 1993:1.28

Key holder notified first, 2000:6.84

Manual pull stations not operational, 1994:5.95

Monitored alarm, lack of, 2002:4.18

Monitored alarm fuse problem, 2010:5.32

Motion alarms not set off immediately, 1992:3.32

Neighbor(s), role of

Fought fire, 1995:5.34

Refused to call fire department, 1992:4.69

911 call incomplete, 1994:5.102, 1999:2.23, 1999:6.97

911 called prior to alarm box report, 1993:2.20

911 dispatcher misunderstood nature of call, 1998:5.16

911, signal not automatically sent to, 2002:1.21

911 system lacking, 1995:5.58

No fire detectors, 1992:1.23, 26, 1995:6.108

Occupant(s), role of

Attempted rescue, 1991:4.68, 1996:3.39, 1997:2.22, 2008:2.25, 3.30, 4.19

Attempted to move burning sofa, 2007:2.20

Attempted to move burning vehicle, 2002:5.20

Did not speak English, 2001:5.75, 2006:3.36

Fought fire, 1991:2.29, 3.36, 4.47, 4.69, 1992:4.26, 67, 5.25, 1993:1.27, 1994:1.31, 5.98, 102, 1995:3.38, 4.37, 5.53, 1996:1.23, 5.23, 1997:2.22, 5.21, 1998:1.23, 2.18, 6.23, 90, 1999:5.19, 2000:5.22, 6.17, 2001:2.23, :3.32, 2002:2.22, 4.19, 2003:2.24, 3.18, 2004:5.68, 5.69, 6.16, 2005:3.26, 3.32, 2006:4.24, 26, 27, 6.21, 2007:2.20, 5.58, 6.18, 19, 2008:1.19, 2.25, 3.28, 5.30, 6.17, 18, 2009:2.23, 25, 6.22, 23, 2010:3.33, 37, 38, 5.29, 5.32, 6.24

Hung up on 911 operators repeatedly, 2008:6.18

Language barrier delayed notification, 2005:5.24, 2010:3.33

Left site to report fire, 1993:3.34, 1994:5.97, 1996:6.22, 2001:5.75, 76, 2005:2.20, 2006:5.28

Notified others in building before fire department, 2000:6.90, 2005:4.18

Searched for fire, 1991:1.30, 2004:6.17

Smelled burning but could not locate source, 2003:3.18

Telephoned relative rather than fire department, 1999:6.18, 2003:5.14

Thought fire extinguished, 2000:6.88, 2008:2.30

Passer(s)by, role of

Attempted rescue, 1991:4.64

Did not call fire department, 2000:6.86

Fought fire, 2006:6.22

Left site to report fire, 1994:3.30, 1995:5.35

Tried to locate smoke source, 1991:4.64

Plant closed for night, 2000:1.21

Plant closed for weekend, 1991:5.28, 1992:1.23

Power shut off, 1993:6.84

Protection systems unsupervised, 1993:5.67

Reason unknown, 1994:5.95, 1995:5.36, 1995:6.38, 2009:5.82

Remote location, 1992:1.23, 1993:5.62, 1993:6.83

Security personnel confirmed fire, 1997:5.23

Sheriff's department received call, contacted fire department, 1999:2.25

Shopping mall closed for night, 1997:4.21

Sprinkler system, dry-pipe, 2009:3.44

Sprinkler system not connected to central alarm, 1993:1.26, 1995:3.39

State police dispatcher had trouble locating proper fire department, 2009:4.18

Street address, confusion as to correct, 2009:4.18

Telephones not available at site/building, 1995:5.58, 1996:1.23, 2005:3.32

Telephones not operable due to fire, 1993:5.66, 1993:6.29, 30, 1995:6.99, 1996:6.22, 1997:6.50

Water motor gong outside building not heard, 1991:5.25

Waterflow alarms

Did not operate, 1996:3.39, 2000:6.91

Incorrectly installed, 1991:3.25, 2003:6.12

Weather obscured fire, 1992:1.23

ALARM SYSTEMS. See also BUZZ WORDS COLUMNS; DETECTORS; NATIONAL FIRE ALARM CODE®

Addressable systems, testing of, 1994:2.41

Computer use in, 1992:2.32

Design of, 1992:4.12

Directional sound used to indicate exits, 2005:3.50

High-rise speaker circuit survivability requirements, 2001:3.76

History of fire alarm industry, 2007:Fall.152

Industry experts discuss alarm technology, 1999:2.46

Inspection, testing, and maintenance to ensure reliability, 1996:5.68

Installer certification required in Seattle, 1993:1.55

Integrated fire and security systems in commercial buildings, 1997:3.60

Integrating fire alarm systems with building management systems, 2008:6.62

Intelligent systems eliminate false alarms without compromising protection, 1997:6.78

Manual pull stations not operational, factor in catastrophic apartment building fire, 1998:5.45

Manual pull stations not operational, factor in catastrophic hotel fire, 1994:5.95

Manual pull stations not operational, factor in fatal fire, 1997:4.19

Manual pull stations not operational, factor in hotel fire, 2007:1.15

Manual system out of service, factor in school fire, 1998:1.21

Mass notification system at college uses existing infrastructure to provide flexibility, 2008:5.90

Modified redundant systems increase safety, not cost, 1993:6.68

Multisensor alarms speed detection, reduce nuisance alarms, 1998:1.46

Notification system effectiveness, Fire Protection Research Foundation study of, 2007:5.34

Optimization of fire alarm systems for high-risk groups, Fire Protection Research Foundation study, 2007:6.24

Proprietary system at Chrysler Corp. Technology Center, 1995:3.129

Reliable hardware, system design, installation, maintenance all needed, 1995:1.49

Replacement or upgrading of older systems, 2005:4.66

Signals to reduce older adult fire deaths, 2006:5.26

Silenced by employee in hotel fire, 2009:3.38

Software management is crucial, 1995:1.54

Sound and strobe alarms required by Americans with Disabilities Act, 1995:4.58

Standardizing icons on fire alarm panels, 2000:5.66

Supervising stations play key role in holistic fire protection approach, 1999:3.130

Terminology needs clarification by users, engineers, designers, code enforcers, 1998:5.62

Voice alarm system design guidelines, 1994:1.50

Voice alarms, testing and improving intelligibility of, 1999:6.72

Waking effectiveness among children and elderly research by U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2003:4.44

Wiring system properly to ensure reliability, 2000:5.71

Catastrophic fire alarm delayed because assumed false alarm, 1998:5.53

Causes, costs, and solutions to U. S. false alarm problem, 1995:1.45

Delayed response in fatal fire, 1995:6.37

Delayed response to catastrophic fire, 1994:5.98

Delayed response to large-loss fire, 2004:6.56

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2006:4.56

Habitual false/nuisance alarms can cause complacency, 2002:3.42

High number of U. S. fire service calls are false alarms, 2005:3.16

Intelligent systems eliminate false alarms without compromising protection, 1997:6.78

Multisensor alarms can reduce false alarms and speed detection, 1998:1.46

Nuisance alarms, caused by many factors, are problems for property owners and managers, 2007:2.50

Poor and early installation of alarm systems main causes of nuisance alarms, 1999:1.29

Study of causes and history of commercial system nuisance alarms, Naperville, Ill., 1999:4.86

Using NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, to prevent false alarms, 2002:1.34

Apartment building fire, June, 2007, 2008:6.43

Catastrophic ship fire, July 27, 1996, 1997:5.54

Dwelling, 2009, 2010:3.36

Manufactured home, 2008, 2009:3.40

Manufactured home, 2009, 2010:1.20

Fire-safe cigarettes legislation passed by state, 2007:5.18

Hotel fire, March 20, 1996, 1997:6.57

Hotel fire, 2006, 2007:1.15

Manufacturing plant fire, April 3, 1997, 1998:6.84

Manufacturing plant fire, 2008, 2009:2.26

Manufacturing plant fire, July, 2008, 2009:6.77

Office building fire, 2000, 2001:4.20

Refinery fire, Dec., 2008, 2009:6.84

School fire, Aug., 2006, 2007:6.82

Store fire, April, 1994, 1995:6.100

Trans-Alaska pipeline officials face fire protection challenges, 2000:4.96

Vacant manufacturing plant fire, April 25, 1997, 1998:6.92

Wildland/urban interface fire, June 2, 1996, 1997:6.59

ALBERTA, CANADA

Apartment building fire, 1990, 1991:5.26

Apartment building fire, 2003, 2004:2.18

Bulk storage elevator fire, 1996, 1997:4.20

Suncor Energy Inc. oil sands operation addresses fire prevention challenges, 2004:6.36

At Suncor Energy Inc. oil sands operation, teamwork helps fight dangerous cold weather fire, 2005:6.58

ALCOHOL (BEVERAGE)

Apartment building fires, factor in, 1991:3.26, 1992:4.69, 1995:5.34, 1996:5.24, 1996:5.91, 1999:5.19, 2008:5.28, 2009:6.22

Catastrophic fires, factor in

Apartment building fire, 1992:4.69, 1996:5.91, 1998:5.49

Automobile fire, 1995:5.68

Board and care facility fire, 1996:5.96

Dwelling fire, 1991:4.64, 65, 66, 68, 1992:4.68, 1993:5.64, 1994:5.97, 1995:5.60, 1996:5.92, 93, 1998:5.49, 1999:5.50, 2000:5.56, 58, 2001:5.77, 2008:5.57

Fraternity house fire, 1997:5.50

Motor vehicle accident/fire, 1998:5.55

Catastrophic vacant building fires, factor in, 2000:5.60

Distillery explosion and fire, Kansas, Sept., 2002, 2003:5.18, 2003:6.77

Distillery fire, Kentucky, Nov. 7, 1996, 1997:6.57

Dormitory fire, factor in, 2001:3.30

Dwelling fires, factor in, 1991:4.64, 65, 66, 68, 1992:4.68, 1993:2.22, 1993:5.64, 1994:1.31, 1994:5.97, 1995:5.60, 1996:5.92, 93, 2003:1.15, 2003:5.16

Fatal fires, factor in

Apartment building fire, 1995:5.34, 1998:2.16, 1999:2.23, 1999:3.48, 2000:1.19, 2000:3.34, 2000:5.23, 2002:3.32, 2002:4.20, 2002:5.20, 2008:3.21, 4.20, 2010:1.22, 2.22, 3.40, 6.21

Boat fire, 2000:1.21

Camping trailer fire, 1999:1.19

Dwelling fire, 1993:2.22, 1994:1.31, 1998:1.23, 4.19, 1999:4.19, 1999:5.19, 2001:2.23, 2001:3.30, 2003:5.16, 2006:1.18, 2007:4.26, 2008:5.24, 6.18, 2009:4.18, 5.23, 25, 2010:1.21, 26, 5.33

Fraternity house fire, 1997:6.21, 2007:6.17

Hotel fire, 1998:6.23, 2002:1.20

Manufactured home fire, 1998:1.23, 2005:6.20, 2009:6.24, 2010:5.33

Manufacturing plant fire, 1998:6.22

Motor home fire, 1995:5.36

Rooming house fire, 2001:6.21

Shed fire, possible factor in, 1993:2.20

Trailer, Virginia, 2008, 2009:4.22

Fraternity house fire, factor in, 1997:5.50, 6.21, 2009:2.22

Group home fire, factor in, 1992:1.26

Home fire deaths, report on alcohol as factor in, 2010:2.75

Hotel fire, factor in, 2009:5.26

Fire testing of ethanol fuels, 2008:2.60

Possible misuse in kerosene heater, fatal fire cause, 1998:2.16

Spill ignited by light, 1994:2.27

ALCOHOL (MEDICAL USE)

Cauterizing instrument, vapors ignited by, 2009:6.26

Vapors ignited by torch in dental office, 2010:2.26

ALMAND, KATHLEEN H.

Profile of, 1998:3.54

ALTERNATIVE FUELS

Alternative fuels becoming more common at filling stations, 2002:6.46

Fire testing of ethanol fuels, 2008:2.60

NFPA 30A, Automotive and Marine Service Station, expanded to cover alternative fuels, 2000:4.83

NFPA/Fire Protection Research Foundation research to aid alternative fuel emergency response, 2009:6.52

NFPA Technical Committee on Vehicular Alternative Fuel Systems works to regulate alternative fuels, 2003:2.42

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)

Audited Designator status requires rigorous audit of standards development process, 1999:2.70

U. S. response to European economic unification and global standards led by, 1991:6.54

AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT

Accessibility standard set by act, 1993:3.42

Builders and owners, effects on, 1992:2.14

Life Safety Code changed to conform with, 1993:3.18, 1994:2.34

New technologies aid compliance, 1997:6.38

NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, and ADA requirements, 2005:4.70

Title III, discussion of, 1995:4.54

Leak ignites warehouse fire, 1999:6.94

Liquid refrigerant, factor in warehouse fire, 1994:3.27

Potential anhydrous ammonia release hampers fire service operations, 2010:6.65

AMUSEMENT CENTER FIRES

New Jersey, Dec., 1992, 1993:6.79

Tennessee, July, 1992, 1993:6.81

AMUSEMENT PARKS

Security technology in modern amusement park design, 2006:3.79

U. S. parks and resorts use NFPA standards for pyrotechnic safety, 2002:3.78

AMUSEMENT PARK FIRES

Arizona, April, 1995, 1996:6.73

California, 1993, 1994:3.28

APARTMENT BUILDING FIRES. See also APARTMENT COMPLEX FIRES; CONDOMINIUM FIRES; HOUSING FOR ELDERLY FIRES

Alabama, 2005, 2006:5.32

Alaska, June, 2007, 2008:6.43

Alberta, Canada, 1990, 1991:5.26

Alberta, Canada, 2003, 2004:2.18

Arizona, 1994, 1995:6.37

Arizona, June, 1998, 1999:6.96

Arizona, 2009, 2010:3.40

Arkansas, 1993, 1994:3.28

California, Nov., 1993, 1994:6.89

California, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.110

California, 1996, 1997:3.30

California, 1997, 1998:2.18, 4.19, 5.15

California, 2000, 2001:1.21, 2001:3.32

California, 2002, 2003:5.16

California, May, 2003, 2004:6.54

California, July, 2005, 2006:6.71

California, 2007, 2008:2.26, 3.28

California, 2008, 2009:6.24

California, 2009, 2010:4.25, 2010:4.27

Alabama, March, 2001, 2002:5.82

Alabama, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Arizona, Feb., 2005, 2006:5.61

California, Sept. 7, 1991, 1992:4.69

California, April 26, 1993, 1994:5.96

California, May 3, 1993, 1994:5.95

California, June 6, 1994, 1995:5.59

California, Oct. 14, 1995, 1996:5.93

California, Feb. 6, 1996, 1997:5.49

California, Dec. 13, 1997, 1998:5.46

California, Sept., 2005, 2006:5.62

California, July, 2007, 2008:5.59

Illinois, May 30, 1990, 1991:4.65

Illinois, Dec. 9, 1991, 1992:4.67

Illinois, March 14, 1991, 1992:4.69

Illinois, Dec. 6, 1992, 1993:5.64

Illinois, March 20, 1994, 1995:5.53

Illinois, Sept. 15, 1997, 1998:5.46

Illinois, Oct. 26, 1997, 1998:5.46

Illinois, May 31, 1999, 2000:5.56

Illinois, March, 2001, 2002:5.82

Illinois, Sept., 2006, 2007:5.58

Iowa, Dec. 22, 1999, 2000:4.54, 5.57

Louisiana, Aug. 10, 1994, 1995:5.60

Louisiana, March, 2005, 2006:5.60

Maryland, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Maryland, Oct., 2002, 2003:5.75

Maryland, May, 2007, 2008:5.57

Massachusetts, March 21, 1994, 1995:5.59

Massachusetts, Dec. 28, 1997, 1998:5.49

Massachusetts, Feb. 19, 1998, 1999:5.52

Michigan, July 31, 1991, 1992:4.68

Michigan, Feb. 28, 1993, 1994:5.95

Michigan, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.75

Minnesota, Nov. 10, 1993, 1994:5.97

Minnesota, Feb. 28, 1994, 1995:5.58

Minnesota, Jan. 14, 1995, 1996:5.91

Minnesota, Dec. 11, 1998, 1999:5.55

Mississippi, Jan. 26, 1993, 1994:5.95

Mississippi Dec., 2009, 2010:5.63

Missouri, March 12, 1999, 2000:5.56

New Jersey, Feb. 13, 1991, 1992:4.69

New Jersey, May 6, 1997, 1998:5.45

New York, Aug. 4, 1990, 1991:4.66

New York, Jan. 16, 1990, 1991:4.65

New York, March 13, 1991, 1992:4.67

New York, Aug. 22, 1994, 1995:5.66

New York, Feb. 24, 1999, 2000:5.57

New York, January, 2001, 2002:5.82

New York, Nov., 2001, 2002:5.82

New York, June, 2002, 2003:5.75

New York, March, 2003, 2004:5.69

New York, April, 2004, 2005:5.57

New York, Oct., 2008, 2009:5.81

New York, Jan., 2005, 2006:5.61

North Carolina, Sept. 5, 1993, 1994:5.100

Ohio, Dec. 11, 1993, 1994:5.102

Ohio, Jan. 12, 1994, 1995:5.58

Ohio, Sept., 2004, 2005:5.56

Ohio, Dec., 2008, 2009:5.82

Ohio, Oct., 2004, 2005:5.56

Oregon, June 28, 1996, 1997:5.49

Pennsylvania, April 5, 1997, 1998:5.45

Pennsylvania, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Pennsylvania, June, 2005, 2006:5.62

Pennsylvania, Feb., 2006, 2007:5.58

Pennsylvania, March, 2006, 2007:5.58

Pennsylvania, Dec., 2006, 2007:5.60

Rhode Island, Feb. 27, 1993, 1994:5.96

Rhode Island, Dec. 23, 1995, 1996:5.93

Rhode Island, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.77

Tennessee, Dec. 28, 1998, 1999:5.53

Tennessee, Dec., 2001, 2002:5.82

Texas, Aug. 21, 1993, 1994:5.100

Texas, Oct., 2000, 2001:5.76

Texas, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.70

Virginia, May 18, 1998, 1999:5.50

West Virginia, Jan., 2007, 2008:5.57

Colorado, 1997, 1998:4.20

Colorado, July 18, 1997, 1998:6.90

Colorado, 2000, 2001:5.26

Colorado, 2005, 2006:4.26

Colorado, 2007, 2008:5.27, 28

Connecticut, 1996, 1997:2.21, 5.21, 2010:5.32

Connecticut, 1999, 2000:3.32

Connecticut, 2002, 2003:3.16

Connecticut, 2005, 2006:2.26

Connecticut, April, 2008, 2009:6.79

Connecticut, 2009, 2010:4.30

Florida, 1990, 1991:3.25, 1991:6.24

Florida, 1992, 1993:1.27

Florida, 1993, 1994:5.27, 1994:6.33

Florida, 1995, 1996:1.23

Florida, 1996, 1997:3.29

Florida, 1998, 1999:1.17

Florida, 2000, 2001:3.34

Florida, May, 2000, 2001:6.63

Florida, 2001, 2002:1.20

Florida, 2002, 2003:4.14

Georgia, 2006, 2007:3.34

Hawaii, 1993, 1994:2.28

Illinois, 1990, 1991:4.25

Illinois, 1993, 1994:1.31

Illinois, 1994, 1995:4.37

Illinois, 2004, 2005:5.27

Illinois, 2005, 2006:6.22

Illinois, 2007, 2008:4.22

Illinois, 2009, 2010:1.25

Indiana, 2000, 2001:2.22

Indiana, 2008, 2009:4.19

Indiana, 2009, 2010:6.22

Iowa, 2005, 2006:4.24

Iowa, 2009, 2010:4.26

Iowa, Dec. 22, 1999, 2000:4.54, 5.57

Kansas, 2007, 2008:5.23

Kansas, 2008, 2009:1.19, 6.21

Kentucky, 2000, 2001:3.36

Kentucky, 2001, 2002:5.20

Kentucky, 2004, 2004:4.16

Kentucky, 2005, 2006:2.26

Louisiana, 1997, 1998:2.16

Louisiana, 2008, 2009:2.22

Maine, 1995, 1996:5.24

Maine, 1999, 2000:1.19

Maine, 2009, 2010:1.21

Maryland, 1989, 1991:2.29

Maryland, 1991, 1992:3.34

Maryland, Nov., 1998, 1999:6.97

Maryland, 2001, 2002:5.18

Maryland, 2002, 2003:2.24

Maryland, 2005, 2006:3.38, 6.20

Maryland, Jan., 2005, 2006:6.72

Maryland, 2007, 2008:1.19, 3.22, 4.21

Maryland, 2008, 2009:5.23

Massachusetts, 1990, 1991:3.26

Massachusetts, 1992, 1993:6.28

Massachusetts, 1994, 1995:5.34

Massachusetts, 1995, 1996:1.22

Massachusetts, 1997, 1998:4.19

Massachusetts, 1998, 1999:6.17

Massachusetts, Aug. 29, 1999, 2000:6.95

Massachusetts, 2000, 2001:5.24

Massachusetts, 2002, 2003:3.14, 3.16

Massachusetts, 2005, 2006:1.18

Massachusetts, 2006, 2007:2.20

Massachusetts, 2007, 2008:3.21, 5.26

Massachusetts, 2008, 2009:1.19

Michigan, Feb., 1994, 1995:6.99

Michigan, 1998, 1999:1.17

Michigan, 1999, 2000:2.22

Michigan, 2000, 2001:4.23

Michigan, 2008, 2009:6.20

Michigan, April, 2008, 2009:6.79

Michigan, 2009, 2010:4.30

Minnesota, 2001, 2002:6.21

Minnesota, June, 2003, 2004:6.54

Minnesota, 2005, 2006:4.27

Minnesota, July, 2006, 2007:6.80

Minnesota, 2007, 2008:4.20, 24

Minnesota, 2009, 2010:2.24, 2010:5.34

Missouri, 1994, 1995:3.37

Missouri, 2000, 2001:3.32

Missouri, 2003, 2004:2.18

Missouri, 2005, 2006:3.36

Missouri, 2007, 2008:6.21

Montana, 1999, 2000:5.23

Nebraska, 1997, 1997:5.22

Nebraska, 2001, 2002:6.18

Nebraska, 2005, 2006:1.18

Nebraska, 2006, 2007:4.25

Nevada, 2004, 2005:5.32

New Hampshire, 1990, 1992:1.26

New Hampshire, 2003, 2004:4.17

New Hampshire, 2008, 2009:2.25

New Jersey, 1996, 1997:5.22

New Jersey, 1997, 1998:3.41

New Jersey, 1998, 1999:2.24

New Jersey, Aug., 2000, 2001:6.63

New Jersey, 2002, 2003:5.16

New Jersey, 2004, 2005:2.22

New York, 1993, 1994:5.27

New York, May, 1993, 1994:6.90

New York, March 28, 1994, 1995:6.85

New York, Aug., 1994, 1995:6.100

New York, 1996, 1997:6.20

New York, 1997, 1998:2.18

New York, Dec. 18, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:3.84

New York, Dec. 23, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:3.84

New York, 1999, 2000:5.22

New York, 2000, 2001:1.21, 2001:5.25

New York, 2009, 2010:2.22

North Carolina, 1994, 1995:4.38, 1995:5.34

North Carolina, 2002, 2003:1.15

North Carolina, 2005, 2006:6.22

North Dakota, 1998, 1999:2.23

North Dakota, 2009, 2010:6.24

Ohio, 1993, 1994:2.29

Ohio, 1995, 1996:5.24

Ohio, 1996, 1997:4.20

Ohio, 2000, 2001:2.22, 4.24

Ohio, 2004, 2005:2.20, 4.18

Ohio, 2005, 2006:6.18

Ohio, 2006, 2007:3.34

Ohio, 2007, 2008:6.17

Ohio, 2008, 2009:1.22, 3.35

Ohio, 2009, 2010:6.21

Oklahoma, June, 1998, 1999:6.97

Oklahoma, 2007, 2008:3.28

Oklahoma, 2009, 2010:5.31

Oregon, 1996, 1997:3.30

Oregon, Aug. 19, 1999, 2000:6.95

Oregon, March, 2003, 2004:6.54

Oregon, 2005, 2006:6.21

Oregon, 2009, 2010:4.28

Pennsylvania, 1990, 1991:4.26

Pennsylvania, 2002, 2003:2.22, 2003:5.16

Pennsylvania, 2005, 2006:4.26

Pennsylvania, 2007, 2008:5.27

Pennsylvania, Aug., 2008, 2009:6.82

Pennsylvania, 2009, 2010:1.24, 2010:3.37

Rhode Island, 1992, 1993:2.22

Rhode Island, 1999, 2000:4.19

Rhode Island, 2003, 2004:1.15

Rhode Island, 2009, 2010:2.23

South Carolina, 2006, 2007:3.28

South Carolina, 2008, 2009:3.33

Tennessee, 1999, 2000:3.36

Tennessee, 2006, 2007:2.19

Tennessee, 2009, 2010:3.37

Texas, 1996, 1997:2.22

Texas, Jan. 16, 1997, 1998:6.90

Texas, 1999, 2000:3.36

Texas, 2001, 2002:3.32

Texas, 2004, 2005:5.32

Texas, 2005, 2006:2.28

Texas, 2006, 2007:3.24

Texas, 2007, 2008:3.24

Texas, 2009, 2010:1.22, 3.38, 4.23, 24, 5.34

Utah, 1994, 1995:6.36

Utah, 1995, 1996:2.23

Utah, 1996, 1997:5.21

Vermont, 1996, 1997:2.22

Vermont, 2004, 2005:5.24

Virginia, 1992, 1993:3.35

Virginia, 1993, 1994:3.28

Virginia, 1997, 1998:5.15, 6.22

Virginia, 2001, 2002:1.21, 2002:4.20

Virginia, Feb., 2003, 2004:6.56

Virginia, 2004, 2005:6.18

Virginia, 2006, 2007:5.26

Washington, 1995, 1996:1.22

Washington, 1996, 1997:1.25

Washington, 1997, 1998:6.23

Washington, Nov. 13, 1997, 1998:6.90

Washington, 1998, 1999:3.48, 1999:5.19

Washington, 1999, 2000:6.17

Washington, 2000, 2001:4.23

Washington, 2002, 2003:2.22

Washington, 2003, 2004:1.15, 2004:3.18

Washington, 2004, 2005:6.18

Washington, 2005, 2006:1.18

Washington, 2007, 2008:6.19

Washington, 2009, 2010:4.26

Washington, D.C., March, 2008, 2009:6.77

West Virginia, 2001, 2002:4.20

West Virginia, 2004, 2005:4.16

Wisconsin, 1999, 2000:4.18

Wisconsin, 2005, 2006:2.28

Wisconsin, 2006, 2007:2.22

Wisconsin, 2007, 2008:3.26

Wisconsin, 2008, 2009:1.17

Wisconsin, 2009, 2010:6.22

APARTMENT COMPLEX FIRES. See also APARTMENT BUILDING FIRES

California, 1990, 1991:4.26, 5.26

California, Nov. 10, 1990, 1991:6.73

California, 1992, 1993:5.35

California, 1993, 1994:2.28

Georgia, 1995, 1996:1.22

Iowa, April, 2003, 2004:6.53

Massachusetts, 1989, 1991:3.26

Missouri, 1989, 1991:1.30

Nevada, Jan., 2003, 2004:6.55

Nevada, Sept., 2003, 2004:6.54

New Jersey, 1993, 1994:1.32

New Mexico, July, 1995, 1996:6.74

Ohio, March, 1992, 1993:6.81

Oklahoma, 2006, 2007:1.19

APEX, NORTH CAROLINA

Environmental Quality Co. hazardous waste facility explosion and fire,Oct. 5, 2006, U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board investigation, 2008:6.68

APOLLO I SPACECRAFT

Fatal fire, 1996:1.68, 2006:1.80

AQUEOUS FILM-FORMING FOAM (AFFF)

Concentrate extinguishes aircraft fire, 1992:6.76

Limited prepiping hinders operations in fuel tank fire, 1991:6.73

AREAS OF REFUGE

Hospital fire, successful use in, 2001:5.26

Crown Coliseum, Cincinnati, Ohio, updates fire protection system, 1998:3.120

Republica Cromagnon disco fire, Buenos Aires, 2005:2.52

Apartment building-under-construction fire, June, 1998, 1999:6.96

Assisted living facility fire, 2008, 2009:3.42

Athletic complex fire, 1993, 1994:5.30

Catastrophic fires

Apartment building, Feb., 2005, 2006:5.61

Dude wildland/urban interface, June 25, 1990, 1991:1.59, 1991:4.70, 1991:6.78

Dwelling, Nov. 5, 1993, 1994:5.97

Dwelling, April, 2001, 2002:5.82

Dwelling, March 26, 1995, 1996:5.92

Manufactured home, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Manufacturing plant, Mar. 27, 1998, 1999:5.55

Motor vehicle, Sept., 2000, 2001:5.79

Motor vehicle, Nov., 2000, 2001:5.79

Motor vehicle, Feb., 2005, 2006:5.63

Motor vehicle, May, 2006, 2007:5.62

College building fire, Nov., 2007, 2008:6.45

Convention center fire, Dec., 2004, 2005:6.49

Dormitory fire, 1990, 1991:2.29

Dwelling fire, 1993, 1994:6.34

Dwelling fire, 2009, 2010:1.23

Apartment building, 1994, 1995:6.37

Apartment building, 2009, 2010:3.40

Dwelling, 2003, 2004:6.17

Manufactured home, 2007, 2008:6.19

Manufactured home, 2008, 2009:5.24

Motor vehicle, 2004, 2005:2.28

Manufacturing plant fire, Nov. 12, 1992, 1993:4.33

Manufacturing plant fire, 2000, 2001:1.23

Motor vehicle repair shop fire, 1990, 1991:5.28

Movie studio/amusement park fire, April, 1995, 1996:6.73

Museum fire, 2003, 2004:1.14

Nursing home fire, 1193, 1994:4.29

Restaurant fire, 2008, 2009:6.25

Store fire, 2003, 2004:2.16, 2004:6.20

Store fire, March, 2003, 2004:6.56

Store fire, June, 2006, 2007:6.78, 79

Store fire, March 21, 1998, 1998:4.49

Vacant building fire, 2008, 2009:5.24

Warehouse fire, Nov., 1992, 1993:6.86

Warehouse fire, Aug., 2000, 2001:6.61

Warehouse fire, Aug., 2000, fire investigation report, 2001:6.70

Warehouse fire, 2004, 2005:2.26

Wildland fire, June, 2002, 2003:6.80

Wildland fire, June 18, 2002, Show Low Fire District, 2003:2.62

Wildland fire, June, 2003, 2004:6.55

Aircraft fire, June 1, 1999, fire investigation report, 1999:5.40

Apartment building fire, 1993, 1994:3.28

Boat fire, 2008, 2009:4.21

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, June 1, 1999, 2000:5.61

Building-under-renovation, June 18, 1993, 1994:5.104

Dwelling, Dec., 2002, 2003:5.75

Dwelling, March, 2008, 2009:5.82

Manufactured home, Dec. 28, 1997, 1998:5.50

Manufactured home, April, 2005, 2006:5.60

Motor vehicle, Jan. 9, 1995, 1996:5.99

Nursing home, March 13,1 990, 1991:4.67

Oil refinery, Jan. 13, 1999, 2000:5.60

Packaging and storage facility, May 8, 1997, 1998:5.53

Storage facility, July 4, 1999, 2000:5.60

Tank, May, 2009, 2010:5.68

Truck fire, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

Electric generating plant fire, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.92

Dwelling, 1997, 1998:1.23, 4.19, 6.23

Dwelling, 1998, 1999:2.24

Dwelling, 2005, 2006:6.18, 24

Dwelling, 2009, 2010:1.21, 23

Manufacturing plant, Aug., 1994, 1995:6.107

Incinerator plant fire, 1994, 1995:6.38

Manufacturing plant fire, 1990, 1991:5.28

Manufacturing plant fire, 1992, 1993:4.27

Manufacturing plant fire, Dec., 1993, 1994:6.94

Manufacturing plant fire, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.106

Manufacturing plant fire, July, 1994, 1995:6.104

Manufacturing plant fire, May 20, 1995, 1996:6.64

Manufacturing plant fire, March, 2008, 2009:6.75

Manufacturing plant fire, July, 2009, 2010:6.66

School fire, Aug., 2006, 2007:6.82

Shopping mall fire, 1996, 1997:4.21

Shopping mall fire, 1999, 2000:5.23

ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA

9/11 Pentagon response report brings change to county fire service, 2002:6.36

ARSON. See INCENDIARY (SUSPICIOUS) FIRES

Emergency response protocols for asbestos abatement site fires, 1992:3.55

Exposure response policy, New York, N. Y., 1992:1.42

Haz-mat contamination, terminal fire, 1992:6.76

Haz-mat team gathers particles from ducts after fire, 1997:6.22

Boiler blocked by, caused explosion, 1994:6.92

Careless disposal of

Apartment building fire cause, 1998:6.22

Catastrophic dwelling fire cause, 1993:5.64

Clubhouse fire cause, 1991:6.23

Dwelling fire cause, 1992:1.21, 1998:1.22, 2000:4.18, 2004:6.16, 2009:1.23, 2010:2.22

Restaurant fire cause, 2001:5.22

Ignited in roof fire, 1994:6.95

Leaked asphalt ignited by unknown source, 1993:6.84

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1997:4.60

ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES. See also MOTORSPORTS VENUES; SEATING; specific occupancies

After Station Nightclub fire, sweeping changes made to assembly occupancy codes, 2004:1.52

Arts center fire, Texas, June, 2005, 2006:6.74

Assembly occupancy structure fires, statistical summary of, 2002:1.16

Auditorium/hall fire, Mississippi, Mar., 1998, 1999:6.95

Boston Convention and Exhibition Center construction presented fire and life safety challenges, 2004:3.62

Bowling alley fire, Ohio, 2006, 2007:4.24

Bowling alley fire, Oregon, 1999, 2000:4.19

Calculating occupant load in assembly uses, 1999:3.54

Casino fire, Illinois, March, 2009, 2010:6.63

Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center, University of Maryland, uses tested fire protection system, 2000:5.49

Convention center fire, Arizona, Dec., 2004, 2005:6.49

Convention center fire, Louisiana, 2001, 2002:6.22

Convention center fire and life safety challenges addressed by NFPA codes and standards, 2007:2.54

Convention center firefighting tactics reviewed, 2010:1.32

Crowd management factors in Riverfront Stadium, Cincinnati, concert disaster, Dec. 3, 1979, 2002:1.80

Crowd manager training is essential but what should it include, 2010:4.70

Crown Coliseum arena, Cincinnati, Ohio, updates fire protection system, 1998:3.120

Entertainment center fire, Pennsylvania, Jan. 28, 1997, 1998:6.92

Grandstand fire, Ohio, 2000, 2001:5.22

Interior finish materials need scrutiny in assembly occupancies, 2005:2.34

Major assembly occupancy fires covered by Quarterly and NFPA Journal, 2007:2.96

Mass notification systems include voice, radio, computer networks and texting, 2009:4.50

Massage parlor fire, Michigan, 1999, 2000:1.19

McCormick Place Exhibition Hall fire, 1967, looking back, 2004:3.136

Meeting hall fire, Massachusetts, 1997, 1998:1.21

Meeting hall fire, Missouri, 1997, 1998:2.19

National Guard Armory fire, Maine, 2003, 2004:6.18

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, addresses patron safety at assembly venues, 2002:1.29

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, requirements for assembly occupancy emergencies, 2002:1.30

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, takes integrated, all-hazards systems approach to crowd safety, 2002:1.40

NFPA 5000™ requirements, 2003:3.24

NFPA Technical Committee strives to make assembly occupancies safer, 2003:4.64

Occupied assembly occupancy fires may require extraordinary firefighting tactics, 2003:6.22

Olympics, 2000 Summer Games, Sydney, Australia, safety and security for, 2002:1.48

Olympics, 2002 Winter Games, fire protection based on NFPA standards, 2002:1.44

Open flame devices, tableside cooking, and food warming, as ignition sources in assembly occupancies, 2003:6.26

Pepsi Center, Denver, Colorado, designed for safety, 2000:3.72

Planning for fires in theaters, stadiums, and other entertainment venues, 2010:2.34

Risk management using performance-based design, 2000:3.50

Sports venues, operational requirements for, 2004:3.34

Sports venues and the fire alarm challenge, 2004:3.38

Texas Fire Marshal's fire safety campaign urges students to "have an exit strategy" in public spaces, 2007:3.98

Town hall fire, New Hampshire, 2000, 2001:2.20

Washington Dulles International Airport AeroTrain smoke control systems aid passenger evacuation, 2010:4.62

ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES. See also BOARD AND CARE FACILITIES; HOUSING FOR ELDERLY FIRES

Healthcare and residential board-and-care facilities differentiated, 1999:4.32

NFPA standards guide life safety, 2002:4.38

ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES FIRES

Arizona, 2008, 2009:3.42

Pennsylvania, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.78

Tennessee, Jan., 2004, 2005:5.59

Colorado, 2001, 2002:2.24

Florida, 2002, 2003:6.12

Florida, 2009, 2010:3.40

Minnesota, 2001, 2002:2.24

Missouri, 2000, 2001:3.28

Montana, March, 2005, 2006:6.69

Nebraska, 2008, 2009:4.18

Stadium fire, July 20, 1993, 1994:4.49

Winecoff Hotel fire, 1946, 2006:6.104

Fire Dynamics Simulator software provides safe smoke control design for real world enforcement, 2008:1.50

Fire protection engineering for atria in green building designs, 2008:1.56

Fan ignites concentrated fumes, 2003:6.79

Fire spread into/through, 1991:3.26, 4.67, 6.23, 77, 1992:2.25, 4.69, 6.76, 1993:5.64, 1994:4.31, 5.28, 100, 1995:4.39, 5.36, 6.98, 100, 108, 1996:1.21, 5.25, 6.64, 65, 73, 1997:1.27, 2.22, 4.20, 21, 5.50, 51, 6.52, 53, 58, 1998:1.21, 6.22, 86, 1999:5.52, 53, 6.97, 2000:4.18, 20, 6.16, 92, 2001:2.22, 4.20, 23, 24, 5.26, 77, 78, 6.62, 2002:4.16, 20, 6.20, 2003:2.24, 4.16, 17, 2004:1.14, 6.17, 54, 56, 2005:1.16, 4.18, 5.56, 59, 6.49, 2006:4.26, 5.28, 32, 6.71, 2007:3.24, 28, 4.28, 5.60, 6.80, 82, 2008:2.30, 2009:1.19, 2.21, 3.33, 35, 42, 5.23, 24, 80, 82, 6.79, 84, 2010:1.21, 22, 3.38, 4.27, 5.66

Fire started in, 1992:4.70, 1994:4.29, 1996:1.24, 1997:2.23, 1998:6.90, 2004:3.22, 6.55, 2006:2.24, 28, 2007:5.57, 2008:1.22, 5.59, 2010:4.30, 5.29

Lack of separations factor in fire spread, 1995:6.108

Overheated chimney ignites bird's nest in attic, 2004:1.14

Sprinkler protection for sloped spaces, 2005:5.34

AUSTIN, STEPHEN P.

Profile of, 1996:5.38

City contracts with volunteer fire departments, 1991:2.104

Fire and life safety inspection effectiveness evaluated by Austin, Texas, fire department, 2002:6.66

Fire service uses media attention to increase fire safety, 1997:2.33

Recruiting and retaining fire protection engineers, Austin Fire Department survey, 1993:1.58

Fenny Creek/Dandenongs wildfire, 1996, firefighter's account, 1997:2.49

Longford Esso refinery fire and explosion, Sept. 25, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:2.64

Safety and security for 2000 Sydney Summer Olympics, 2002:1.48

AUTOMOBILE FIRES. See also TRUCK FIRES; VEHICLE FIRES

Arizona, 2004, 2005:2.28

California, 1990, 1991:2.32

Alabama, Dec., 2001, 2002:5.82

Arizona, Nov., 2000, 2001:5.79

California, Jan. 23, 1990, 1991:4.70

California, Oct. 2, 1990, 1991:4.72

California, July 22, 1991, 1991:4.67

California, Nov. 29, 1991, 1992:4.73

California, March 3, 1994, 1995:5.68

California, June 18, 1995, 1996:5.97

California, Sept. 10, 1995, 1996:5.100

California, Dec. 28, 1996, 1997:5.55

California, Jan., 2007, 2008:5.62

California, Aug., 2009, 2010:5.68

Florida, March 17, 1993, 1994:5.106

Florida, Nov. 9, 1996, 1997:5.55

Florida, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.80

Florida, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.73

Georgia, Apr. 3, 1996, 1997:5.54

Idaho, July 4, 1997, 1998:5.55

Idaho, June, 2007, 2008:5.63

Illinois, Feb., 2004, 2005:5.60

Illinois, Aug., 2004, 2005:5.61

Iowa, Nov. 23, 1994, 1995:5.68

Kentucky, Aug. 6, 1996, 1997:5.54

Kentucky, Sept. 27, 1996, 1997:5.55

Michigan, July 12, 1998, 1999:5.56

Minnesota, Oct., 2000, 2001:5.79

Missouri, Feb. 4, 1990, 1991:4.70

Nevada, June 27, 1999, 2000:5.61

New Jersey, Feb. 17, 1997, 1998:5.55

New Jersey, April, 2009, 2010:5.68

New York, Mar. 11, 1998, 1999:5.56

New York, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Pennsylvania, Nov. 8, 1992, 1993:5.68

Tennessee, Dec. 11, 1990, 1991:4.70

Tennessee, Nov. 11, 1994, 1995:5.68

Texas, July 12, 1993, 1994:5.108

Texas, Jan. 18, 1994, 1995:5.68

Utah, , Aug. 2007, 2008:5.63

Virginia, Aug. 1, 1994, 1995:5.68

Virginia, July, 2001, 2002:5.82

Washington, July, 2004, 2005:5.60

West Virginia, July 26, 1990, 1991:4.69

Wisconsin, April, 2001, 2002:5.82

Fire statistics and fire safety information, 1998:2.88

Firefighter injuries related to, 2010:6.74

Illinois, 1993, 1994:1.32

Iowa, 2000, 2001:6.22

Kansas, 1994, 1995:2.31

Massachusetts, 1998, 1999:6.20

Massachusetts, 2001, 2002:5.20

Oregon, July, 1992, 1993:6.84

Texas, 1991, 1992:2.28

AUTOMOBILE REPAIR SHOP FIRES

Arizona, 1990, 1991:4.30

California, 1990, 1991:2.30

Catastrophic, Florida, Aug. 18, 1998, 1999:5.56

Catastrophic, New York, March, 2000, 2001:5.78

Catastrophic, Ohio, Nov. 11, 1991, 1992:4.70

Colorado, 1996, 1997:1.26

Georgia, Jan., 1994, 1995:6.100

Illinois, Sept., 1998, 1999:6.94

Iowa, 2000, 2001:6.22

Massachusetts, 1990, 1991:2.31

Massachusetts, 1996, 1997:2.23

Michigan, 1990, 1991:2.30

Michigan, 1995, 1996:3.40

New Mexico, May, 1995, 1996:6.70

Ontario, Canada, 1989, 1991:1.89

South Carolina, 1996, 1997:5.23

Texas, 1990, 1991:2.31

Washington, 1995, 1996:6.21

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2006:4.61

Firefighter injuries related to, 1997:6.75

Model of incident, apartment building fire, N. Y., N. Y., March 28, 1994, 1995:6.85

Profile of, 1992:1.16

Apartment building fire started on, 1991:5.26, 1996:2.23, 1998:6.22, 2001:2.22, 2003:2.24, 2004:6.56, 2007:3.28, 6.80, 2010:3.38

Condominium fire started on, 2005:4.18

Fire spread to, 1997:5.52

BALTIMORE, MARYLAND

Convention center expansion integrates new and existing life safety systems, 1999:3.138

Illinois, July 3, 1997, 1998:5.55

Louisiana, Oct. 30, 1990, 1991:4.70

Louisiana, Oct., 2006, 2007:5.62

Florida, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.98

Massachusetts, 1997, 1998:4.22

Illinois, 1990, 1991:2.32

Massachusetts, 1995, 1996:2.25

Massachusetts, 2004, 2005:1.20

Washington, May 11, 1990, 1991:6.77

BATHURST, DONALD G.

Profile of, 1993:6.20

BEDDING. See also MATTRESSES

Alcohol, ignited by, 1999:6.18

Candle, ignited by, 1995:5.53, 1999:2.24, 2000:5.22, 2006:5.60, 2007:3.26, 2010:2.24

Catastrophic fire involving, 1991:4.65, 1991:4.69, 2008:5.58

Cigar, ignited by, 1998:5.15, 2009:3.42

Cigarette, ignited by, 1994:2.30, 1995:2.30, 1998:6.23, 1999:6.18, 2001:3.30, 2003:6.12, 2005:5.24, 2007:1.20, 2007:6.19, 2008:4.23, 5.27, 28, 2009:5.25, 26, 6.22, 2010:6.20, 21

Cigarette lighter, ignited by, 1995:2.31, 5.54, 2004:5.70

Cigarette lighter, ignited by child playing with, 1993:6.28, 1994:5.97, 1995:4.37, 2001:1.21, 5.78, 2002:3.32, 2003:3.14, 2009:3.39

Cigarette lighter, ignited by juvenile playing with, 1991:5.26, 2007:5.26

Detention center inmate, ignited by, 1997:1.27

Electric baseboard heating unit, ignited by, 2009:1.17

Electric heater, ignited by, 1991:1.30, 1994:5.98, 2003:2.23, 6.14, 2005:1.16, 2009:6.24, 2010:1.21

Electrical cord, failed, ignited by, 2005:6.18

Electrical cord, pinched, ignites bedding, 2006:2.26, 28

Electrical cord arc, ignited by, 2006:4.26

Electrical receptacle arc in catastrophic fire, ignited by, 1997:5.52

Fireworks, ignited by, 1992:4.26

Gasoline in fatal fire, ignited by, 1992:2.28

Heater, ignited by, 2008:5.58

Incense, ignited by, 1998:4.19

Kerosene heater in fatal fire, ignited by, 1995:1.34

Lamp plug, ignited by, 1991:3.25

Light fixture arc, ignited by, 2006:4.28

Marijuana cigarette, ignited by, 1997:5.22

Match, ignited by, 1994:5.97, 2005:4.16, 2009:6.20

Medical equipment fire, ignited by, 1994:5.104

Open flame, ignited by, 2008:3.26

Open flame device, ignited by, 1996:5.92, 1999:5.54, 2007:3.32

Smoking materials, ignited by, 1996:5.92, 2000:3.34, 2003:5.20, 2008:6.21, 2010:3.37

Smoking materials in catastrophic fires, ignited by, 1995:5.64, 2004:5.68

Smoking of illegal drugs, ignited by, 2002:6.21

Space heater, ignited by, 1995:5.53, 1999:1.19

Sparkler, ignited by, 1997:2.21

Unknown heat source, ignited by, 2010:1.21

Profile of, 1995:5.26

BENARICK, GLENN P.

Profile of, 1994:1.22

Profile of, 1999:3.68

BERND, ROBERT E.

Profile of, 1998:1.36

BEVERLY HILLS SUPPER CLUB FIRE

Overview of fire, 1996:2.64

BEYREIS, JAMES R.

Profile of, 1994:5.20

Profile of, 1999:6.36

Profile of, 1991:6.18

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1994:4.60, 1999:4.57

Forklift gas cylinder BLEVEs, 1996:6.63

LP-Gas tank, Iowa, April 9, 1998, fire investigation report, 1998:6.42

Propane cylinders, 1991:6.23, 1997:3.33

Propane tank hit by truck, 2002:1.18

BLISS, DONALD P.

Profile of, 1998:4.36

BLOOMINGTON, MINNESOTA

Mall of America, fire protection and life safety systems, 1999:6.66

BOARD AND CARE FACILITIES

2000-2004 statistics on U.S. fires, 2007:1.13

2003-2007 fires, report overview, 2010:3.110

Homeless Veterans Assistance Act requires that veterans' housing comply with NFPA 101®, provides grants, 2004:1.28

Occupancy classification differentiated from health care facilities, 1999:4.32

BOARD AND CARE FACILITY FIRES. See also ADULT CONGREGATE LIVING FACILITY FIRES; GROUP HOME FIRES

California, 1993, 1994:2.30

California, 1996, 1997:1.27

Alabama, Jan. 7, 1990, 1991:4.67

Alabama, Sept. 19, 1990, 1991:4.68

Alabama, Oct. 9, 1994, 1995:5.62

California, Oct. 3, 1995, 1996:5.97

California, Oct., 2003, 2004:5.71

Colorado, March 4, 1991, 1992:4.70

Connecticut, Feb. 10, 1996, 1997:5.53

Florida, Dec. 1, 1994, 1995:5.64

Georgia, March 11, 1991, 1991:4.67

Michigan, June 2, 1992, 1993:5.66

Michigan, Nov. 11, 1995, 1996:5.97

Missouri, Nov., 2006, 2007:5.60

New York, Oct. 17, 1990, 1991:4.68

New York, March, 2009, 2010:5.66

Oregon, Jan. 12, 1995, 1996:5.96

Pennsylvania, Aug. 20, 1996, 1997:5.52

Pennsylvania, May 14, 1997, 1998:5.53

Pennsylvania, Aug., 2004, 2005:5.59

South Carolina, Nov. 22, 1990, 1991:4.69

Tennessee, Feb. 8, 1996, 1997:5.52

Tennessee, Sept., 2000, 2001:5.78

Texas, Aug. 13, 1990, 1991:4.68

Texas, April 11, 1993, 1994:5.105

Washington, April 27, 1998, 1999:5.54

Wisconsin, Dec. 31, 1990, 1991:4.69

Detroit, Michigan, June 2, 1992, 1993:1.29

Fatal fires, 1994-1998, investigation report, statistics on contributing factors, and protection, 1998:5.34

Georgia, 2009, 2010:5.31

Life Safety Code protection requirements questioned, 1997:5.68

Massachusetts, 1995, 1996:2.24

Minnesota, 2000, 2001:5.24

Missouri, 2002, 2003:4.17

Missouri, 2009, 2010:6.25

North Carolina, March 17, 1996, 1997:5.52

North Carolina, 2007, 2008:3.32

Pennsylvania, 1993, 1994:6.33

Pennsylvania, 2008, 2009:5.25

Pennsylvania, May 4, 1997, analysis, 1997:5.68

Quebec, Canada, Aug. 31, 1996, analysis, 1997:1.44

South Carolina, 2004:1.16

Vermont, 1995, 1996:3.36

BOARDING HOUSE FIRES. See ROOMING HOUSE FIRES

BOARDWALKS. See PIERS AND WHARVES FIRES

Electrical safety requirements for repair equipment, wiring, 1995:5.40

Fireboats and tugboats respond to docking facility fire, 2007:4.21

Fireboats and tugboats respond to pier fire, 2007:6.78

NFPA 302, Fire Protection for Pleasure and Commercial Motor Craft, 2004 edition, requires smoke detectors on boats, 2004:4.36

Yacht manufacturing plant fire, Florida, 1996, 1997:1.28, 6.50

BOAT FIRES. See also SHIP FIRES

Arkansas, 2008, 2009:4.21

Cabin cruiser, Ohio, May 9, 1993, 1994:5.106

Louisiana, Oct., 2006, 2007:5.62

Sailboat, California, Nov. 16, 1991, 1992:4.73

Fishing boat, Washington, 1999, 2000:1.21

Garaged boat, Florida, 2009, 2010:6.20

Kentucky, 1997, 1998:3.42

Marina, Connecticut, 1990, 1991:6.26

Massachusetts, 1994, 1995:4.39

Ohio, March, 1992, 1993:6.81

Paddle boat in drydock, Minnesota, 2000, 2001:1.23

Power boat, Nebraska, 1990, 1991:4.31

Washington, 2001, 2002:3.34

Washington, 2002, 2003:3.20

Yacht, Florida, April 19, 1996, 1997:6.60

Yacht, Florida, May, 2002, 2003:6.81

Yacht, Florida, April, 2004, 2005:6.48

BOATYARDS. See also MARINA FIRES

Boat storage building fire, Illinois, Feb., 2008, 2009:6.80

Electrical safety requirements, 1995:5.40

Fire, Maine, 2001, 2002:6.75

Repair shop fire, Maine, Feb. 1, 1999, 2000:6.86

BOEHLERT, SHERWOOD

Profile of, 1996:1.36

BOLLON, VINCENT

NFPA board member's volunteer service honored, 2010:5.6

Profile of, 1999:2.42

BOSTON, MASS. See also COCOANUT GROVE FIRE

"Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project fire safety guided by NFPA 502, Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways, 2003:3.42

Fire department overview, 1996:3.110

Fire department profile, 1991:2.93

Fire landmarks in city, 1996:3.104

Fire service begins firefighter health initiative, 2008:6.13

Fourth of July city fireworks display emphasizes safety, 2000:3.98

Logan International Airport, emergency response drill, 1991:2.54

Logan International Airport, United Airlines constructs new membrane hangar, 2008:4.54

New Boston Convention and Exhibition Center presented fire and life safety challenges, 2004:3.62

Simulated plane crash into Hancock Tower tests emergency preparedness, 1993:6.35

Terrorist response training funded by Domestic Preparedness Act, 1998:1.38

Fire inspection requirements determined by life safety evaluation, 1995:1.57

BOYD, HOWARD F.

Profile of, 1993:4.18

Profile of, 1998:4.39

Profile of, 1996:4.37

BRANCH DAVIDIAN COMPLEX FIRE

Fire investigation, Congressional testimony, 1995:6.91

BRANNIGAN, FRANK

Profile of, 1995:1.23

TAM aircraft crash and fire, July 17, 2007, fire investigation report, 2008:1.36

BREEDLOVE, DIANE

Profile of, 1994:2.22

BRICE, HERMAN W.

Profile of, 1994:3.21

Connecticut, 1996, 1997:3.34

Fall from, firefighter fatality related to, 2008:4.88

NFPA 502, Road Tunnels, Bridges, and Other Limited Access Highways, guides Boston's "Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project fire safety, 2003:3.42

NFPA standards for bridges and tunnels provide fire protection guidance, 2003:3.56

BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

Manufacturing complex fire, 1991, 1992:2.26

BRODERICK, CORINNE

Profile of, 1999:3.67

Profile of, 1996:2.38

Catastrophic crop fire, Texas, March, 2003, 2004:5.72

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2006:4.63

Firefighter injuries related to, 1994:6.64, 66

Highway fire ignited by, 2006:6.69

Wildland fire ignited by, 1994:6.99, 2007:6.80

Past NFPA general manager, 1995:6.77

Remembering NFPA fire prevention leader, 2008:6.88

BUILDING CODES. See BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY CODE® (NFPA 5000®); NFPA CODES AND STANDARDS

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY CODE® (NFPA 5000®)

2006 edition, proposed changes, 2005:2.60

2006 edition requires residential sprinklers, 2005:4.10

2009 edition, changes proposed to improve occupant and responder safety in high-rise buildings, 2007:2.36

After earthquake, NFPA joins Haiti Toolkit effort to include safety standards in rebuilding effort, 2010:2.17

Aircraft hangar structural safety and economics, balancing, 2002:5.24

Assembly occupancy requirements, 2003:3.24

Assisted living facilities, requirements for, 2002:4.38

California adopts NFPA 5000™ as building code, 2003:5.24, 2003:6.38

California reverses decision to adopt NFPA 5000™, 2005:3.18

Code certification test for building inspectors/plans examiners developed by NFPA, 2002:6.62

Code changes proposed in response to Warwick, RI, The Station nightclub fire, 2005:3.44

Code will be included in federal code set, 2001:4.34

Disney World Animal Kingdom Lodge design used equivalency provisions in NFPA 5000™, 2003:5.38

Examining philosophy of four goals of NFPA 5000, 2004:1.30

Fire compartments and building height, new approach to, 2001:3.46

Fire-resistance-rated construction provisions within code, 2003:2.28

Full-service support to train, certify and help users of code, 2002:2.56

Hazardous materials levels identified, safety requirements offered, 2002:6.23

Historic renovations covered in Chapter 15, 2003:1.19

Integrating fire alarm and fire protection systems, 2004:2.32

Mixed use and multiple use building needs, coverage of, 2002:3.38

Natural disasters, code references best guidelines for, 2001:4.42

New York City urged to adopt code by fire service, tenants, healthcare facilities, others, 2005:1.10

Occupancy classification determination critical to application of code requirements, 2006:5.40

Orlando International Airport's new air traffic control tower goes beyond Building Code, 2003:3.68

Performance-based design guided by Chapter 5, 2003:6.32

Performance-based design option included in code, 2002:2.28

Residential fire protection requirements included to promote home safety, 2003:4.22

Residential sprinkler protection requirements, 2006 edition, 2005:4.10

Revision cycle for code changed, 2003:4.36

Roundtable discussion of code, 2001:2.42

Sports venues, fire alarm challenges of, 2004:3.38

Sprinkler requirements for nursing homes, dwellings, nightclubs, 2005:5.14

Sprinkler requirements for renovated healthcare facilities, 2002:4.22

BUILDING MATERIALS. See also INTERIOR FINISHES

European Community product testing standards will affect U. S. products, 1992:5.45

Glazing developments offer alternatives to wired glass, also raises code questions, 1998:6.76

Post-impact collapse, World Trade Center, brings focus on fire-resistive materials' durability, 2005:5.80

Through-penetration protection systems, 1994:1.54

BUILDING SCENE COLUMNS

Adequacy and validity of existing fire tests, 1994:2.14

Alarm system design, 1992:4.12

Americans With Disabilities Act affects builders, owners, 1992:2.14

Americans with Disabilities Act spurs changes to Life Safety Code, 1993:3.18

Basis-for-design reports help authority having jurisdiction and building owner, 1995:4.24

Cooperation needed to meet fire safety goals, 1996:3.46

Design-related sprinkler system problems, 1993:6.12

Doors, windows, walls, classification of assemblies as, 1991:2.26

Elevators as means of egress, 1996:1.30

Engineering life safety in high-rise buildings, 1992:1.12

Establishing industrial fire safety programs, 1993:2.12

Evaluating equivalencies and exceptions to fire code standards, 1995:1.16

Evaluating occupant load for egress, 1994:1.14

Field modifications to fire doors, 1992:6.12

Fire-retardant wood shakes/shingles, 1991:1.24

Glazing materials labeling controversy, 1991:6.12

Life Safety Code, 1991, changes in, 1991:3.33

Life Safety Code, 1991, contents and furnishing regulations, 1991:4.20

Life Safety Code, building security provisions, 1992:5.22

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1991 edit., 1991:5.12

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 1994, changes in, 1994:3.14

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, applied to industrial occupancies, 1994:4.16

Occupant load calculation myths, 1996:6.30

Out-of-service fire protection systems, procedures for, 1996:4.30

Partnership of owners, designers, and public officials a must in fire protection, 1993:1.12

Performance-based code development, 1994:6.16, 1995:2.16

Performance-based codes, 1992:3.20

Performance-based codes, designing buildings for, 1995:5.20

Performance-based codes based on existing codes, 1995:3.24

Performance objectives for existing buildings, 1995:6.22

Preventing detector nuisance alarms, 1993:5.16

Regulations' effect on innovative construction methods, 1996:2.32

Top five excuses for ignoring fire protection requirements, 1996:5.32

Warehouse sprinkler system design, 1993:4.16

BUILDING SYSTEMS. See also specific systems

Integrated building system design, requirements, and goals, 2008:6.62

BUILDING TO CODE COLUMNS

Assembly occupancies and NFPA 5000™, 2003:3.24

Disney World Animal Kingdom Lodge design used equivalency provisions in NFPA 101® and NFPA 5000™, 2003:5.38

Examining philosophy of building codes, 2004:1.30

Fire-resistance-rated construction provisions within NFPA 5000™, 2003:2.28

NFPA 5000™ and historic renovations, 2003:1.19

Performance-based design guided by NFPA 5000™, 2003:6.32

To promote home safety, NFPA 5000™ includes residential fire protection requirements, 2003:4.22

BUILDING-UNDER-CONSTRUCTION FIRES. See also DWELLING-UNDER-CONSTRUCTION FIRES

Animal shelter, California, 2001, 2002:3.36

Apartment building, California, 1997, 1998:2.18

Apartment building, California, June, 1998, 1999:6.96

Apartment building, California, 2002, 2003:5.16

Apartment building, Florida, May, 2000, 2001:6.63

Apartment building, Indiana, March, 2009, 2010:6.63

Apartment building, Maryland, 2001, 2002:5.18

Apartment building, Minnesota, June, 2003, 2004:6.54

Apartment building, Minnesota, April, 2008, 2009:6.82

Apartment building, Nebraska, Jan., 2004, 2005:6.44

Apartment building, Oklahoma, June, 1998, 1999:6.97

Apartment building, Oklahoma, Oct., 2009, 2010:6.65

Apartment building, Oregon, Aug. 19, 1999, 2000:6.95

Apartment building, Oregon, March, 2003, 2004:6.54

Apartment building, Oregon, 2004, 2005:4.19

Apartment building, Pennsylvania,Aug., 2008, 2009:6.82

Apartment building, Texas, Aug., 2004, 2005:6.44

Apartment building, Washington, June, 2009, 2010:6.64

Apartment complex, California, May, 2003, 2004:6.54

Apartment complex, California, Nov. 10, 1990, 1991:6.73

Apartment complex, Iowa, April, 2003, 2004:6.53

Apartment complex, Kentucky, 2000, 2001:3.36

Apartment complex, Nevada, Jan., 2003, 2004:6.55

Apartment complex, Nevada, Sept., 2003, 2004:6.54

Apartment complex, New Jersey, Aug., 2000, 2001:6.63

Assisted living facility, Montana, March, 2005, 2006:6.69

California, 2001, 2002:6.75

California, Jan., 2004, 2005:6.44

Catastrophic, observatory, Hawaii, Jan. 16, 1996, 1997:5.52, 6.59

Condominium, Wisconsin, Feb., 2005, 2006:6.68

Condominium complex, Florida, 1998, 1999:4.21

Courthouse, New Hampshire, 2002, 2003:1.14

Dormitory, Washington, March, 2006, 2007:6.81

Hotel, Connecticut, Aug., 2005, 2006:6.69

Hotel, Virginia, Sept., 2008, 2009:6.82

Laboratory, Massachusetts, Feb., 2005, 2006:6.68

Missouri, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.69

Mixed-use, Colorado, Jan., 2006, 2007:6.81

Mixed-use, Washington, 2005, 2006:6.24

Museum, Oregon, 1994, 1995:6.35

Office building, New York, April, 2003, 2004:6.53

Ohio, March, 1994, 1995:6.110

Postal facility, Massachusetts, 1990, 1991:3.27

Senior center, Kansas, March, 2004, 2005:6.44

BUILDING-UNDER-RENOVATION FIRES. See also DWELLING-UNDER-RENOVATION FIRES

California, 1991, 1992:5.26

California, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.68

Alabama, Jan. 22, 1999, 2000:5.61

Dwelling, Arkansas, June 18, 1993, 1994:5.104

Grain elevator, Indiana, Oct. 1, 1996, 1997:5.52

Restaurant/apartment building, Minnesota, Dec. 11, 1998, 1999:5.55

Church, Kansas, 1998, 1999:6.17

City hall rotunda, California, Feb., 1998, 1999:6.96

Courthouse, Maryland, Nov., 2004, 2005:6.45

Dwelling, California, 1999, 2000:3.36

Dwelling, New York, Dec. 18, 1999, 2000:6.93

Dwelling, Tennessee, 2008, 2008:3.21

Dwelling, Texas, 2003, 2004:4.16

Dwelling, Washington, 2000, 2001:1.20

Group home, Rhode Island, 2003, 2004:3.24

Historic building, West Virginia, 1996, 1997:6.22

Manufacturing plant, Florida, May, 1998, 1999:6.90

Manufacturing plant, South Dakota, Dec. 15, 1990, 1991:6.75

Massachusetts, 1997, 1998:3.42

Mill, North Carolina, Aug., 1998, 1999:6.97

New York, 2003, 2004:2.19

Pennsylvania, 1997, 1998:6.24

Recreational facility, Illinois, March, 1992, 1993:6.88

School, Washington, 2001, 2002:6.75

School, Washington, Nov., 2009, 2010:6.63

Stores, Montana, March, 2009, 2010:6.64

Warehouse/homeless shelter, Washington, 1991:4.31

BUKOWSKI, RICHARD W.

Profile of, 1994:1.23

BUNCEFIELD OIL DEPOT FIRE

Hertfordshire, England, Dec. 11, 2005, 2006:3.86

BURNING ISSUES COLUMNS

Candle fire statistics and fire safety information, 1998:3.160

Carbon monoxide poisoning, causes, symptoms, prevention, 1997:6.120

Children and fires, statistics, 1995:5.144

Cigarette smoking statistics, 1995:3.160

Disabled persons, fire safety for, 1996:4.112

Dormitory fire statistics, 1997:3.152

Elderly and fires, statistics, 1996:2.104

Elderly fire fatalities, statistics and education program, 1999:4.112

Federal fire safe hotel/motel list available to public; hotel fire statistics, 1999:5.112

Fire safety checklist, 1997:1.104

Fire safety for preschoolers, 1997:2.112

Fireworks incident statistics and safety, 1998:4.96

"Great Escape" has made progress, but home fire safety misconceptions persist, 2000:5.112

Holiday and heating season fire safety, 1998:6.120

Home heating equipment, risks of, 1996:6.128

Kitchen fire statistics, fire safety information, 1998:1.88

Motor vehicle and aircraft fire statistics compared, 1995:4.120

Motor vehicle fire statistics and fire safety information, 1998:2.88

Multiple fatality fires at fraternity houses, 2000:3.176

NFPA 414, Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting Vehicles, addresses changes in fire fighting and agent vehicles, 2000:1.96

NFPA codes and standards being updated, 1996:5.120

100s in NFPA history, 1996:3.160

Poverty's effect on fire risk, 1996:1.104

Residential candles fires increasing in number, 2000:6.112

Residential fire statistics and safety information, 1998:5.112

Roof fire safety statistics and construction/repair recommendations, 1999:2.96

School fire drills needed to keep schools fire safe, 1999:1.80

School fire safety holds lessons for other occupancies, 1997:5.104

Security devices increase risk of fire injury, 1999:3.176

Storm-caused power outages, safety during, 2000:2.96

Summer fire hazards, 1997:4.96

Trans-Alaska pipeline officials face fire protection challenges, 2000:4.96

Underwriters Laboratories report compares National Electrical Code and IEC 60364, 1999:6.112

Burns and smoke compared as fire death causes, 1995:1.38

Common products that cause severe burns, 1996:1.79

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2000:4.56, 57, 58, 59, 2001:4.79, 2003:4.62

Firefighter injuries, 1997:6.74, 75, 76, 2001:6.53, 2003:6.70, 71

Preventing scald injuries, 2005:2.38

Illinois, 1991, 1992:4.26

Storage facility, New Mexico, 1999, 2000:6.14

Texas, Sept., 2005, 2006:5.63

Vehicle fires involving buses, special report, 2006:5.64

West Virginia, 2003, 2004:4.16

BUSINESS CONTINUITY

Business continuity planning protects against service interruptions, 2000:1.54

Implementing NFPA 1600, National Preparedness Standard, explains development of compliant programs, 2008:1.16

National Electrical Code® article references NFPA 1600 requirements, 2008:1.49

NFPA 75, Protection of Information Technology Equipment, provides guide to achieve continuity, 2006:4.64

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Program, available as iPhone app, 2009:5.21

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, adopted by Canadian Standards Association adopts as basis for its standard, 2008:6.13

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, 2007 edition, available at no cost, 2007:3.20

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, as national preparedness standard, 2005:1.44

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, fall meeting review, 1999:5.97

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, implementation case study: Goodyear Global Business Continuity Program, 2008:1.44

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, is important tool for response and recovery, 2002:4.88

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, proposed as National Preparedness Standard basis by 9/11 Commission, 2004:5.58

BUTTERWORTH, LYDIA

Profile of, 1999:5.39

BUZZ WORDS COLUMNS

AHJ should verify alarm installer qualifications, 2006:2:38

Airport detection and notification challenges, 2004:5.32

Airport fire alarm and voice systems require thorough testing, 2002:5.36

Alarm industry buzz words emphasize commitment to ethical performance, 1999:3.61

Alarm systems installed poorly, too early, cause nuisance alarms, 1999:1.29

Annex information in National Fire Alarm Code® provides explanatory material, 2008:1.30

Assessing fire alarm installations for workmanlike quality, 1999:2.37

Audibility, intelligibility, and mass notification systems' importance in emergency notification, 2008:2.40

Authorities having jurisdiction not adequately enforcing the National Fire Alarm Code, 2007:3.46

Campus fire safety increased by increasing smoke detector reliability, 2006:5.42

Comprehensive acceptance testing of alarm system is critical, 2000:3.55

Contractor's role in complying with intelligibility and audibility requirements, 2010:4.42

Coordinating homeland security and NFPA 72® requirements for mass notification, 2004:1.29

Designers, installers, AHJs should help building owners to comply with National Fire Alarm Code, 2001:2.36

Dormitory fire safety, 2000:5.38

Educational occupancies protected by properly designed, installed, and maintained alarm systems, 2003:5.36

False alarms can be prevented by using NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, 2002:1.34

Fire alarm system needs to meet survivability and reliability requirements, 2010:3.54

Fire alarm system requirements for healthcare occupancies, 2000:2.35

Fire alarm technician training key to improving alarm system reliability, 2009:6.34

Fire protection professionals' duty to cooperate to provide life safety, property protection, 1999:5.32

Fire service, manufacturers, dealers, and installers should work together to improve alarm system installations, 2007:6.32

Health care occupancies require smoke door release methods, 2005:6.30

High-rise building emergency communication requirements addressed by NFPA 72, 2001:3.50

For historic buildings, retrofitting fire alarm systems is keen challenge, 2003:1.30

How to meet code when installing alarm systems, 1999:4.36

Industrial and storage occupancies present fire alarm system design and installation challenges, 2009:2.36

Industrial facilities present unique challenges for fire alarm system installation, 2001:5.40

Installer competency important to AHJ and owner, 2006:1.30

Integrating alarm systems with other building systems, 2000:1.30

Integrating fire alarm and fire protection systems, 2004:2.32

Integrating fire pumps and fire alarm systems, 2005:5.38

Interpreting "intent of the code," roles of designer and AHJ in, 2009:1.31

Maintenance and testing of alarm systems important to operational reliability, 2007:1.30

Mass notification system requirements proposed for NFPA 72®, to aid homeland security, 2004:6.30

New alarm technology requires more training, 2005:3.40

NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code®, National Electrical Code®, and NFPA 72®, contain requirements for replacing and abandoned fire alarm systems, 2008:4.34

NFPA 72®, 2007, changes influenced significantly by research, 2007:5.42

NFPA 72®, 2007, new requirements, 2006:6.34

NFPA 72^®, 2010, emergency communications systems requirements need well-versed installers, designers, and AHJs, 2009:4.32

NFPA 72®, 2010 edition, requirements for alarms audible by hearing impaired, 2010:1.36

In NFPA 72®, 2010, combined voice/alarm and other communication systems, mean new challenges for inspectors, 2009:3.54

NFPA 72^® changes driven by technology, 2007:4.38

NFPA 72® committee considers code changes, 2001:4.36

NFPA 72® defines how to install alarm system, while other codes define when system is required, 2008:6.32

NFPA 72® does not add or delete requirements from building codes, 2003:2.40

NFPA 72® enforcement requires education of authority have jurisdiction (AHJ), 1999:6.30

NFPA 72® includes maintenance and testing requirements, 2005:4.32

NFPA 72® requires good record-keeping, 2002:2.40

NFPA 72® should require third-party commissioning agent for proper alarm system commissioning, 2008:3.42

NFPA 72® updated for residential fire alarm systems, 2003:4.34

NFPA 909, Protection of Cultural Resources Including Museums, Libraries, Places of Worship, and Historic Properties, provides fire protection guidance for historical, cultural properties, 2000:6.28

NFPA and local building codes help define 'best' alarm system for application, 2001:6.31

NFPA technical interpretations of National Fire Alarm Code® available to members, 2001:1.34

Nightclub fire alarm systems present challenges, 2003:6.30

Other codes and their interaction with NFPA 72 for alarm installation, 2010:2.38

Owner, designer, and installer responsibilities for alarm system installation, 2002:6.32

Periodic testing increases reliability of alarm system, 2000:4.34

Qualified, well-trained service personnel vital to alarm system operational reliability, 2008:5.40

Qualified installers, familiar with NFPA 72, should install all alarm systems, 2005:2.36

Quality and reliability of alarm system installations, 2005:1.28

Quality vs. cost struggle in applying NFPA codes and standards, 2002:4.34

Seaports, designing fire detection and notification for, 2004:4.30

Smoke detector spacing guidelines, 2006:4.36

Sports venues and the fire alarm systems challenge, 2004:3.38

Sprinkler system and fire alarm system interconnections, 2010:6.35

Staying qualified as an alarm professional, 2002:3.50

Technical Committees work to improve NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, 2006:3.46

Testing and maintenance of fire alarms important even when cost-cutting, 2009:5.38

Testing requirements for new fire alarm systems covered in NFPA 72®, Chapter 14, 2010:5.44

Understanding limitations of a fire alarm system, 2003:3.36

Wiring insulation requirements for fire alarm systems, myths, realities, and requirements, 2007:2.32

Named new NFPA Government Affairs director, 2010:6.17

Aircraft fire, Nov. 7, 1990, 1991:6.74

Aircraft fire, Feb., 1991, 1992:6.76

Aircraft fire, July, 1994, 1995:6.110

Aircraft hangar fire, 1994, 1995:5.36

Aircraft hangar fire, 1998, 1999:2.25

Aircraft hangar fire, 2001, 2002:3.34

Aircraft hangar fire, 2003, 2004:1.17

Amusement park fire, 1993, 1994:3.28

Apartment building fire, 1990, 1991:5.26

Apartment building fire, 1996, 1997:3.30

Apartment building fire, 1997, 1998:5.15

Apartment building fire, July, 2005, 2006:6.71

Apartment building fire, 2009, 2010:4.25, 27

Apartment complex fire, Nov. 10, 1990, 1991:6.73

Apartment complex fire, 1992, 1993:5.35

Apartment complex fire, 1993, 1994:2.28

Board and care facility fire, 1993, 1994:2.30

Building-under-construction fire, 1993, 1994:3.27

Building-under-construction fire, 1997, 1998:2.18

Building-under-construction fire, 2001, 2002:3.36, 2002:6.75

Building-under-construction fire, 2002, 2003:5.16

Building-under-construction fire, May, 2003, 2004:6.54

Building-under-construction fire, Jan., 2004, 2005:6.44

Building-under-construction fire, 2007, 2008:5.26

Building-under-renovation fire, 1991, 1992:5.26

Building-under-renovation fire, Feb., 1998, 1999:6.96

Building-under-renovation fire, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.68

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, Nov. 26, 1993, 1994:5.108

Aircraft, Dec. 15, 1993, 1994:5.106

Aircraft, June, 2002, 2003:5.75

Apartment building, Sept. 7, 1991, 1992:4.69

Apartment building, Apr. 26, 1993, 1994:5.96

Apartment building, May 3, 1993, 1994:5.95

Apartment building, June 6, 1994, 1995:5.59

Apartment building, Oct. 14, 1995, 1996:5.93

Apartment building, Feb. 6, 1996, 1997:5.49

Apartment building, Dec. 13, 1997, 1998:5.46

Apartment building, Sept., 2005, 2006:5.62

Apartment building, July, 2007, 2008:5.59

Board and care facility, Oct. 3, 1995, 1996:5.97

Board and care facility, Oct., 2003, 2004:5.71

Boat, Nov. 16, 1991, 1992:4.73

Dwelling, Aug. 3, 1992, 1993:5.64

Dwelling, Nov. 29, 1994, 1995:5.62

Dwelling, May 29, 1995, 1996:5.91

Dwelling, Dec. 14, 1995, 1996:5.92

Dwelling, Dec. 19, 1996, 1997:5.51

Dwelling, April 26, 1997, 1998:5.45

Dwelling, June 1, 1997, 1998:5.49

Dwelling, July, 2003, 2004:5.68

Fire apparatus, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

Manufactured home, Dec. 30, 1997, 1998:5.50

Manufacturing plant, Nov. 15, 1997, 1998:5.53

Motor home, July 30, 1990, 1991:4.72

Motor vehicle, Jan. 23, 1990, 1991:4.70

Motor vehicle, Oct. 2, 1990, 1991:4.72

Motor vehicle, Nov. 29, 1991, 1992:4.73

Motor vehicle, Dec. 25, 1991, 1992:4.73

Motor vehicle, March 3, 1994, 1995:5.68

Motor vehicle, June 18, 1995, 1996:5.97

Motor vehicle, June 23, 1995, 1996:5.100

Motor vehicle, June 27, 1995, 1996:5.100

Motor vehicle, Sept. 9, 1995, 1996:5.100

Motor vehicle, Sept. 10, 1995, 1996:5.100

Motor vehicle, Dec. 28, 1996, 1997:5.55

Motor vehicle, May 4, 1997, 1998:5.55

Motor vehicle, March, 2000, 2001:5.79

Motor vehicle, Nov., 2005, 2006:5.64

Motor vehicle, July, 2006, 2007:5.62

Motor vehicle, Jan., 2007, 2008:5.62

Motor vehicle, Dec., 2007, 2008:5.63

Motor vehicle, Aug., 2009, 2010:5.68

Oil refinery, Feb. 23, 1999, 2000:5.59

Outside, trench for pipeline, Nov., 2004, 2005:5.60

Runway aircraft collision, fire, Feb. 1, 1991, 1992:4.72

Structure fires due to civil disturbance, April 29-May 1, 1992, 1993:5.67

Test facility, July, 2007, 2008:5.61

Truck, July 29, 1998, 1999:5.56

Underground electrical vault, July 12, 1990, 1991:4.69

Vacant dwelling, July 22, 1990, 1991:4.67

Wildland, Oct. 20, 1991, 1992:4.72

Wildland, Oct., 2006, 2007:5.62

Wildland, Oct., 2007, 2008:5.62

Wildland, Aug., 2008, 2009:5.84

Wildland-urban interface, Nov. 2, 1993, 1994:5.108

Wildland-urban interface, Oct., 2003, 2004:5.72, 2004:5.73

Church fire, 2005, 2006:1.22

Cigarettes, fire-safe, legislation, 2005:6.10, 2007:1.12

Condominium complex fire, 1990, 1991:6.24

Detention facility fire, 1992, 1993:5.36

Dwelling fire, 1991, 1992:4.26, 1992:6.28

Dwelling fire, 1992, 1993:4.25

Dwelling fire, April, 1992, 1993:6.79

Dwelling fire, Sept., 1992, 1993:6.81

Dwelling fire, 1995, 1996:2.23, 1996:3.36

Dwelling fire, Jan., 1998, 1999:6.97

Dwelling fire, 1999, 2000:3.36, 2000:4.18

Dwelling fire, Aug., 2002, 2003:6.81

Dwelling fire, 2003, 2004:5.18

Dwelling fire, 2004, 2005:4.20

Dwelling fire, 2005, 2006:5.28, 34

Dwelling fire, Dec., 2006, 2007:6.80

Earthquake, Northridge, Jan. 17, 1994, 1995:3.52

Electric generating plant fire, Jan. 10, 1990, 1991:6.76

Electric generating plant fire, 1998, 1999:4.22

Electric power conversion facility fire, Oct., 1993, 1994:6.92

Electric substation fire, March, 2003, 2004:6.56

Agricultural building, 2009:4.22

Aircraft, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.110

Apartment building, 1990, 1991:4.26

Apartment building, Nov., 1993, 1994:6.89

Apartment building, 1997, 1998:4.19

Apartment building, 2000, 2001:1.21, 2001:3.32

Apartment building, 2007, 2008:2.26, 2008:3.28

Apartment building, 2008, 2009:6.24

Automobile, 1990, 1991:2.32

Board and care facility, 1996, 1997:1.27

Dwelling, 1994, 1995:2.30, 2005:2.22

Dwellings, 1995, 1996:1.23, 1996:6.22

Dwelling, 1997, 1998:5.16

Dwelling, 1998, 1999:6.19

Dwelling, 1999, 2000:1.20

Dwelling, 2000, 2001:6.20

Dwelling, 2001, 2002:4.19

Dwelling, 2002, 2003:5.14, 2003:6.14

Dwelling, 2004, 2005:3.24

Dwelling, 2005, 2006:5.32

Dwelling, 2006, 2007:4.25

Dwelling, 2008, 2009:3.38, 5.23

Dwelling, 2009, 2010:6.25

Garage, residential, 2008, 2009:1.18

High-rise office building, May 4, 1988, 1992:5.56

Hotel, 2004, 2005:6.21

Manufactured home, 1998, 1999:5.20, 1999:6.18

Manufacturing plant, 1997, 1998:6.22

Motor vehicle, 1995, 1996:1.21

Paint plant explosion, fire, 1991, 1992:4.28

Propane truck/clubhouse, 1997, 1998:2.19

Structure fires due to civil disturbances, April 29-May 1, 1992, 1993:6.81

Test facility, 1995:4.40

Travel trailer, 2007, 2008:5.30

Wildland, Aug., 1992, 1993:6.88

Wildland, Oct. 16, 1999, 2000:6.94

Wildland, Oct., 2003, 2004:6.55

Wildland/urban interface, Nov., 1993, 1994:6.99

Wildland/urban interface, Oct., 2003, 2004:6.55

Fire station fire, 1998, 1999:4.21

Garage, parking, fire, 2009, 2010:3.43

Garage, residential, fire, 1992, 1993:6.29

Garage, residential, fire, 2001, 2002:6.21

Health clinic fires, 1995, 1996:1.24

High-rise office building fire, Feb. 15, 1992, 1992:5.56

Highway fire, Nov., 2005, 2006:6.69

Hotel fire, 1990, 1991:6.24

Hotel fire, 1993, 1994:2.28

Hotel fire, 2003, 2004:3.18

Hotel fire, 2007, 2008:6.21

Housing for elderly fire, 1995, 1996:5.24

Laboratory fire, May, 2001, 2001:6.64

Laboratory fire, Jan., 2002, 2003:6.79

Library fire, Jan., 1992, 1993:6.79

Manufacturing plant fire, 1990, 1991:6.25

Manufacturing plant fire, Jan. 12, 1990, 1991:6.75

Manufacturing plant fire, 1992, 1993:4.27

Manufacturing plant fire, Jan., 1992, 1993:6.84

Manufacturing plant fire, 1993, 1994:4.31, 1994:6.36

Manufacturing plant fire, 1994, 1995:4.40

Manufacturing plant fire, April, 1994, 1995:6.107

Manufacturing plant fire, March, 1994, 1995:6.106

Manufacturing plant fire, 1995, 1996:6.23

Manufacturing plant fire, 1997, 1998:2.20, 3.41, 4.21, 6.21

Manufacturing plant fire, Aug. 26, 1997, 1998:6.84

Manufacturing plant fire, 1998, 1999:2.26

Manufacturing plant fire, Aug., 1998, 1999:6.91

Manufacturing plant fire, 1999, 2000:3.38

Manufacturing plant fire, March 31, 1999, 2000:6.86

Manufacturing plant fire, 2002, 2003:1.14, 2003:5.18

Manufacturing plant fire, 2003, 2004:2.16

Manufacturing plant fire, Oct., 2003, 2004:6.53

Manufacturing plant fire, July, 2004, 2005:6.46

Manufacturing plant fire, 2006, 2007:6.22

Manufacturing plant fire, 2007, 2008:1.24

Manufacturing plant fire, Sept., 2009, 2010:6.66

Medical research laboratory fire, 1990, 1991:5.30

Motion picture studio/manufacturing plant fire, Nov. 6, 1990, 1991:6.74

Motor home fire, 1994, 1995:5.36

Motor vehicle fire, Nov. 18, 1999, 2000:6.94

Motor vehicle fire, April, 2007, 2008:6.45

Motor vehicle repair shop fire, 1990, 1991:2.30

Multiple occupancy building fire, 1990, 1991:6.25

Multiple occupancy building fire, 2000, 2001:3.28

National forest fire, June 27, 1990, 1991:2.30

Naval facility incident, 1993, 1994:3.29

NFPA 5000™ and NFPA 1 adopted by state, 2003:5.24, 2003:6.38

Office building fire, 1991, 1992:1.23

Office building fire, March, 1991, 1992:6.78

Office building fire, 1993, 1994:5.30

Office building fire, 1994, 1995:5.35

Office building fire, 1995, 1996:1.21

Office building fire, Feb. 20., 1999, 2000:6.92

Office building fire, 2001, 2002:2.22

Office building fire, 2002, 2003:6.16

Office building fire, 2004, 2005:6.16

Radio station fire, 1994, 1995:4.40

Refinery fire, Oct., 1992, 1993:6.82

Refinery fire, Jan., 1995, 1996:6.63

Refinery fire, Jan. 21, 1997, 1998:4.21

Refinery fire, March 25, 1999, 2000:5.59, 6.83

Refinery fire, Feb. 23, 1999, 2000:6.83

Refinery fire, 2001, 2002:6.75

Refinery fire, Dec., 2006, 2007:6.77

Residential and business structure fire, Aug., 2002, 2003:6.79

Restaurant fire, 1990, 1992:3.34

Restaurant fire, 1992, 1993:4.28, 1993:5.35

Restaurant fire, 1997, 1998:3.36, 4.22

Restaurant fire, April, 2005, 2006:6.74

Sawmill/manufacturing plant fire, March, 1991, 1992:6.79

School fire, 1991, 1992:6.29

School fire, 1992, 1993:4.28

School fire, 1997, 1998:1.21

School fire, 1999, 2000:4.20

School fire, 2002, 2003:5.20

School fire, Nov., 2003, 2004:6.57

School fire, Feb., 2004, 2005:6.49

Shed fire, 1991, 1992:6.26

Shopping mall fire, 1993, 1994:6.35

Shopping mall fire, Nov., 1998, 1999:6.94

Shopping mall fire, 2000, 2001:2.23

Shopping mall fire, 2007, 2008:1.22

Storage facility fire, 1992, 1993:6.29

Storage facility fire, 1999, 2000:4.20

Storage facility fire, 2003, 2004:2.17

Store fire, 1990, 1991:6.26

Store fire, 1992, 1993:2.19, 1993:5.38

Store fire, 1995, 1996:5.26

Store fire, 1996, 1997:1.27

Store fire, 1997, 1998:4.21

Store fire, 1998, 1999:5.22

Store fire, July 2, 1999, 2000:6.91

Store fire, 2001, 2002:4.16

Store fire, July, 2006, 2007:6.79

Store fire, 2007, 2008:1.24

Theater/lodge fire, 1995, 1996:1.24

Theater fire, 1996, 1997:3.29

Tire and grass fire, 1998, 1999:4.21

Vacant dance studio, in shopping center, fire, 1998, 1999:4.21

Warehouse fire, 1990, 1991:1.61, 1991:6.73

Warehouse fire, 1991, 1992:1.23, 1993:1.28

Warehouse fire, 1992, 1993:4.26

Warehouse fire, 1996, 1997:6.23

Warehouse fire, Sept. 25, 1996, 1997:6.57

Warehouse fire, June, 2000, 2001:6.62

Warehouse fire, 2002, 2003:6.15

Warehouse fire, Nov., 2005, 2006:6.73

Wharf fire, Nov., 1998, 1999:6.96

Aug. 6, 1990, 1991:6.74

1992, 1993:4.28

Sept., 1992, 1993:6.88, 1993:6.89

Aug. 13, 1997, 1998:6.92

Aug. 28, 1999, 2000:6.94

Dec. 21, 1999, 2000:6.94

March, 2007, 2008:6.43

June, 2008, 2009:6.80

Aug., 2008, 2009:6.80

Nov., 2008, 2009:6.79

Recent fires move Californians to become "Firewise," 2004:2.70

Staffing for, 2004:2.68

Wildland/urban interface fires

June 27, 1990, 1991:1.59, 1991:6.73, 74, 75

Oct., 1991, 1992:6.74

Aug., 1992, 1993:6.89

Oct., 1993, 1994:6.99

June, 1994, 1995:6.111

Aug., 1994, 1995:6.111

Sept. 27, 1997, 1998:6.92

Feb., 2002, 2003:6.80

Aug., 2002, 2003:6.80

Oct., 2003, 2004:6.55

Dec., 2006, 2007:6.81

Jan., 2007, 2008:6.43

June, 2007, 2008:6.43

Oct., 2007, 2008:6.43

Nov., 2007, 2008:6.43

May, 2009, 2010:6.67

Aug., 2009, 2010:6.67

CAMPING TRAILER FIRES. See also RECREATIONAL VEHICLE FIRES

California, 2007, 2008:5.30

Alabama, Dec. 6, 1997, 1998:5.56

North Carolina, Nov., 2004, 2005:5.61

Ohio, Nov. 29, 1997, 1998:5.56

Oregon, March, 2007, 2008:5.63

Fatal, Michigan, 1998, 1999:1.19

North Carolina, 2006, 2007:5.25

Ohio, 1996, 1997:6.20

Trailer parked in aircraft hangar, California, 1998, 1999:2.25

Aircraft crash fire, runway overshoot, Toronto Pearson International Airport, Aug. 2, 2005, 2005:6.34

Apartment building fire, Alberta, 1990, 1991:5.26

Canadian Standards Association adopts NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, as basis for its standard, 2008:6.13

Canadian Standards Association and NFPA form alliance to enhance public safety, 2006:2.16

Detention facility fire, St. John, New Brunswick, June 21, 1977, 1994:5.50

Fire-safe cigarettes mandated by Parliament, 2004:3.40

Hazardous materials response, 1992:1.38

Motor vehicle repair shop fire, Ontario, 1989, 1991:1.28

Suncor Energy Inc. oil sands operation addresses fire prevention challenges, 2004:6.36

At Suncor Energy Inc. oil sands operation, teamwork helps fight dangerous cold weather fire, 2005:6.58

Tire fire, Ontario, 1990, 1991:1.50

Tire fire, Quebec, 1990, 1991:1.55

Apartment building fire caused by, 1999:2.24, 2003:3.16, 2003:4.14, 2007:1.19

Catastrophic fires caused by

Apartment, 2006:5.60

Dwelling, 1993:5.64, 1994:5.97, 1995:5.53, 59, 1997:5.49, 1998:5.49, 2001:5.76, 2002:5.82, 2004:5.68, 2007:5.59

Manufactured home, 1998:5.46, 2000:5.58, 2004:5.69

Travel trailer, 2008:5.63

Vacant dwelling, 1993:5.67

Warehouse, 2000:5.59

Dormitory fire caused by, 1991:2.29, 2001:2.20, 2007:2.21

Dwelling fire caused by, 2004:5.16, 19, 2006:6.71, 2010:1.23

Fatal fires caused by

Apartment, 2001:5.24, 2006:1.18, 2.28, 6.21, 2008:5.23, 2009:1.22, 2010:3.40, 5.34

Condominium, 2005:4.18

Dwelling, 1995:1.34, 1995:6.37, 1996:6.22, 1997:5.21, 1998:5.17, 1999:4.19, 2000:5.22, 2001:6.21, 2002:1.20, 5.18, 2003:2.22, 6.14, 2005:5.27, 2006:3.36, 2007:3.26, 2007:4.27, 2008:6.21, 2009:2.24, 2010:2.24

Housing for elderly, 1999:6.19

Manufactured home, 1991:4.26, 2002:1.20, 2004:6.17, 2007:4.26, 2009:6.22

Vacant dwelling, Alabama, 2009, 2010:6.21

Holiday season warrants reminder of candle safety issues, 2008:6.34

Home candle fire numbers begin to fall, 2007:1.11

Hotel fire caused by, 2009:3.38

NFPA candle fire survey finds adults practicing candle safety, 2005:6.11

Office building fire caused by, 2004:5.19

Power outages, safe use during, 2000:2.96

Residential fires caused by, 2003-2007, report overview, 2010:5.71

Residential fires caused by, increase in number of, 2000:6.112, 2004:1.13, 6.14

Residential fires caused by, statistics and fire safety information, 1998:3.160, 2002:6.35

Safe use is 2005 Fire Prevention Week focus, 2005:5.68

Sorority house fire caused by, 2007:1.16

Store fire caused by, 2009:4.20, 2010:2.27

Vigilance needed when using candles to avoid fires, 2004:2.38

Warming candle ignites cloth drape in food station, 2004:1.14

CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

Electrical fire extinguished by, 1995:5.35

Industrial machine fire extinguished by, 2003:6.15

Lacked sufficient agent for extinguishment, 1995:6.108

Nuclear energy plant fire extinguished by, 1995:6.102

Overpowered by fire, 1994:6.94

Shipboard fire extinguished by, 1992:6.48

Shipboard system discharges accidentally, kills two, 1996:2.83

Total flooding system reset after initial fire, fire reignites, 2003:2.25

CARBON MONOXIDE

Causes, symptoms, and prevention of CO poisoning, 1997:6.120

Dangers and prevention of CO deaths and injuries, 2008:1.32

Detector manufacturing standards changed to improve performance; NFPA 720 provides installation guidelines, 1999:1.68

Detectors and alarms, sample list of available, 1999:1.72

Detectors necessary for household protection, 2001:6.34

Firefighter fatalities caused by, 1991:4.53

Firefighter injuries caused by, 1997:6.75, 2003:1:65, 2009:6.67

Grieving father spearheads campaign for CO detectors, including mandated basement installation, 2009:2.15

NFPA 720, Installation of Household Carbon Monoxide Warning Equipment in Dwelling Units, 2009 edition, proposed changes, 2008:3.83

Questions on gas, its effects, and detectors answered, 1998:5.20

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1998:4.57, 60, 2000:4.56, 59, 61, 2001:4.76, 79, 2004:4.55, 2005:4.44, 4.50, 4.57, 2006:4.61, 62, 2007:4.60, 70, 71, 2008:4.76, 90, 2009:4.64, 2010:4.79

Firefighter injuries related to, 2005:6:57, 2006:6.85, 2008:6.53

CARPETS AND RUGS

Bedding, ignited by, 2009:6.20

Carpet plant fire, Georgia, Jan., 1995, 1996:6.62

Cigar, burning shirt, ignited by; fatal fire cause, 2006:3.38

Cigarettes, ignited by; catastrophic fire cause, 1992:4.68

Cigarettes, ignited by; fatal fire cause, 2005:4.20

Clothing dryer malfunction, ignited by, 2006:5.28

Cord, damaged, ignited by, 1994:5.28, 2009:4.18

Cords, spliced, ignited by, 1999:6.19

Cutting torch, ignited by, 1994:6.97

Electric heater, ignited by, 2003:6.14, 2004:2.18, 2009:1.18

Extension cord, ignited by, 1995:6.37, 2003:1.14

Extension cord, ignited by; catastrophic fire cause, 1992:4.67

Fan, tipped over, ignited by, 2006:4.27

Fireplace fire, ignited by, 2004:5.69

Floor furnace, ignited by; catastrophic fire cause, 1991:4.69

Incendiary fire accelerated by carpet involvement, 2001:2.22

Incendiary fire ignited in carpet padding, 2003:3.20

Incendiary fire ignited in rolled, stored carpet, 2008:6.22

Kerosene heater fuel spill, ignited by, 1998:6.23

Kerosene-soaked carpet possible fire factor, 2001:1.22

Smoking materials, ignited by; catastrophic fire, 1995:5.56

Space heater, carpet in area of ignited, 2010:5.64

Unintentionally ignited; catastrophic fire cause, 1996:5.93

CARSON, MARGARET D.

Profile of, 1992:2.20

CASTINO, G. THOMAS

Profile of, 1993:3.20

CATASTROPHIC FIRES, U. S (MULTIPLE-DEATH FIRES)

1990, study of, 1991:4.60

1991, study of, 1992:4.62

1992, study of, 1993:5.56

1993, study of, 1994:5.88

1994, study of, 1995:5.48

1995, study of, 1996:5.86

1996, study of, 1997:5.46

1997, study of, 1998:5.42

1998, study of, 1999:5.46

1999, study of, 2000:5.52

2000, study of, 2001:5.71

2001, study of, 2002:5.76

2002, study of, 2003:5.70

2003, study of, 2004:5.64

2004, study of, 2005:5.50

2005, study of, 2006:5.54

2006, study of, 2007:5.52

2007, study of, 2008:5.52

2008, study of, 2009:5.78

2009, study of, 2010:5.62

CEILINGS. See also CONCEALED SPACES

Catastrophic fires

Fire spreads through ceiling, 2008:5.59

Ignites ceiling coverings, 1992:4.67

Spread over tiles, 1991:4.64

Ceiling tiles ignite, suspended ceiling fails, 1992:6.31

Collapse, 2003:4.17, 2009:6.79

Hampers fire fighting, 1994:6.89, 1996:3.35, 2003:6.81, 2007:6.80

Prevents rescue, 1993:5.64

Requires defensive attack, 1998:1.21

Spreads fire, heat, smoke, 1992:6.76, 2002:2.25

Traps fire victims, 2004:5.69

Traps firefighters, 2003:6.81

Cutting torch ignites material, 1995:6.108

Drop-out and open grid ceilings used to conceal sprinklers, 2006:6.28

Dust builds above, leads to explosion, 2004:5.71, 6.52

Fire spread above, 1996:5.91, 1999:6.95, 2003:2.24, 2004:5.70, 2009:6.25

Fire started above, 1994:6.95, 2002:2.25, 2005:1.17, 6.49

False, fire spread across, 1999:6.90

Fire ignites structural members in, 2010:4.26

Fire spread through, 1991:5.28, 1992:4.25, 70, 5.30, 1994:6.90, 93, 1996:2.23, 3.35, 1999:2.25, 6.90, 2000:6.91, 2001:5.77, 6.62, 63, 2005:1.14, 2007:6.77, 2009:5.24, 2009:5.80, 2010:3.44

Fire spread to insulation in, 1999:6.90

Fire spread to structural members in, 1995:6.100, 2008:5.59

Fire started in, 1998:1.21, 1999:6.90, 2001:5.75, 6.22, 2005:5.28, 2010:5.63

Multiple ceilings hide fire, limit access, 1992:3.31, 2009:6.79, 2010:6.65

Panels ignited by sparks, 2002:4.16

Plywood-covered, contributes to fire spread, 1996:5.96

Vaulted design factor in fire spread, 1995:6.107

CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA

Fraternity house fire, May 12, 1996, 1996:5.61

CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA

Furniture store fire, June 18, 2007, 2008:4.84

Fire spread through, 1994:5.96, 1994:6.89, 1997:5.49, 2008:6.43

Fire started in, 1997:6.58

Battery acid leaking onto scrap tires, causes chemical reaction, 2007:5.25

Chemical waste facility explosion and fire, Ohio, May, 2009, 2010:6.67

Chlorinated pool chemicals, managing fire risks of, 2000:3.95

Federal haz-mat regulations cover intrastate shipments of agricultural chemicals, 1998:5.25

Oxidizers pose fire risk in warehouse occupancies, 2001:6.70

Oxidizing chemicals classification system studied by Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2007:1.22

Oxidizing pool and spa chemicals present hazard in warehouse stores, 1998:1.50

Oxidizing pool chemical storage and retail sales, sprinkler protection for, 2004:4.22

Oxidizing pool chemical storage in warehouse stores needs special attention, 1998:4.44

U. S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board emergency response presentation at NFPA World Safety Conference and Exposition™, 2006:3.71

U. S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board provides reports on chemical incidents worldwide, 2002:6.17

Calcium metal/water reaction cause fire, 1994:6.95

Chemical processing area fire involves Class 1B liquid, 2000:6.91

Chemical reaction ignites manufacturing plant fire, 2005:6.45

Chlorine/antifreeze react, cause warehouse fire, 1998:5.18

CMDP spontaneous ignition causes fire, 1991:5.30

Crude oil refining process interruption causes chemical reaction, fire, 1999:5.54

Foam rubber production chemicals react, cause fire, 1996:6.23

Gasoline additive production chemicals react, ignite fire ball/mushroom cloud, 2008:5.61

Hydrocarbon-caustic solution reaction possible cause of explosion/fire, 1991:6.78

Methanol vapors flash when ignited in chemistry experiment, 2005:1.14

Motor oil/pool chemicals react, cause fire, 1996:6.70

Muriatic acid/pool chemicals react, ignite fatal fire, 1998:3.36

Oxidizing pool chemicals, factor in retail store fire, 1997:6.54

Oxygen reacts with tetrachlorethane in purification vessel, 2000:5.60

Peroxide/polyurethane chain reaction, 1991:5.28

Polyol level in pump drops, causes exothermic reaction, 1998:3.41

Potassium superoxide reacts with organic material, 1995:6.38

Sodium hydrosulfite/aluminum powder react, cause explosion, 1996:5.94

Sodium used in lab experiment ignites trash, 1999:3.43

Sodium/water reaction, causes flash fire, 1997:5.23

Triethylaluminum reactor, fire ignites in, 2000:6.83

Waste chemicals in dumpster react, ignite waste products, 1997:5.24

CHEMICAL PLANTS

Senate committee moves to protect chemical facilities from terrorism, 2002:6.30

CHEMICAL PLANT FIRES

California, 1992, 1993:4.27

Illinois, April, 2004, 2005:5.59

Iowa, Dec. 13, 1994, 1995:5.66

Louisiana, May 1, 1991, 1992:4.70

Minnesota, Nov. 17, 1993, 1994:5.105

Ohio, May 27, 1994, 1995:5.66

South Carolina, June 17, 1991, 1992:4.70

Texas, July 5, 1990, 1991:4.67

Fatal, Ohio, 1990, 1991:3.31

Georgia, May, 2004, 2005:6.45

Louisiana, May, 1991, 1992:6.75

Louisiana, April 15, 1997, 1998:6.84

Louisiana, July, 1992, 1993:6.83

Maryland, Oct., 1998, 1999:6.91

Minnesota, Nov. 17, 1993, 1994:5.105

Minnesota, Feb. 6, 1997, 1998:6.85

Nevada, 2001, 2002:6.75

North Carolina, 1995, 1996:3.39

Pennsylvania, Feb. 19, 1999, 2000:5.59

South Carolina, June, 1991, 1992:6.80

Texas, March, 1991, 1992:6.75

Texas, Jan., 1992, 1993:6.83

Texas, July, 1995, 1996:6.64

Texas, Aug., 1995, 1996:6.64

Texas, Dec. 2, 1999, 2000:6.83

Texas, 2000, 2001:6.23

Texas, March, 2000, 2001:6.61

Utah, Feb. 1, 1997, 1998:6.86

CHEMICAL TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY CENTER. See CHEMTREC

CHEMICAL WAREHOUSE FIRES

Arkansas, May 8, 1997, 1998:5.53

North Carolina, 1992, 1993:2.21

Texas, June/July, 1995, 1996:6.66

Vital link for chemical emergencies, 1993:3.86

CHESTER COUNTY, PA.

Emergency response system upgrade, 1994:2.62

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Burlington Building fire, 1922, led to NFPA 232, Protection of Records, 2002:2.96

E2 Nightclub fire, Feb. 17, 2003, led to code changes and increased fire service diligence, 2008:2.68

High-rise building ordinance adopted to increase safety, control costs, 2005:1.34

Lasalle Hotel fire, 1946, 2006:5.96

McCormick Place conference center shaped by previous center, which was destroyed by fire, 2009:3.90

Northwestern Memorial Hospital construction/renovation requires flexibility, 2000:2.48

Our Lady of the Angels School fire, Chicago, IL, 1958, 1996:1.72

Our Lady of the Angels School fire, Chicago, Illinois, Dec. 1, 1958, Looking Back column, 2003:5.104

Space program technology applied to tank truck fires by NASA, NFPA, Chicago Fire Dept. partnership, 1998:2.52

CHIEF'S BRIEFING COLUMNS

Arson's terrible toll, 1995:2.112

Burdens of command responsibilities, 1995:4.23

Developing professional programs for leadership training, 1993:4.14

Fire department and elderly agencies focus on seniors' fire safety, 1994:3.13

International Association of Fire Chiefs includes retirees, 1994:6.19

Juvenile firesetters need social services, 1995:3.23

Labor relations eased by seeing both sides, 1994:2.13

Leadership requires political savvy, 1995:6.21

Listening and responding to fire service members, 1994:1.13

Mission statement core of operating plan, 1994:4.15

Networking with external groups, 1994:5.17

New Orleans fire chief Bill McCrossen retires, 1993:5.18

Officer training is key to fire service's success, 1993:3.26

Public fire safety education is long-term answer to fire loss, 1993:6.14

Truck company duties need emphasis in training, planning, 1995:5.19

Urban Fire Forum discusses global trends, 1995:1.104

Urban problems confront fire service, 1993:2.14

CHILDREN. See also FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION; JUVENILE FIRESETTING

Playing with candle, ignite fatal fire, 2000:5.22

Playing with candle, smoking materials, ignite fatal fire, 2006:6.18

Playing with charcoal lighter, ignite fatal fire, 1998:4.19

Playing with chemicals, ignite fatal fire, 1998:3.36

Playing with fire, ignite catastrophic fire, 2002:5.82, 2008:5.59

Playing with fire, ignite fatal fire, 1995:1.32, 1996:2.23, 1998:1.23, 2000:5.22, 2003:3.16, 2008:4.19, 2010:1.21

Playing with flammable liquid, ignite fatal fire, 2009:1.21

Playing with grill lighter, ignite fatal fire, 1999:3.46, 2000:6.96

Playing with open-flame device, ignite catastrophic fire, 1994:5.100, 1996:5.92

Playing with smoking materials, ignite catastrophic fire, 2001:5.75

Playing with stove, combustibles, ignite fatal fire, 2009:3.40

Safe Place programs include fire stations, 1994:6.128

Smoke-alarm waking effectiveness among children research by U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2003:4.44

Stove burner turned on by child, ignites plastic trays, 2000:5.57

Stove burner turned on by unsupervised child, ignites catastrophic fire, 2000:5.57

Victims and cause of fires, statistics, 1995:5.144

CHILDREN AND CIGARETTE LIGHTERS

Catastrophic fire cause, 1991:4.65, 66, 1992:4.70, 1993:5.64, 1994:5.97, 1995:5.54, 1997:5.50, 1999:5.53, 2001:5.78, 2004:5.69, 2008:5.60

Fatal fire cause, 1991:6.24, 1992:1.22, 1993:4.25, 5.35, 6.28, 1995:3.38, 4.38, 5.34, 6.36, 1996:1.23, 1997:5.21, 6.19, 1998:3.38, 5.16, 2000:2.22, 2001:1.21, 2.22, 5.25, 2002:2.22, 3.32, 4.19, 2003:3.14, 2004:4.16, 2007:3.34, 2007:5.26, 2007:6.21, 2009:3.39, 2010:3.33, 4.25

Fire cause, 1991:5.26, 1993:3.33, 1994:1.30, 2.28, 1995:4.37, 1996:5.24, 1997:6.21, 2000:6.17, 2005:2.18, 3.26, 2009:2.25, 5.23

CHILDREN AND FIREWORKS

Dwelling fire cause, 1992:4.26, 2009:5.23

Manufacturing plant fire cause, 1995:3.40

CHILDREN AND MATCHES

Catastrophic fire cause, 1991:4.64, 66, 1995:5.59, 1996:5.92, 2001:5.77, 2004:5.68

Fatal fire cause, 1992:5.25, 1993:1.27, 1995:3.37, 1997:2.22, 5.21, 1998:2.18, 3.38, 5.16, 6.23, 2001:5.25, 2008:2.23, 2010:3.33

Fatal fire, possible cause, 1991:2.32, 2003:5.16

Fire cause, 1991:6.24, 1998:6.90, 2005:2.18, 4.16, 2006:1.20, 2010:3.37

CHILDREN, UNATTENDED

Apartment building fire ignited by, 2010:3.37

Catastrophic fire victims, 1991:4.65, 66, 1992:4.70, 1994:5.96, 1995:5.54, 1998:5.45, 2008:5.59

Fatal fire started by, 1999:2.24, 2000:2.22

Fatal fire victims, 1992:1.22, 1993:2.21, 1993:3.57, 1993:5.36, 1995:1.34, 1995:4.38, 1996:3.39, 1998:1.23, 1999:1.17, 1999:2.24, 2006:2.28, 2009:2.22, 3.36, 2010:1.21

Fire risks faced by, 1993:3.54

School fire ignited by, 2006:1.20

Wildland fire ignited by, 1993:6.89

Creosote in chimney flue ignites, heat ignites bird's nest in attic, 2004:1.14

Ember from chimney probable wildland fire cause, 2003:6.80

Fire spread through, 1997:5.49, 6.57

Firefighter fatalities related to collapse of, 1994:4.66

Firefighter injuries related to collapse of, 2000:6.48

Lightning strike starts fire in concealed chimney space, 2003:3.16

Overheated, improperly maintained, fire ignites framing, 1996:6.22

For 2008 Olympics, NFPA codes to be translated into Chinese to aid China's preparation, 2005:1.11

2008 Olympics Bird's Nest venue incorporates performance-based design to provide fire/ earthquake safety, 2008:2.44

2008 Olympics Water Cube venue balances design and safety, 2008:2.51

Fire Protection Research Foundation conducts fire detection seminar in Beijing, 2007:3.20

Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai, incorporates NFPA codes and standards, 2002:3.66

Manufacturing plant fire, Nov. 19, 1993, 1994:1.48

NFPA participates at China Fire 2010 Conference provides opportunity for beneficial dialogue, 2010:6.16

Performance-based design techniques applied in China, 2005:4.60

CHRISTMAS TREE FIRES

Arizona, 1993, 1994:6.34

Artificial tree components ignite club fire, 2003:4.16

California, 1990, 1991:6.24

Arkansas, Dec., 2002, 2003:5.75

Artificial tree, Michigan, Dec. 3, 1992, 1993:5.64

Michigan, Dec. 22, 1990, 1991:4.64

Ohio, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.68

Artificial tree, Ohio, 1992, 1993:6.28

California, 2002, 2003:6.14

Illinois. 2007, 2008:2.24

Iowa, 1991, 1992:1.22

Michigan, 1993, 1994:6.33

Oklahoma, 2002, 2003:1.16

Tennessee, 2005, 2006:6.20

Virginia, 2003, 2004:6.16

Illinois, 1994, 1995:6.36

Massachusetts, Dec. 24, 1994, 1995:5.54

Michigan, 1991, 1992:6.28

Michigan, 1992, 1993:6.28

Precautions to protect trees from fire, 1999:6.80

Utah, Dec., 1993, 1994:6.90

Church structure fires, statistical summary of, 2002:1.16

Church structure fires pose special challenges for firefighters, 2009:5.34

Holiday season warrants reminder of candle safety issues, 2008:6.34

NFPA 909, Protection of Cultural Resources Including Museums, Libraries, Places of Worship, and Historic Properties, provides fire protection guidance for historical, cultural properties, 2000:6.28

California, 2005, 2006:1.22

Connecticut, Oct., 1992, 1993:6.79

Florida, 2001, 2002:3.34

Georgia, 2001, 2002:1.19

Illinois, 1989, 1991:1.30

Illinois, 1998, 1999:5.21

Illinois (Barrington), Oct. 28, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:3.102

Indiana, 1993, 1994:4.31

Indiana, Sept., 1993, 1994:6.89

Iowa, 1998, 1999:3.43

Kansas, 1998, 1999:6.17

Massachusetts, 1992, 1993:2.21

Massachusetts, June, 2005, 2006:6.73

Massachusetts, 2009, 2010:4.23

Missouri, 1997, 1998:2.19

New Hampshire, 2003, 2004:6.19

Ohio, 1994, 1995:3.39

Ohio, 1999, 2000:3.38

Pennsylvania, Feb., 1995, 1996:6.73

Pennsylvania, 1996, 1997:5.23

Pennsylvania, Sept.. 11, 1997, 1998:6.92

Pennsylvania, 2005, 2006:3.30

Tennessee, 1992, 1993:6.30

Tennessee, Oct., 2006, 2007:6.83

Texas, 1992, 1993:6.30

Texas, 1996, 1997:1.27

Texas (Lake Worth), Feb. 15, 1999, 2000:4.55, 2000:5.60

Texas (Lake Worth), Feb. 15, 1999, fire investigation report, 1999:4.76

Texas, 2003, 2004:3.22

Virginia, July, 1994, 1995:6.98

Wisconsin, rectory, 2004, 2005:6.19

CIGARETTE LIGHTERS. See also CHILDREN AND CIGARETTE LIGHTERS

Catastrophic fire ignition source, 1991:4.68, 69, 2006:5.62

Elderly man ignites box with lighter, 2002:2.24

Employee playing with lighter, fire cause, 2000:5.24

Fire ignition source, 1993:6.87, 1994:5.104, 2008:3.28

Incendiary fire ignition source, 1994:5.105, 1994:6.34, 1995:2.31, 1995:4.37, 1998:4.20, 1999:1.18, 2004:5.70, 6.20, 2007:6.78, 79, 2008:3.24, 6.21, 2010:3.42, 4.23

Lighter fluid used to ignite fireplace fire, 1996:1.23

Storage tank fire ignited by youth with cigarette lighter, 2001:1.23, 2004:5.71

Store display of lighters and lighter fluid, fire started in, 2009:4.20

Vapors from gasoline container in car ignited by, 2005:2.28

Zippo cigarette lighter "tricks" Web site shut down by NFPA, others, 2003:6.18

CIGARETTES. See also SMOKING MATERIALS

Careless disposal of

Apartment building fire cause, 1993:3.35, 1996:1.22, 1996:5.24, 1997:3.30, 2000:3.36, 2000:5.23, 2002:6.18, 2006:4.26, 2007:2.20, 2007:3.24, 2007:3.28, 2007:6.80, 2008:5.27, 2009:1.19, 6.22, 79, 2010:3.38, 2010:4.27

Assisted living facility fire cause, 2003:6.12

Board and care facility fire cause, 1994:2.30, 1994:6.33

Bridge fire cause, 1997:3.34

Building-under-construction fire cause, 2002:5.18

Catastrophic dwelling fire cause, 1992:4.68, 69, 1994:5.102, 1995:5.60, 1997:5.49, 2000:5.56

Catastrophic manufactured home fire cause, 2007:5.58

Catastrophic rooming house fire cause, 1992:4.67

Dormitory fire cause, 2001:2.20, 2010:5.30

Dumpster fire cause, possible, 1996:5.26

Dwelling fire cause, 1994:1.31, 1996:5.25, 1999:2.23, 2001:1.20, 2002:4.20, 2004:6.17, 2005:2.20, 2008:6.18, 20, 2009:2.24, 2010:1.26, 4.24

Hospital fire cause, 1998:1.24

Limited care facility fire cause, 2003:4.17

Manufactured home fire cause, 1999:6.18

Manufacturing plant fire cause, 1995:6.107, 2009:3.44

Nursing home fire cause, 1991:4.25, 2004:2.17

Office building fire cause, 1996:2.24

School fire cause, 2004:5.20

Store fire cause, 1992:1.21, 1994:6.35, 2004:2.16, 6.56

Warehouse fire cause, 1996:6.66

Wildland fire cause, 1993:6.89

Careless use of

Apartment building fire cause, 1991:2.29, 3.26, 1992:3.34, 1994:1.32, 1997:2.22, 1999:3.48, 2001:3.32, 2002:1.21, 6.21, 2007:2.20, 2008:3.28, 4.20, 5.27, 6.17, 2009:6.21, 2010:2.22, 23, 5.34, 6.21, 22

Board and care facility fire cause, 1997:1.27, 2004:1.16, 2009:5.25, 2010:5.31

Catastrophic apartment building fire cause, 1998:5.49

Catastrophic dwelling fire cause, 1991:4.65, 1991:4.66, 1993:5.64

Catastrophic manufactured home fire, possible cause, 1998:5.46

Dwelling fire cause, 1994:1.31, 1997:1.25, 1998:1.23, 5.16, 1999:1.18, 4.19, 6.18, 2001:3.30, 3.36, 2005:3.24, 4.20, 2007:1.20, 2007:3.28, 2007:4.25, 2008:2.24, 27, 4.23, 5.28, 6.20, 2010:3.36, 5.33, 6.20, 24

Elderly housing fire cause, 1996:5.24

Fireworks plant fire cause, 1993:3.35

Group home fire cause, 1992:1.26, 1995:6.35

Hotel fire cause, 2009:5.26

Limited-care facility fire cause, 1998:4.21

Manufactured home fire cause, 2003:1.16, 2007:6.19, 2008:1.20, 3.30

Nursing home fire cause, 1992:2.26, 1996:4.24, 1998:1.24, 2006:3.32

Rooming house fire cause, 1997:6.19

Shed fire, possible cause, 1993:2.20

Shopping mall fire cause, 1999:4.22

Trailer fire cause, 2009:4.22

Coalition for Fire-Safe Cigarettes' successes, 2009:1.15

Coalition for Fire-Safe Cigarettes website provides information, on-line petition, 2006:4.38

E-cigarettes raise questions on their fire safety, 2010:1.16

Fire-safe cigarette coalition coordinated by NFPA, 2006:2.15

Fire-safe cigarette legislation adoption by states is focus of NFPA-Harvard School of Public Health conference, 2009:5.18

Fire-safe cigarette legislation introduced by Congressman Joe Moakley, ongoing struggle to pass, 2002:6.42

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed by 49 states and D.C.; focus now on implementation and enforcement, 2010:1.16

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed in Alaska, 2007:5.18

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed in California, 2005:6.10

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed in Massachusetts, 2006:5.19

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed in New Hampshire, 2006:4.18

Fire-safe cigarette legislation passed in Oregon, 2007:3.17

Fire-safe cigarette legislation supported in Kentucky, 2007:2.15

Fire-safe cigarette legislation supported in Massachusetts, 2005:4.12

Fire-safe cigarette legislation takes effect in California, 2007:1.12

Fire-safe cigarette legislation update, 2008:3.14

Fire-safe cigarette self-extinguishes in Oregon nursing home incident, 2008:1.14

Fire-safe cigarettes aid 2008 drop in smoking-material fire deaths, 2010:6.16

Fire-safe cigarette's “father” Andrew McGuire talks about success of NFPA campaign in US and future goals, 2010:3.17

Fire-safe cigarettes mandated by Canadian Parliament, 2004:3.40

Fire-safe cigarettes promoted by NFPA, 2006:3.62

Fire-safe cigarettes to be manufactured by R.J. Reynolds for all brands, 2008:1.14

Incendiary fire started by, 1997:6.54

NFPA finds stunning increase in cigarette-caused fires, 2004:5.10

Patient, receiving oxygen, ignites flash fire with cigarette, 1999:6.20

Statistics on cigarette use, fires, 1995:3.160

CINCINNATI, OHIO

Crown Coliseum arena updates fire protection system, 1998:3.120

Riverfront Stadium concert disaster, Dec. 3, 1979, 2002:1.80

CIVIL DISTURBANCES

Rioters burn shopping mall, impede fire fighters, Nevada, 1992, 1993:2.19

Rioters damage/destroy 862 structures by incendiary fires, California, April 29-May 1, 1992, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.81

Clean agent alternatives to halons protect essential business equipment, 2002:2.68

NFPA 2001, Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, 2007 edition, proposed changes, 2007:4.42

NFPA 2001, Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, revised rules for safe human exposure, 2004:5.60

Baskets of clothing near gas water heater ignite, 1999:5.51

Clothes ignited by smoking materials, 2008:5.57

Clothes on battery charger, 2002:5.82

Clothing in dryer ignited, 1999:5.53

Discarded clothing ignited by faulty extension cord, 2000:5.58

Donated clothing in shipping/receiving area, 2010:5.66

Flash fire ignites clothes, 1991:4.67

Gasoline-fueled kerosene heater ignites clothing, 1999:5.56

Hot plate ignites clothing, 1999:5.50

Laundry and holding bins ignited, 1997:5.54

Stored clothing, 1996:5.92, 1997:5.50

Cigarette, ignited by, 2009:6.22

Clothing on floor ignited by paper towel, 2001:6.21

Dental office torch fire ignites clothing, 2010:2.26

Electric space heater ignites nearby clothing, 2007:1.18, 2010:5.30, 34

Electrical heat source ignited stored clothing, 2000:6.91

Extension cords ignite clothing placed on cord, 1997:5.51

Burning food ignites clothing, 2010:1.24

Candle ignites clothing in closet, 2008:6.21

Candle ignites clothing in room, 1999:4.19

Child with grill lighter ignites clothes on bed, 1999:3.46

Cigar ignites clothing, 2006:3.38

Cigarette ignites clothing, 1997:1.25, 1.27, 1998:6.23, 2002:1.21, 2005:3.24

Clothes dryer element malfunctions, ignites clothes, 2008:3.26

Dryer contents ignite, 2009:2.26

Drying clothes near baseboard heater ignite, 1999:2.23

Drying clothes near gas furnace ignite, 1998:3.38

Electric panel arc ignites workers' clothing, 2005:6.22

Electric space heater ignites clothing, 2006:5.34

Fire spreads to clothing, 1999:1.18, 2010:4.24, 2010:4.28

Gasoline vapor flashback ignites clothing, 2007:2.18

Ignition source unknown, 2009:5.23

Incendiary fire, ignited in, 2009:6.20

Kerosene heater fire spreads to clothes, 1999:1.17

Lamp ignites clothing, 1991:4.25

Robe ignited during dinner preparation, 2009:3.35

Smoking materials ignite clothing, 2008:3.32

Space heater ignites clothing, 2010:2.23, 6.20

Spontaneously-ignited fire spreads to clothing, 2008:2.26

Stored clothing, 1997:2.22

Stove burner ignites clothing, 1999:3.48, 1999:6.17, 2008:1.19, 2.23, 2010:1.24, 2.24

Stove ignites clothing, 1998:2.16, 5.16

Wood stove explosion ignites clothing, 1997:6.20

Wood stove fire spreads to clothes, 2009:6.25

Worker spills molten metal, 1991:1.31

Fuel in aircraft crash fire, ignited by, 1996:5.99

Gas-fired furnace, ignited by, 1995:5.54

Hallowe'en costume on student ignited by another student, 2004:5.20

Lamp, ignited by, 1994:6.33, 2003:5.16

Laundry basket of clothes ignited by kerosene heater, 1997:5.49

Match, dropped, ignited by, 1996:5.24

Patient ignites hospital gown, 2004:4.18

Smoking materials, ignited by, 1995:5.64, 1996:5.97, 2010:4.25, 26

Space heater, ignited by, 1995:5.53

Stored clothing

Catastrophic fire, factor in, 1996:5.92, 1997:5.50

Fatal fire, factor in, 1997:2.22

Fire, factor in, 1997:6.22, 2006:6.24

Stove burner, ignited by, 1996:3.39

Student's clothing ignited in laboratory fire, 2001:1.20

Theater costumes destroyed by spreading fire, 2009:1.17

After Station Nightclub fire, sweeping changes made to assembly occupancy codes, 2004:1.52

Beverly Hills Supper Club, Southgate, Kentucky, May 28, 1977, 1996:2.63

Buenos Aires, Argentina, Republica Cromagnon disco, 2005:2.52

California, 1997, 1998:2.19

Georgia, Dec. 12, 1990; vacant building, 1991:4.68

Massachusetts, June, 2006, 2007:5.61

New York, March 25, 1990, 1991:4.67

Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, 2004:5.70

Cocoanut Grove nightclub, five eyewitnesses remember, 1991:3.74

Cocoanut Grove nightclub, investigation into cause and origin, 2000:3.84

Cocoanut Grove nightclub, report on, 2007:3.90, 6.46

Code changes, research, and legislation related to club fires, 2007:3.90

Crowd manager training is essential but what should it include, 2010:4.70

Florida, 1993, 1994:5.30

Florida, Jan., 2005, 2006:6.73

Gothenburg, Sweden, Oct. 28, 1998, fire investigation, 2000:3.117

Idaho, Dec., 2008, country club, 2009:6.84

Illinois, 1994, country club, 1995:3.39

Illinois, Oct. 18, 1996, 1997:6.59

Illinois, Feb. 17, 2003, E2 nightclub fire led to code changes and increased fire service diligence, 2008:2.68

Indiana, 1992; athletic club, 1992:6.31

Major club fires covered by Quarterly and NFPA Journal, 2007:2.96

Maryland, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.89

Massachusetts, 2003, 2004:6.18

Michigan, 1990, 1991:6.23

New Jersey, 2003, 2004:4.19

Ohio, 2005, 2006:1.22

Oklahoma, Jan., 1994, 1995:6.98

Overcrowded clubs, handling and planning for fires in, 2009:6.32

Pennsylvania, 2002; country club, 2003:4.16

Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, 2004:5.70

Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, The Station nightclub, led to code changes in several states and increased fire service diligence, 2008:2.68

Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, The Station nightclub, NIST investigation summary, 2005:3.44

Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, The Station nightclub, report on, 2007:3.90

Texas, 1991; nightclub, 1992:6.25

Texas Fire Marshal's fire safety campaign urges students to "have an exit strategy" when clubbing, 2007:3.98

Thailand, Jan. 1, 2009, Santika Pub, Bangkok, 2010:1.42

Washington, May 11, 1990, 1991:6.77

Wisconsin, 1993, 1994:3.29

COAL MINE FIRES. See also MINE FIRES

Alabama, Sept., 2001, 2002:5.82

Kentucky, July 31, 1990, 1991:4.69

Kentucky, May, 2006, 2007:5.60

Virginia, Dec. 7, 1992, 1993:5.66

West Virginia, March 19, 1992, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.82

West Virginia, Jan., 2006, 2007:5.60

Illinois, Sept. 1991, 1992:6.77

COAN, STEPHEN D.

Profile of, 1999:4.42

COCKLOFTS. See CONCEALED SPACES

COCOANUT GROVE FIRE

Five eyewitnesses remember, 1991:3.74

Investigation into cause and origin, 2000:3.84

Report on, 2007:3.90, 6.46

CODES AND STANDARDS. See also CODES ON THE FIRELINE COLUMNS; IN COMPLIANCE COLUMNS; NFPA CODES AND STANDARDS

ANSI and NFPA support United States Standards Strategy (USSS), 2007:1.50

ANSI Audited Designator status requires rigorous audit of standards development process, 1999:2.70

ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators task groups addressed fire-related elevator safety issues, 2006:2:42

Basis-for-design reports help authority having jurisdiction, building owner, 1995:4.24

Canadian Standards Association adopts NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, as basis for its standard, 2008:6.13

Colocation computer facilities (remote data centers) outpace fire protection standards, 2001:4.51

Coordination of model codes, discussion of, 1991:2.72

Development process and future trends, 1991:4.36

Elevator recall and shut down requirements increase safety, 1997:5.64

Evaluating equivalencies and exceptions to standards, 1995:1.16

Federal law requires agencies to use voluntary consensus standards, 1996:6.40

Fire models to evaluate alternative designs, 1995:2.68

Fuel cells, development of codes and standards for, 2001:1.58

High technology detectors require new standards, 1995:5.42

International Building Code 2003 and NFPA 101^®, Life Safety Code, egress capacity factors differ, 2007:1.28

International Code Council and NFPA settle copyright infringement lawsuits, 2006:5.19

International electrical standards, developing, 1994:1.34

International Residential Code to require home sprinklers after Sept., 2008, vote, 2008:6.26

International standards, developing consensus for, 1994:1.36

Making performance-based codes work, 1997:1.73

Model building codes, overview of history and content of, 1992:3.42

NFPA and ICC collaborate to develop one national model fire code, 1997:4.36

NFPA and International Code Council work on national fire code, 1996:5.46

NFPA and offshore oil industry work to resolve dueling federal fire standards, 2001:5.46

Nursing home fire verifies authority having jurisdiction/engineers sprinkler design, 1995:2.85

Occupant load calculations crucial to accurate model building code application, 2001:4.32

Passive fire protection systems, 1997:2.30

Performance-based codes

Assembly occupancies performance-based design aids risk management, 2000:3.50

Benefits of, 1997:1.72

China's new construction applies performance-based techniques, 2005:4.60

Compliance requires review of computerized design methodologies, 2002:3.86

Designing buildings for, 1995:5.20

Development of, 1994:6.16, 1995:2.16, 1996:1.46, 1996:3.43

Existing buildings, performance objectives for, 1995:6.22

Existing codes, based on, 1995:3.24

Fire safety, performance-based design applied to, 2000:1.76

"Green" corporate headquarters protection uses performance-based design, 2005:2.40

Historic building preservation, fire protection aided by, 1999:5.28

Japan Airlines' performance-based approach to Kennedy Airport air cargo facility, 2002:5.62

Life Safety Code, performance-based design chapter proposed for, 1999:1.24, 1999:4.82

Need for structural fire resistance affected by performance-based design, 2000:5.34

NFPA 5000, Building Code™, performance-based design option in, 2002:2.28

North America, use in, 1994:3.70

Sprinkler reliability in high-rise buildings, application to, 1999:4.24

U. S. Department of Energy, adopted by, 1997:3.94

Regulations affect use of new construction methods, 1996:2.32

Residential sprinklers requirement, Scottsdale, Arizona, analysis, 1997:4.40

Stratosphere Tower (Las Vegas) designed using performance and prescriptive codes, 1997:3.72

Total building commissioning ensures all building systems perform correctly, 2000:1.60

U. S. Appeals Court decision on copyright law leaves future of code writing unclear, 2003:1.34

U. S. cable/wire manufacturers promote NEC over IEC as European standard, 1998:4.64

U. S. response to European economic unification and global standards, ANSI's role in, 1991:6.54

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) revised standards for wet- and dry-type sprinklers, 2004:2.54

World Trade Organization criteria for standards-developing organizations, 2002:1.65

CODES ON THE FIRELINE COLUMNS

Consensus requirement can slow adoption of innovations, 1996:2.29

Evaluating department's initial attack capability, 1996:5.29

Fire service role in code-making, 1996:1.27

Marketing residential sprinklers, 1996:4.27

New Zealand fire service operation and code development provide insights, 1996:3.43

Regional fire code development committees provide input to NFPA, 1996:6.27

COLLEGE BUILDINGS

All-hazard approach to emergency preparedness decrease fire- and life-safety risk, 2010:5.50

Campus Fire Data Project of Center for Campus Fire Safety provides college fire statistics, 2009:6.9

Campus fire safety increased by increasing smoke detector reliability, 2006:5.42

Campus Fire Safety Right-to-Know Act has good prospects for passage, 2003:6.28

Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center, University of Maryland, uses tested fire protection system, 2000:5.49

Code enforcement keeps life loss low in educational occupancy fires, 2003:5.32

DVD and online program provide current fire safety information to students, 2009:5.58

Electronically monitored extinguishers control extinguisher vandalism, 2005:1.56

Fire alarm systems requirements, 2003:5.36

Mesa Community College's mass notification system uses existing infrastructure to provide flexibility, 2008:5.90

NFPA Campus Fire Safety Forum program promotes college fire safety, 2002:6.52

NFPA programs promote college dormitory fire safety, 2002:1.38

Off-campus housing fire protection requires more attention, 2010:3.50

Sprinkler systems in dormitories save lives, not just property, 2005:4.26

Students and parents should discuss fire safety, 2008:4.36

Students need fire safety education, 1997:5.34

Texas Fire Marshal's fire safety campaign urges students to "have an exit strategy," 2007:3.98

University of Utah fire prevention program, 2005:1.52

Virginia Tech and other schools look beyond technology to create effective emergency communication systems, 2009:5.52

Wesleyan University efforts to make dwellings used for student housing fire safe, 2008:5.84

COLLEGE BUILDING FIRES. See also DORMITORY FIRES

Bell tower, West Virginia, 1993, 1994:4.30

Cafeteria, Minnesota, Jan., 2002, 2003:6.81

Classroom building, Indiana, 1994, 1995:5.35

Classroom building, Kentucky, 1994, 1995:5.35

Classroom building, Pennsylvania, 2009, 2010:2.26

Classroom building and tunnel, Ohio, Feb., 2009, 2010:6.69

Fraternity house, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, May 12, 1996, 1996:5.61, 1997:5.50

Fraternity house, Kentucky, 2005, 2006:5.30

Fraternity house, Maine, 2002, 2003:5.16

Fraternity house, Mississippi, 2004, 2005:5.32

Fraternity house, Missouri, 2007, 2008:1.21

Fraternity house, Nebraska, 2006, 2007:6.17

Fraternity house, Ohio, 1996, 1997:6.21

Fraternity house, Ohio, 2002, 2003:6.14

Fraternity house, Pennsylvania, 1992, 1993:1.27

Fraternity house, Pennsylvania, 2008, 2009:2.22

Fraternity house, Rhode Island, 1994, 1995:3.37

Laboratory, Delaware, 2004, 2005:4.22

Laboratory, Texas, 1996, 1997:5.23

Mixed-use building, Arizona, Nov., 2007, 2008:6.45

Mixed-use building, Kansas, June, 1991, 1992:6.78

Mixed-use building, Texas, May, 2008, 2009:6.84

Multiple fatality fires at fraternity houses, 2000:3.176

Office building, Georgia, 2000, 2001:3.26

Office building/student center, Tennessee, May 23, 1999, 2000:6.92

Office/classroom building, Georgia, Aug., 1995, 1996:6.73

Sorority house, New Hampshire, 2006, 2007:1.16

Virginia, 2001, 2002:6.75

COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND

Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center, University of Maryland, uses tested fire protection system, 2000:5.49

COLLINSWOOD, OHIO

Lake View School fire, March 4, 1908, 2008:5.64

Apartment building fire, 1997, 1998:4.20

Apartment building fire, July 18, 1997, 1998:6.90

Apartment building fire, 2000, 2001:5.26

Apartment building fire, 2007, 2008:5.27, 28

Assisted living facility fire, 2001, 2002:2.24

Building-under-construction fire, 2004, 2005:3.28, 6.19

Building-under-construction fire, Jan., 2006, 2007:6.81

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

Board and care facility, March 4, 1991, 1992:4.70

Electric generating plant, Oct., 2007, 2008:5.60

Hotel, Jan. 27, 1997, 1998:5.49

Motor vehicle, June, 2002, 2003:5.75

Restaurant, Nov., 2008, 2009:5.84

Wildland, July 3, 1994, 1995:2.51, 1995:5.67, 2007:4.56

Dwelling fire, 1999, 2000:5.20

Dwelling fire, April 23, 1999, 2000:6.93

Aircraft, Nov., 2004, 2005:6.48

Apartment building, 2005, 2006:4.26

Automobile repair shop, 1996, 1997:1.26

Dwelling, 2002, 2003:1.16

Dwelling, 2007, 2008:2.27

Manufactured home, 1997, 1998:1.23

Manufactured home, 2007, 2008:3.30

Office building, Sept. 28, 1992, 1993:2.33

Fuel tank storage facility fire, Nov. 25, 1990, 1991:6.73

Hotel fire, Nov., 2000, 2001:6.64

Hotel fire, 2008, 2009:3.38

Manufacturing plant fire, 2006, 2007:6.22

Manufacturing plant fire, 2008, 2009:4.17

Resort fire, 1992, 1993:1.25

Restaurant fire, May 10, 1999, 2000:6.96

Restaurant fire, 2000, 2001:5.22

Restaurant fire, 2002, 2003:1.12

Store fire, 1999, 2000:4.16

Store fire, 2005, 2006:1.20

Store fire, 2007, 2008:1.23

Warehouse fire, Nov., 1992, 1993:6.87

Warehouse fire, July 23, 1997, 1998:6.87

Warehouse fire, Nov., 1998, 1999:6.92

Warehouse fire, Dec., 2002, 2003:6.78

COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO.

Computer mapping used by fire service, 1995:1.84

Fire service addresses ason threat of foreclosure-swelled inventory of vacant homes, 2009:5.44

COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS

Effectiveness of current product labeling systems, 1994:1.71

COMMERCIAL OCCUPANCIES. See also specific occupancies

Site testing smoke detectors, 1998:3.110

COMMUNICATIONS. See FIRE SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS

COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY

Fire protection for, 1992:2.32

COMMUNITY CENTER FIRES

Pennsylvania, 1996, 1997:5.23

COMPARTMENTATION

Calculating flow rates based on compartmentation, 2002:2.32

Ineffective, fire spread overhead, 1999:6.95

Building-under-construction fire, factor in, 2005:4.19

Kennel fire, factor in, 1993:2.20

Library fire, factor in, 1993:6.79

Sawmill fire, factor in, 1992:6.79

Warehouse fire, 1992:6.78

Limited spread of dormitory fire, 2001:3.30

NFPA 5000, NFPA Building Code™, has new approach to fire compartments, 2001:3.46

Through-penetration protection systems, 1994:1.54

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS

Motor vehicle filling station service becomes more common, 2002:6.46

Motor vehicles fueled by, handling incidents involving, 1994:4.84

NFPA 30A, Automotive and Marine Service Station, expanded to cover alternative fuels, 2000:4.83

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS FIRES

CNG vehicle fueling station fire, Wisconsin, 1999, 2000:2.23

Cylinder ruptures, causing explosion and fire, 1994:4.30

High-pressure tanks being vented, fuel ignited by static discharge, 1994:4.29

Tanks explodes, hamper fire service operations, 2009:6.82

COMPTON, DENNIS

Profile of, 2000:5.45

COMPUTER-AIDED DISPATCH

Los Angeles implements new CAD system, 1994:2.66

COMPUTER MODELS. See also FIRE MODELS

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 edition, allows computerized water delivery predictions in dry-pipe systems, 2002:4.24

Performance-based design code compliance requires review of computerized design methodologies, 2002:3.86

COMPUTER SOFTWARE. See also FIRE MODELS

Fire alarm software requires careful management, 1995:1.54

Fire Dynamics Simulator provides atrium smoke control design for real world enforcement, 2008:1.50

Fire protection community, software useful to, 1997:1.50

Fire service software, 1991:3.90

Responders linked to hazardous materials databases by software, 1997:3.66

COMPUTERS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT

Assisted living facility fire, Florida, 2009, 2010:3.40

Clean agent alternatives to halons protect essential equipment, 2002:2.68

Colocation computer facilities (remote data centers) outpace fire protection standards, 2001:4.51

Computer and peripheral fires, 1999-2003, NFPA report, 2006:6.14

Dwelling fire, Michigan, 2004, 2005:2.18

Electronic equipment room fires, loss data, 1997:3.100

Fire in uninterrupted power supply spreads to cables, 1995:2.30

Fire protection for, 1992:2.32

Fire protection information available on Internet, 1996:6.44

Fire service use of, 1992:2.32, 1995:1.76

Fire statistics for electronic equipment areas, 2004:2.13

Fuel high-rise office building fire, 1992:5.56

Hospital fire, Connecticut, 2005, 2006:1.20

Internet's fire protection applications, 1995:6.41

NFPA 75, Protection of Information Technology Equipment, provides guidance for fire protection and business continuity, 2006:4.64

School fire, Massachusetts, 2004, 2005:4.16

Warehouse fire, Minnesota, Nov., 2004, 2005:6.47

CONCEALED SPACES

Above door, fire started in, 1998:5.15

Fire spread into/through, 1995:5.64, 3.35, 5.25, 6.64, 65, 1997:2.22, 1998:6.22, 1999:5.52, 53, 6.97, 2002:4.16, 20, 2003:4.16, 17, 2009:6.79

Fire started in, 1996:1.24, 1997:2.23

Fire spread into, 1995:4.37, 40, 1995:6.98, 2007:5.31

Fire started in, 1994:4.29

Balloon frame construction voids, fire spread through, 1999:5.21, 52, 2007:1.15

Fire spread into, 1992:6.78, 1995:5.64, 6.99, 104, 1996:2.23, 3.35, 5.91, 1997:6.22, 53, 1998:1.21, 6.85, 6.90, 1999:6.91, 2004:6.16, 2006:6.74, 2007:4.26, 2007:5.57, 2009:3.43, 5.24

Fire started in, 1991:4.64, 1994:6.93, 2004:2.18, 2005:1.17, 5.28, 2006:6.74, 2009:6.79

Flashover, factor in, 1992:6.31

Fire spread into, 1995:4.37, 1999:5.53, 2009:2.21

Fire started in, 1995:5.56, 1997:5.23, 6.58, 1998:6.92

Fire spread into, 1993:5.35, 36, 1993:6.30, 79, 1994:5.97, 1994:6.89, 1995:5.59, 1995:6.107, 2007:3.23, 24

Fire spread through, 1998:1.21, 2.19, 5.16

Fire started in, 1995:6.106, 1998:6.84, 2009:5.28, 6.84

Ceiling/wall, fire spread into, 2000:4.16, 2002:3.32, 2003:3.16

Chimney, fire started in, 2003:3.16

Catastrophic fire spread through, 1991:4.65

Fire spread into, 1995:4.39

Fire spread through, 1994:5.98, 1998:1.21

Fire started in, 1994:6.90

Fire spread through, 1991:4.67, 1991:6.77, 1992:3.31, 1992:6.78, 1992:6.79, 1993:5.64, 1993:6.81, 1994:5.95, 1994:6.36, 1994:6.89, 1995:6.108, 1998:5.45, 49, 6.24, 89, 1999:1.17, 1999:2.24, 1999:3.48, 1999:5.19, 21, 2001:1.21, 2001:5.26, 2001:6.62, 2002:1.19, 2002:2.25, 2002:5.22, 2002:6.20, 21, 2004:6.55, 2005:1.14, 18, 3.24, 4.18, 2006:2.30, 3.30, 6.24, 2009:5.24

Fire started in, 1998:2.19, 2001:3.26, 2001:4.20, 2001:6.64, 2009:6.79

Fire spread through, 1993:3.36, 1993:6.79, 1994:6.93

Fire started in, 1995:5.54, 2007:5.59

Pier, fire traveled underneath, 2007:6.78

Fire spread through, 1994:6.94, 95, 1995:6.107, 1996:2.23, 1998:4.19, 22, 6.22, 90, 2003:3.18

Fire started in, 1996:1.24, 1999:6.90

Utility voids, fire spread into, 1999:6.17

Fire spread through, 1993:4.33, 1994:5.96, 1996:2.24, 1997:6.19, 2002:4.20, 2004:3.22, 4.19, 6.19, 56, 2006:6.73, 2009:2.21, 2010:6.68

Fire started in, 1991:4.67, 1997:5.49, 2004:6.16

CONDOMINIUM FIRES

California, 1990, 1991:6.24

Delaware, Feb. 17, 1996, 1997:6.57

Florida, 1998, 1999:4.21

Illinois, 1990, 1991:6.23

Illinois, Nov. 17, 1996, 1997:6.58

New Jersey, Sept., 2005, 2006:6.72

North Carolina, Sept., 1993, 1994:6.90

Texas, Dec. 14, 1996, 1997:6.58

Virginia, 2005:4.18

Wisconsin, Feb., 2005, 2006:6.68

CONFERENCE CENTER FIRES

New Jersey, 1993, 1994:2.30

CONFINED SPACES

NFPA maritime codes, standards, and training aid marine industry life safety, 2004:4.38

OSHA regulation aims to reduce incidents in, 1994:5.80

Stockroom fire, 1994:6.91

CONGRESSIONAL FIRE SERVICES INSTITUTE

Fire services/safety publicized by, 1998:1.31

Apartment building fire, 1996, 1997:2.21

Apartment building fire, 2002, 2003:3.16

Apartment building fire, 2005, 2006:2.26

Apartment building fire, April, 2008, 2009:6.79

Apartment building fire, 2009, 2010:4.30, 2010:5.32

Bridge fire, 1996, 1997:3.34

Building-under-construction fire, Aug., 2005, 2006:6.69

Catastrophic fires

Aircraft, April 27, 1994, 1995:5.67

Board and care facility, Feb. 10, 1996, 1997:5.53

Dwelling, Feb. 16, 1991, 1992:4.67

Nursing home, Feb., 2003, 2004:5.70

Church fire, Oct., 1992, 1993:6.79

Detention facility fire, July 7, 1977, 1994:5.51

Dormitory fire, 2004, 2005:6.18

Dormitory fire, 2009, 2010:5.30

Dwelling fire, 1991, 1992:4.26

Dwelling fire, 2009, 2010:2.22

Apartment building, 1996, 1997:5.21

Dwelling, 2006, 2007:3.30

Dwelling, 2008, 2009:6.23

Nursing home, Feb. 26, 2003, 2003:3.80

Rooming house, 1998, 1999:6.18

Store/apartment building fire, 1999, 2000:3.32

Highway fire, March, 2004, 2005:6.48

Hospital fire, Dec. 8, 1961, 2009:1.46

Hospital fire, 2003, 2004:4.18

Hospital fire, 2005, 2006:1.20

Hotel fire, Great Cedar Hotel, Foxwood Resorts, Ledyard, Jan. 29, 2008, 2008:3.69

Library fire, 1996, 1997:1.26

Limited care facility fire, 2002, 2003:4.17

Manufacturing plant fire, 1996, 1997:4.22

Manufacturing plant fire, 1997, 1998:3.42

Manufacturing plant fire, 1999, 2000:2.23

Manufacturing plant fire, Nov. 28, 1999, 2000:6.83

Manufacturing plant fire, 2005, 2006:2.30

Marina fire, 1990, 1991:6.26

Mill fire, 1995, 1996:2.25

NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code™ and NFPA 101, Life Safety Code® adopted by state, 2006:2.18

Nursing home fire, 1999, 2000:2.21

Nursing home fire, 2003, 2004:2.17, 2004:3.22, 2005:5.14

Office building fire, 2008, 2009:3.45

Restaurant fire, 1996, 1997:4.22

School fire, 2001, 2002:6.22

School fire, 2003, 2004:5.20

School fire, 2005, 2006:1.20

School fire, 2007, 2008:1.22

School fire, 2008, 2009:4.22

Storage facility fire, 2005, 2006:2.30

Store fire, 1993, 1994:6.35

Store fire, 2007, 2008:1.23

Truck trailer fire, 1998, 1999:3.46

CONSTRUCTION, FIRE-RESISTIVE

Limited fire spread, apartment building fire, 1993:3.35

CONSTRUCTION METHODS. See also CODES AND STANDARDS; COMPARTMENTATION; NFPA CODES AND STANDARDS

Balloon construction, factor in fire spread, 1997:6.58, 2002:6.20, 2004:6.19, 2007:1.15, 2010:5.63

Lightweight construction and heavy fuel loads increase hazards, 2007:5.38

Lightweight (engineered wood) construction's relationship with fire detailed in two studies, 2009:4.38

MASTERFORMAT® changes proposed, 2003:3.26

NARRP and other codes address rehabilitation of existing buildings, 2000:6.24

Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, construction/renovation requires flexibility, 2000:2.48

Openings in construction, factor in fire spread, 1997:6.58

Smoke barriers and smoke partitions, purpose, application, and use of, 2001:6.28

Total building commissioning ensures all building systems perform correctly, 2000:1.60

Truss construction technique can mean greater risk for firefighters, 2009:2.32, 4.38

Using NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, to prevent false alarms during construction, 2002:1.34

Combustible liquids storage in composite intermediate bulk containers, Fire Protection Research Foundation studies of, 2007:1.22

Composite intermediate bulk container fire tests indicate fire safety differences, 2009:1.54

Intermediate bulk containers, test data for, 1999:3.122

CONVENTION CENTERS. See ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES

Friction between belt and roller ignites fire, 1994:6.92

Heat produced by belt ignites combustibles, dust, 1998:6.91

Hot slag drops onto freezer conveyor, ignites freezer, 1998:6.84

Mechanical failure causes grain to ignite, 1992:4.28

Mechanical failure causes sugar dust to ignite, 1997:6.49

Overheated bearing ignites cardboard, 1996:6.23

Welding sparks ignite belt, 1996:6.68

COOKING-AND-HEATING EQUIPMENT FIRES. See HEATING-AND-COOKING EQUIPMENT FIRES

COOLING TOWER FIRES

Rooftop tower of high-rise office building, Massachusetts, 1991, 1992:5.28

CORRECTIONAL FACILITY FIRES. See DETENTION FACILITY FIRES

COTE, ARTHUR E.

Profile of, 2006:6.38

Profile of, 1996:4.36

Profile of, 1993:5.23

CROWD MANAGEMENT. See ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES

CROWDED BUILDINGS

Catastrophic fire, factor in, 1994:5.102

CULTURAL FACILITIES. See also CHURCHES; HISTORIC BUILDINGS; LIBRARIES; MUSEUMS

NFPA 909, Protection of Cultural Resources, 2010 changes, 2009:3.88

NFPA 909, Protection of Cultural Resources, questions answered, 2008:5.20

NFPA 909, Protection of Cultural Resources Including Museums, Libraries, Places of Worship, and Historic Properties, provides fire protection guidance for historical, cultural properties, 2000:6.28

NFPA Technical Committee on Cultural Resources hosts workshop on standard changes, 2003:1.32

Property loss statistics, 2003:1.11

Sprinkler systems for cultural resource properties addressed by NFPA codes and standards, 2007:6.26

CUTTING AND WELDING OPERATIONS. See WELDING AND CUTTING OPERATIONS

Profile of, 1994:3.20

Detention facility fire, July 7, 1977, 1994:5.51

DANIEL, MICHAEL

Profile of, 1999:4.45

DAY CARE CENTER FIRES

Catastrophic, Alabama, Jan. 11, 1999, 2000:5.59

Seminars offered at international locations at urging of De Nooij, 2010:4.18

DEARBORN, MICHIGAN

Ford Motor Company Rouge plant, Feb. 1, 1999, fire investigation, 2004:4.58

DEFEND-IN-PLACE

Nursing home, successful, 2004:3.22

Building-under-construction fire, Delaware, Oct., 2000, 2001:6.63

Catastrophic fires

Dwelling, April 10, 1990, 1991:4.66

Dwelling, Jan. 20, 1993, 1994:5.97

Dwelling, Oct., 2000, 2001:5.77

Dwelling, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Dwelling, Jan., 2002, 2003:5.75

College building fire, 2004, 2005:4.22

Condominium fire, Feb. 17, 1996, 1997:6.57

Detention facility fire, 1990, 1991:3.25

Satisfactory performance, manufacturing plant fire, 2000:6.84

Satisfactory performance, nuclear energy plant fire, 2004:1.16

Satisfactory performance, refinery fire, 1997:6.49

Unsatisfactory performance; activated after water outage, cause major damage, 1994:3.29

Unsatisfactory performance, mill fire, 2000:6.84

DENVER, COLORADO

Fatal office building fire, Sept. 28, 1992, 1993:2.33

Fire department is progressive, innovative, 1995:3.118

Fueling accident at Denver International Airport leads to aircraft fueling policy changes, 2002:5.66

Pepsi Center designed for safety, 2000:3.72

Tank farm fire, Nov. 25, 1991, 1992:1.60

DETECTION SYSTEMS. See also ALARM SYSTEMS

Automatic, did not cover area of fire origin, 1992:5.28

Intelligent systems eliminate false alarms without compromising protection, 1997:6.78

Life safety system installed at Winterthur Museum, 1992:5.63

Not a factor in fire

Not in service, 1995:5.35, 2008:6.45

Not located in area of origin, 2004:3.18, 6.21, 2010:5.29

Not operational due to poor maintenance, 1995:6.104

Optical flame system design, 1995:3.105

Satisfactory performance, 2004:4.17, 5.71, 2008:5.26

Tunnel environments, international research report on performance of detection systems in, 2008:4.62

Unsatisfactory performance, 1998:6.92, 2004:6.57

Carbon monoxide detector questions answered, 1998:5.20

Carbon monoxide detectors necessary for household protection, 2001:6.34

High technology requires new standards, integration with building controls, 1995:5.42

Lack of detectors allowed school fire to spread, 1998:1.21

Motion detector sets off alarm in library fire, 1997:1.26

NFPA 72, The National Fire Alarm Code, consolidates detection standards, 1993:5.70

Not a factor in fire

Absence of detectors; catastrophic dwelling fire, 1994:5.97

Building empty, not monitored, 2002:4.18

Fire above detectors, 1995:6.99, 1997:6.52

Fire on building exterior, 1998:5.16, 2005:2.26

Methane gas detectors, disabled, in mine explosion/fire, 1993:5.66

Motion detectors covered with tape, fail to detect fire, 1996:6.24

Not located in area of origin, 1999:2.25

Not operational, 1994:5.95, 2002:5.22

Operated after suppression started, 2002:3.34

Rendered inoperable by explosion, 1991:6.74

Sample training exercise for detector placement, 1996:4.49

Satisfactory performance, 1994:6.95, 1996:6.62, 69, 72, 73, 1999:6.95, 2004:3.20, 2009:2.26, 27, 6.79, 6.80, 2010:2.26, 3.41

Unsatisfactory performance, 1999:3.48, 2007:6.78

DETECTORS, FLAME

Designing optical detection systems, 1995:3.105

DETECTORS, HEAT

Residential detectors, performance in fire tests, 1993:1.48

DETECTORS, HEAT, NOT A FACTOR IN FIRE

Fire above detectors, 2003:5.20

Not located in area of origin, 2007:5.61, 2010:5.66

Not operational, 1993:6.88, 2001:6.62, 2005:1.20, 5.28, 2007:6.79

Not operational due to explosion, 2003:6.77, 2009:5.83

DETECTORS, HEAT, SATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE, 1992:5.30, 1993:2.21, 1993:5.37, 64, 66, 79, 1994:6.90, 1996:6.22, 1998:1.24, 2.20, 5.53, 6.85, 88, 1999:6.90, 91, 2001:6.64, 2003:5.16, 6.79, 2004:1.16, 6.52, 2006:6.72, 73, 2008:4.20, 2009:2.26, 4.18, 5.83, 2010:2.22

DETECTORS, HEAT, UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE, 1991:6.77, 1992:4.70, 1993:6.87, 1998:6.92, 2000:6.96, 2002:6.21, 2003:6.16, 2006:2.28, 6.73, 2007:1.19

DETECTORS, SMOKE

Air sampling detectors, overview of, 1992:3.80

Alarm installation programs work better with firefighter support, 2010:5.46

Alarm signals to reduce older adults fire deaths, 2006:5.26

Blocked by interior renovations, delayed detection, 1992:6.26

Campus fire safety increased by increasing smoke detector reliability, 2006:5.42

Catastrophic fires, factor in, 2005:5.54

Community access television publicizes Vaughn, Ontario, fire service smoke alarm education program, 2007:4.40

Control system used for safe elevator recall, 1993:3.28

Door release methods, health care occupancies, 2005:6.30

Fire prevention week theme, 1992, 1992:5.68

Free detector distribution program by NFPA for Mississippi, Alabama, Navajo Nation, 2005:2.10

Free detector distribution program pays off in Picayune, Mississippi, 2005:5.76

Free detector distribution program saves residential occupants, 1998:3.38

Holmes County, Mississippi, works with NFPA on smoke detector distribution project, 2003:6.42

Inspection, testing, and maintenance to ensure reliability, 1996:5.68

Installation and maintenance are both important fire safety education goals, 2005:6.32

Insufficient number, location, factors in catastrophic fire, 1991:4.68

Location delayed notification, factor in catastrophic fire, 1991:4.69

Many U. S. detectors not operable, most due to batteries missing or dead, 1998:3.98

Medicare rules on nursing home requirements, 2005:3.16

NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code^®, 2010, requirements for ionization or photoelectric detectors, 2009:3.71

NFPA 302, Fire Protection for Pleasure and Commercial Motor Craft, 2004 edition, requires detectors on boats, 2004:4.36

NFPA and Navajo Nation Fire and Rescue install detectors in Navajo, Hopi Nations, 2008:4.15

NFPA community awareness kit educates public on smoke alarms, 2010:1.17

NFPA report emphasizes need to maintain and/or replace home smoke alarms, 2005:1.12

North Charleston, South Carolina, receives Jensen Award for Smoke Alarm Assistance Program, 2007:5.20

Nuisance alarms: field study in Native American community, 1996:5.65

Preventing nuisance alarms, 1993:5.16

Questions on location and type answered, 1998:6.26

Residential detectors, performance in fire tests, 1993:1.48

Site testing in commercial occupancies, 1998:3.110

Spacing guidelines in NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, 2006:4.36

Ten-year batteries in smoke alarms, pros and cons, 1999:1.48

Tuscaloosa, Alabama, receives Jensen award to fund smoke alarm installation and educational campaign, 2007:4.72

U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission study of detector failure, 1997:5.40

U. S. experience, home fires, 2009:6.86

U. S. experience with, 1994:5.36

Waking effectiveness among children and elderly research by U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2003:4.44

Working detectors basic to home fire safety, 2002:5.40

DETECTORS, SMOKE, NOT A FACTOR IN FIRE, 2010:1.21

Aircraft crash, 1992:6.79

Batteries disconnected, 1998:3.38, 1999:2.23, 2004:5.68, 2005:1.17, 18, 2006:5.34

Batteries incorrectly installed, 1993:5.64, 2008:6.17, 2009:2.23

Batteries missing or dead, 1991:4.26, 1991:5.26, 1992:4.67, 68, 4.68, 5.25, 6.28, 1993:1.27, 2.22, 4.25, 5.35, 36, 62, 64, 6.28, 1994:1.30, 5.96, 97, 98, 100, 102, 1995:1.34, 4.37, 38, 5.34, 54, 56, 60, 1995:6.37, 1996:2.24, 1996:5.24, 93, 96, 6.22, 1997:3.29, 30, 5.21, 51, 1998:1.23, 5.15, 16, 17, 46, 49, 1999:2.23, 4.19, 5.19, 50, 52, 2000:2.22, 3.34, 5.56, 57, 58, 6.17, 2001:1.21, 2.23, 3.30, 5.25, 76, 2002:1.20, 2.25, 4.20, 5.18, 20, 2003:1.14, 16, 2.22, 2004:5.68, 5.70, 2005:1.16, 17, 18, 2.18, 24, 26, 4.20, 5.27, 28, 56, 58, 2006:2.28, 5.61, 6.21, 71, 2007:1.15, 2.19, 20, 3.26, 34, 4.24, 5.28, 59, 60, 6.21, 2008:4.19, 5.24, 57, 58, 6.18, 20, 2009:2.24, 3.40, 5.79, 81, 82, 6.22, 24, 2010:1.22, 5.64, 6.20, 24

Closed door delayed detection, 2007:5.26

Damaged in earlier fire, 2004:6.16

Defective, 1997:4.19, 2005:5.32

Delayed operation, 1994:5.28, 2001:3.34, 2006:6.72

Disconnected, 1991:3.26, 1996:5.91, 92, 1997:2.22, 1999:4.19, 5.19, 2000:5.57, 2001:6.21, 2004:3.24, 2006:2.24, 2007:3.34, 2008:6.17, 2009:5.81, 2010:4.27, 6.20

Electrical system shorted, 1997:5.49

Electricity to hardwired detectors shut off by utility, 2006:2.28, 2009:5.24

Explosion, 1992:6.28, 2009:5.83, 6.75

Fire above detectors, 1994:4.29, 6.95, 1995:6.106, 1996:6.24, 2003:5.20, 2004:1.14, 2007:4.26

Fire extinguished quickly, 1998:5.17

Fire on exterior of building, 1994:6.90, 2005:4.18, 2007:6.80

Hardwired detector circuit had tripped, 2008:4.20

Hardwired detector removed from mounting, 2003:6.14

Hardwired detectors had no battery backup, 2003:6.14

Hearing impaired, home had not detectors for, 2008:4.22

Hearing impaired person may not have heard detector, 1993:2.22, 2008:5.29

Improperly installed, 1992:3.34, 2007:6.21

Intoxicated occupants do not respond, 1996:5.24

Not in service, 1991:3.27, 1993:6.88, 1994:4.32, 1995:4.38, 6.35, 37, 99, 1998:5.45, 1999:5.56, 2000:1.20, 3.36, 2001:6.21, 6.62, 2002:1.20, 3.30, 2003:1.14, 6.77, 2004:2.18, 2005:1.20, 5.28, 2006:6.69, 2007:6.79, 2008:5.57

Not installed, 1998:5.17, 5.49, 1999:2.23, 1999:3.48, 2000:6.93, 2001:6.20, 2009:4.19, 20, 2010:4.25

Not located in area of origin, 1994:6.91, 1996:5.97, 1997:1.26, 6.22, 1998:5.49, 6.89, 1999:3.43, 5.21, 6.92, 94, 95, 2001:5.78, 2002:1.20, 4.16, 5.20, 6.21, 2004:4.17, 2005:1.16, 2006:6.74, 2007:2.21, 5.61, 2008:5.24, 2010:1.21, 4.28, 5.66

Not maintained, 2004:3.20

Not monitored, 2008:4.24

Occupant aware of fire, 2010:5.34

Occupant ignored alarm, 2005:6.21

Power supply shut off, 1995:5.54, 1996:6.22

Previous activation of alarm in absence of fire led occupants to ignore alarm, 1993:1.27, 2001:5.75

Reason unknown, 1995:5.53, 60, 1997:5.52, 1998:5.16, 2000:5.22, 2000:6.83, 2006:3.30, 5.61, 2008:4.19

Removed, 1991:5.26, 1992:3.34, 1993:1.26, 1995:5.60, 1997:2.22, 4.19, 1998:5.50, 1999:2.23, 4.19, 5.20, 2001:2.22, 2004:5.71, 2007:1.18, 6.20, 2010:3.36

Short circuit caused breaker to trip, 1995:5.59

Switched off, 1999:5.52

DETECTORS, SMOKE, SATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE, 1992:1.22, 26, 2.27, 6.28, 29, 1993:3.33, 5.66, 6.28, 81, 1994:1.31, 2.29, 30, 5.27, 28, 97, 100, 102, 6.33, 6.89, 90, 94, 1995:2.29, 3.38, 6.107, 1996:1.22, 2.23, 4.21, 24, 5.24, 97, 6.22, 23, 24, 70, 1997:2.22, 5.22, 49, 50, 52, 1998:1.22, 24, 2.18, 3.38, 41, 4.21, 5.53, 6.90, 1999:1.17, 2.24, 3.46, 5.19, 50, 53, 6.17, 90, 91, 2000:2.21, 3.38, 6.16, 90, 93, 2001:3.30, 5.24, 26, 6.63, 64, 2002:1.20, 2.24, 26, 3.30, 4.19, 5.21, 22, 6.20, 22, 2003:5.16, 6.79, 81, 2004:1.15, 3.20, 5.14, 5.69, 5.70, 6.52, 6.56, 2005:2.18, 20, 3.26, 6.18, 46, 2006:1.20, 2.26, 3.32, 4.26, 6.22, 24, 71, 72, 73, 75, 2007:2.22, 3.24, 3.32, 5.57, 58, 6.22, 77, 79, 82, 2008:1.19, 22, 2.24, 3.28, 4.19, 21, 22, 5.23, 27, 58, 6.21, 43, 45, 2009:1.19, 21, 22, 23, 2.21, 22, 25, 3.34, 38, 39, 42, 4.18, 5.23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 83, 6.20, 22, 23, 76, 79, 2010:1.23, 25, 27, 2.22, 23, 4.25, 26, 30, 31, 5.30, 31, 63, 67, 6.20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 68

DETECTORS, SMOKE, UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE, 1991:4.26, 68, 69, 1992:6.26, 1993:3.35, 1994:1.31, 1995:2.30, 37, 6.98, 107, 1996:1.22, 5.96, 1997:1.25, 1998:1.21, 23, 2.16, 5.45, 49, 50, 1999:3.46, 5.51, 52, 53, 6.19, 2000:3.34, 5.57, 2001:5.78, 2004:4.17, 5.70, 2005:4.16, 5.32, 56, 2006:1.18, 5.60, 2007:1.19, 2008:1.20, 2.24, 25, 3.22, 6.17, 19, 21, 2009:1.17, 23, 6.20, 24, 79, 2010:3.34, 36, 40

DETENTION FACILITY FIRES

California, 1992, 1993:5.36

Catastrophic, Missouri, Sept. 14, 1991, 1992:4.70

Catastrophic, North Carolina, May, 2002, 2003:5.75

Danbury, Conn., July 7, 1977, 1994:5.51

Delaware, 1990, 1991:3.25

Fire protection in correctional facilities, 1994:5.49

Florida, 1992, 1993:3.33

Maury County, Tenn., June 26, 1977, 1994:5.50

North Carolina, 1996, 1997:1.27

Ohio State Penitentiary, April 21, 1930, 1994:5.54, 1995:5.84

Pennsylvania, 1994, 1995:5.33

St. John, Brunswick, June 21, 1977, 1994:5.50

Washington, 2002, 2003:3.14

Catastrophic aircraft collision at airport, Dec. 3, 1990, 1991:3.69, 1991:4.70

Dwelling fire, Feb. 17, 1993, 1993:3.57

Fatal board and care facility fire, June 2, 1992, 1993:1.29

Catastrophic truck fire ignited by, 2003:5.75, 2007:5.62

Locomotive fuel tanks rupture, vaporized fuel ignites, factor in catastrophic fire, 1997:5.54, 6.59

Used as fire starter, ignites fireplace fire, 1992:2.29

Used as fire starter, ignites wood stove fire, 2009:6.25

DINENNO, PHILIP J.

Profile of, 1992:4.20

DISABILITIES, PERSONS WITH. See also AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT; GROUP HOMES

Accessibility of built environment and programs covered in NFPA Emergency Evacuation Planning Guide for People with Disabilities, 2007:3.102

On Americans with Disabilities Act 20th anniversary, NFPA efforts to address needs of people with disabilities reviewed, 2010:4.48

Blind, nonambulatory woman dies when smoking materials ignite bedding, 1995:2.30

Blind man dies when stove burner ignites bathrobe, 1994:2.29

Blind woman dies when burning food ignites clothing, 2010: 1.24

Child in wheelchair dies in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.58

Disabled grandmother unable to rescue children, 1995:1.34

Evacuation plan development for people with disabilities, 2005:2.54

Fire Prevention Week to include People with Disabilities Day, 2005:5:42

Fire safety principles and education for, 1996:4.112

Hearing-impaired audible alarms required by NFPA 72®, 2010 edition, 2010:1.36

Hearing-impaired fire victim may not have heard smoke alarm, 1993:2.22, 2008:5.29

High-rise building evacuation plans for people with disabilities, 2002:4.58

Legally blind man ignites fatal fire, 1997:6.20

Mentally and developmentally disabled children die in board-and-care facility fire, 2001:5.78

Mentally disabled person(s) die in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.62, 1998:5.53

Mentally disabled person(s) dies in apartment building fire, 1999:1.17, 2008:5.23, 2009:3.35

Mentally disabled person(s) dies in limited-care facility fire, 1998:4.21

Mentally disabled person(s) sets rooming house fire, 1997:1.26

Mentally disabled(s) person dies in dwelling fire, 2003:6.14, 2010:2.24

National Council on Disability Executive Director Michael Collins urges further disabilities awarness for safer communities, 2009:6.17

NFPA Center for High-Risk Outreach task force addresses fire safety needs of disabled, 2004:6.34

NFPA Disability Access Review and Advisory Committee members, including Toby Olson, develop public outreach efforts and disabilities-related provisions in codes and standards, 2010:4.60

NFPA joins other organizations to aid emergency preparedness of disabled, 2006:6.11

NFPA report on fire victims with disabilities, 2009:4.23

Physical disability as factor in home fire deaths, 2009:6.85

Physically disabled person ignites bedding while lighting cigar, 2009:3.42

Physically disabled person ignites clothing while smoking, ignites catastrophic fire, 1997:5.50

Physically disabled person(s) die in apartment building fire, 1997:6.20, 1998:4.19, 2000:3.36, 2008:3.24, 28, 2009:6.20

Physically disabled person(s) die in board and care facility fire, 1996:5.96

Physically disabled person(s) die in catastrophic board and care facility fires, 1997:5.52, 2004:5.71

Physically disabled person(s) die in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.64

Physically disabled person(s) die in dwelling fire, 1996:5.24, 1998:3.38, 5.15, 16, 50, 1999:1.17, 18, 1999:2.24, 1999:3.48, 1999:6.18, 2000:4.19, 2000:5.56, 2001:3.30, 2003:1.15, 2006:4.24, 26, 5.28, 2007:3.30, 5.29, 2008:4.22, 2009:1.23, 2.23, 4.18, 20, 6.23, 2010:1.20, 2.24, 25, 3.34, 36, 4.24, 26

Physically disabled person(s) die in housing for elderly fire, 1999:6.19

Physically disabled person(s) die in manufactured home fire, 1998:2.16, 1999:6.18

Physically disabled person(s) die in storage facility fire, 2010:2.28

Residential facility fire, Ontario, Canada, 2006:2.28

Visually impaired person dies in dwelling fire, 2008:5.29

DISASTER DRILLS

Logan International Airport, Boston, Mass, 1991:2.54

Plane crash simulation at Hancock Tower high-rise, Boston, 1993:6.35

DISASTER RESPONSE. See also BUSINESS CONTINUITY; EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; TERRORISM

Aircraft crash, São Paulo, Brazil, July 17, 2007, 2008:1.36

Amtrak trains rescuers to respond to railroad disasters, 2000:3.78

Congress considers natural disaster relief policy reform, 1997:5.31

Crowd management factors in Riverfront Stadium, Cincinnati, concert disaster, Dec. 3, 1979, 2002:1.80

FEMA Project Impact focus groups gauge public awareness of disaster mitigation, 2000:2.32

Florida tornadoes, Feb. 22, 1998, fire service response to, 1998:3.60

High-speed train crash, Germany, June 3, 1998, 1999:6.40

Implementing NFPA 1600, National Preparedness Standard, explains development of compliant programs, 2008:1.16

Los Angeles County Fire Department's response program, 1991:6.60

National Electrical Code® article references NFPA 1600 requirements, 2008:1.49

NFPA 472, Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents, 2008 edition, can be used to develop HAZMAT/WMD emergency responder training program, 2008:2.54

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Program, available as iPhone app, 2009:5.21

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, adopted by Canadian Standards Association adopts as basis for its standard, 2008:6.13

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, 2007 edition, available at no cost, 2007:3.20

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, as national preparedness standard, 2005:1.44

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, fall meeting review, 1999:5.97

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, implementation case study: Goodyear Global Business Continuity Program, 2008:1.44

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, is important tool for response and recovery, 2002:4.88

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, proposed as National Preparedness Standard basis by 9/11 Commission, 2004:5.58

NFPA 1600, Disaster Management, 1995:4.49

NFPA 5000, NFPA Building Code™, references best guidelines for natural disasters, 2001:4.42

Oklahoma City bombing, 1995, NFPA documentation of response, 1996:1.50

Oklahoma City bombing, 1995, USAR task force response to, 1996:1.59

Risk assessment methods, 1999:2.67

School disaster planning's value learned after high school burns, 2009:5.64

Terrorist attacks, preparation for, 1996:1.54, 1996:2.35

Tropical Storm Allison overwhelmed Houston, Texas, hospitals, incident investigation report, 2002:4.48

United Airlines Operations Control Center fire, Elk Grove, Aug. 11, 1999, 2001:1.55

US Fire Administration and FBI programs can mitigate risk to modern infrastructures, 2001:6.30

DISNEY WORLD, ORLANDO, FLA.

Fire protection systems, 1996:3.119

DISPATCH. See COMPUTER-AIDED DISPATCH

DISPATCH CENTERS

Los Angeles designs state-of-the-art center, 1994:2.66

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. See WASHINGTON, D. C.

DOMESTIC DISPUTES

Fatal fires, factor in, 1.23, 1998:2.16

DOORS. See also EXITS

Access-controlled egress doors and locks, NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® requirements, 2007:5.40

Catastrophic fire factor, 1997:5.51, 1998:5.50, 2000:5.58, 2009:5.80

Fatal fire factor, 1999:4.19, 2002:2.24, 2003:1.16

By fire, 2001:5.25, 2001:5.76, 78, 2002:2.24, 2002:3.30, 2002:4.19, 2007:6.18, 2010:1.24

Hampered fire fighter access, 2002:1.19, 2007:1.15

Boarded-up, fatal fire factor, 2010:6.21

Delayed smoke alarm activation, 1999:3.46, 48

Limited fire spread, 1994:5.105, 2000:6.17, 2001:3.28, 34, 2004:3.22, 5.69, 5.70, 2007:5.32

Limited heat, gas exposure, 1994:6.34

Failed glass door, fire spread by draft caused by, 2010:4.23

Fire (See DOORS, FIRE)

Fire vented through, 1998:2.18, 2006:4.24, 5.60

In fire wall, fire spread through, 1991:6.75

Inoperable, hamper escape in catastrophic food plant fire, 1992:1.29

Inspections of doors require special vigilance, 2009:4.30

Jammed, factor in catastrophic motor vehicle fire, 1998:5.55, 2004:5.73

Lack of second exit, factor in fatal fire, 2001:6.20, 21

Catastrophic dwelling fire, factor in, 1991:4.64, 1996:5.91, 1998:5.45, 2008:5.59

Catastrophic dwelling fire, fire fighting operations hampered, 1993:5.62

Catastrophic fire, factor in, 1997:5.50, 51

Catastrophic recreational vehicle fire, factor in, 2010:5.69

Catastrophic vehicle fire, factor in, 1998:5.55

Dead-bolt, delayed escape, 2000:4.19, 2000:6.16, 17

Dead-bolt, factor in fatal fire, 2001:6.20

Fatal apartment fire, factor in, 1991:4.26, 1995:3.37

Fatal dwelling fire, factor in, 2008:4.19, 2009:1.20

Fatal fire, factor in, 1997:6.19, 2001:1.21, 5.25, 6.20

Fire, factor in, 1997:3.30, 2004:6.56

Fire fighting operations hampered by, 1994:2.27, 6.93

Fire fighting operations hampered by; shopping mall fire, 1991:1.29

Padlock, factor in fatal fire, 2001:5.25

Main store doors closed by electrical problem, occupants limited to two single doors, 2000:6.91

Motor vehicle passenger door inoperable from interior, factor in catastrophic fire, 1996:5.100

Catastrophic fires, factor in, 1998:5.49, 5.50, 2001:5.77

Fatal fire, factor in, 1995:3.37

NFPA 105, Installation of Smoke-Control Doors, recommended practice considered for upgrading to standard, 2001:5.59

Catastrophic fire spread through, 1991:4.66, 1997:5.49, 52, 53, 2004:5.70

Fire spread by draft caused by, 1992:5.25, 2004:6.21, 2009:4.18, 2009:5.79, 2010:1.21, 5.66

Fire spread through, 1991:6.24, 1992:4.67, 69, 1994:5.96, 100, 105, 6.95, 96, 1995:5.64, 6.35, 6.99, 1996:6.63, 6.64, 1997:6.20, 1998:5.45, 49, 6.90, 1999:5.50, 51, 52, 54, 1999:6.18, 2000:5.23, 56, 2001:1.21, 5.77, 6.23, 2002:5.20, 6.21, 2005:2.20, 6.18, 44, 47, 2008:4.24, 5.57, 2009:6.20

Fire vented through, 1991:4.67, 1995:5.56, 59, 1996:5.91, 93, 1997:5.21, 51, 6.56, 1998:5.49, 2008:4.23, 6.19, 2010:5.63

Flashover caused by, 2005:6.48, 2009:1.23

Garage door, fire spread through, 1992:1.21

Heat spread through, 1998:5.17, 53

Lacking self-closing devices, fire spread through, 1997:5.52, 53

Smoke spread through, 1991:3.26, 1995:5.64, 1998:5.17, 53, 2009:4.22

Panic hardware and fire exit hardware, NFPA 101^®, Life Safety Code^® definitions and requirements, 2007:4.36

Catastrophic fire, factor in, 1996:5.93, 1997:5.51, 1998:5.50, 2001:5.77, 2005:5.56, 58, 2006:5.60, 2007:5.58

Fatal fire, factor in, 2001:4.22, 2001:6.20

Security door, factor in catastrophic fire, 1999:5.53

Smoke door release methods, health care occupancies, 2005:6.30

Steel screens hinder escape in catastrophic fire, 1993:5.62

Wood, fire spread through, 1992:4.67

Absence of, allowed fire spread, 1998:6.85

Limited fire spread, 1995:1.31, 1997:5.49

Operated correctly, 1997:5.52

Controlled fire spread, 1999:6.95, 2000:1.19

Failed to close, 1993:6.85, 1998:6.84

Failed to operate due to poor maintenance, 1996:6.63

Field modifications of, 1992:6.12

Fire protection-rated door requirements included in different codes, 2008:1.29

Limited/prevented fire spread, 1992:4.27, 1993:1.28, 1994:5.105, 1995:1.31, 1995:6.38, 1997:6.52, 1998:6.92

NFPA 80, Fire Doors and Fire Windows, provides installation and maintenance guidelines, 2001:3.79

NFPA 80, Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives, 2010 changes, 2009:3.86

NFPA 288, Fire Tests of Floor Fire Door Assemblies Installed in Fire Resistance Rated Floor Systems, annual meeting review, 2001:2.81

Open, fire spread through, 1993:5.64, 1994:5.95, 1994:6.96, 1995:6.35, 103, 1997:4.19, 5.21, 49, 54, 1998:6.92, 1999:2.24, 2000:5.24, 2005:4.22

Overhead doors, failed to operate, factor in fire spread, 1995:6.103

Removed, factor in fire spread, 1994:5.95

Roll-down, limited fire spread, 1995:6.38

Self-closing, prevent fire spread, 1992:4.27, 1997:6.21

Self-closing device deactivated, factor in catastrophic fire, 1998:5.53

Self-closing devices removed, factor in catastrophic fire, 1997:5.52

DORMITORIES. See also COLLEGE BUILDINGS

Fire safety and fire protection in dorms remains pressing, unresolved issue, 2003:5.48

Fire safety and life safety combined in construction of Northeastern University dormitory, 1999:1.60

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, requirements, 2000:5.30, 38

NFPA programs promote college dormitory fire safety, 2002:1.38

Sprinkler systems in dormitories save lives, not just property, 2005:4.26

Statistics, fire, 1997:3.152

DORMITORY FIRES

North Carolina, May 12, 1996, 1997:5.50

Texas, April 19, 1993, 1994:5.95

College/university

Arizona, 1990, 1991:2.29

Catastrophic, North Carolina, May 12, 1996, 1997:5.50

Connecticut, 2004, 2005:6.18

Illinois, 1999, 2000:6.16

Illinois, 2001, 2002:6.21

Indiana, April, 2002, 2003:6.81

Maine, 2000, 2001:3.30

Massachusetts, April, 2005, 2006:6.72

Massachusetts, building-under-renovation, 1997, 1998:3.42

Michigan, 2000, 2001:2.20

Multiple fatality fires at fraternity houses, 2000:3.176

New Jersey, Jan. 19, 2000, 2009:5.62

North Carolina, 2003, 2004:1.15

Ohio, 1996, 1997:6.21

Rhode Island, 2006, 2007:2.22

Texas, 2001, 2002:3.32

Vermont, 2005, 2006:2.28

Washington, D. C., 1990, 1991:4.25

Washington, under construction, March, 2006, 2007:6.81

Wyoming, March, 2004, 2005:6.45

Wyoming, 2005, 2006:6.23

Connecticut, 2009, 2010:5.30

Fire station dormitory, California, 1998, 1999:4.21

Military barracks, Washington, May 11, 1990, 1991:6.77

Nebraska, 2006, 2007:2.21

Pennsylvania, April, 1994, 1995:6.99

Washington, 2003, 2004:6.16

Satisfactory performance, warehouse fire, 1996:4.23

Unsatisfactory performance, mill fire, 2000:6.84

DRILLING PLATFORM FIRES

Catastrophic, Louisiana, Feb. 15, 1991, 1992:4.71

DRILLING RIG FIRES

Track-mounted, Wisconsin, July 9, 1991, 1992:4.72

DRILLS. See DISASTER DRILLS; FIRE DRILLS

Water supply limited by, 2002:6.20

Wildland fire factor, 1991:1.59, 1991:4.70, 1991:6.74, 75, 78, 1992:4.72, 1992:6.74, 76, 1993:3.36, 1993:4.28, 1993:6.88, 89, 1994:5.108, 1994:6.99, 1995:5.67, 1995:6.111, 1996:2.26, 1996:6.74, 1997:4.21, 1999:6.97, 2001:6.63, 2003:6.80, 2007:6.80, 81, 2008:6.43, 2009:6.80, 2010:6.67

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1996:4.73, 2003:4.62, 2006:4.63, 2007:4.68

Alcohol used to smoke crack cocaine ignites rooming house fire, 1999:6.18

Careless disposal of marijuana cigarette ignites apartment building fire, 1997:5.22

Careless smoking of illegal drugs ignites fatal hotel fire, 2002:6.21

Catastrophic dwelling fire, factor in, 1994:5.102, 1995:5.60

Cooking chemicals ignite apartment building fire, 1995:6.36

Drug manufacturing ignites recreational vehicle fire, 2010:5.69

Fatal fire, factor in, 1997:6.20, 2003:5.16

Home fire deaths, report on drug use as factor in, 2010:2.75

Methamphetamine/amphetamine use, possible fatal fire factor, 2006:1.18

Methamphetamine lab, possible fire cause, 2004:1.15

Methamphetamine lab fire ignites apartment fire, 2005:2.20

Methamphetamine lab fire ignites spilled camping fuel, ignites fatal dwelling fire, 2003:1.16

Torch used to heat illegal drugs ignites office fire, 2005:6.16

DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

Delayed activation, but partly successful in hospital cafeteria fire, 2003:2.22

Delayed activation, but partly successful in restaurant fire, 1995:2.31

Electrical substation plant fire extinguished with, 1995:6.100

Manual system in hood over grill not activated, 2000:6.96

Not a factor in fire, fire above system, 1997:6.52, 1997:6.53

Unsatisfactory performance, failed to operate in restaurant fire, 1997:6.22, 2006:2.30, 3.30

Dust and lacquer in vent system, ignited by heat source, 1996:4.24

Construction plans for world's tallest building include crisis response plan, 2007:2.44

DUBAY, CHRISTIAN

Profile of, 2007:1.34

DUCTS. See also CHASES

Aluminum dust in ductwork ignites, explodes, 2004:5.20

Broiler heat ignites grease in, 2006:2.30

Clothes dryer heat ignites lint in exhaust duct, 1993:3.36

Combustible ducts in vapor removal system spread fire, 1998:6.84

Deep fat fryer fire ignites grease in, 1994:3.28

Dust in ducts, factor in explosions and fires, 1999:6.94, 2000:5.60, 2000:6.85

Electrical connection grounded through, 1995:5.35

Fan draws fire into exhaust duct, 1999:6.90

Fire gases spread through, 2009:5.82

Fire spread through, 1992:4.68, 1993:6.82, 1994:5.104, 1997:6.57, 1998:6.87, 90

Grill fire ignites grease in, 1996:5.25

Lint in ducts, factor in fire spread, 1999:6.94

Oven heat fire ignites grease in, 2009:3.43

Residue in duct ignited, fire spread through, 1999:5.19

Sawdust in ducts ignited by sparks, 2004:2.16

Short circuit ignites dust on top of duct, 1998:6.84

Sparks sent through, ignite studs in dust collection bin, 1998:1.24

Hawaii, 1989, 1991:1.31

Michigan, 1996, 1997:5.24

New York, 1995, 1996:5.26

Oregon, 1999, 2000:4.19

DUNGAN, KENNETH W.

Profile of, 1992:5.20

DÜSSELDORF, GERMANY

Fatal airport terminal fire, Apr. 11, 1996, 1996:4.43

DUST. See also LINT

Accumulated dust ignited by burning polystyrene, 2004:5.20

Accumulated dust ignited by overheated fan motor, 2009:3.45

Aluminum dust ignites in fatal manufacturing plant fire, 2004:5.20, 6.21

Coal dust ignites in generating plant fires, 1999:6.95

Coal dust ignites in power plant fire, 2000:5.60

Coffee dust, ignited by propane gas-fired furnace, 2009:2.26

Conveyor belt heat ignites dust, 1998:6.91

Dryer fire spreads to dust, 2001:5.26

Ducts, accumulation in, factor in fire spread, 1999:6.94, 2000:5.60, 2000:6.85

Exhaust fan malfunction, ignited by, 1996:5.23

Explosion, dust loosened by, results in second explosion, 2001:5.78, 6.61

Explosion causes and prevention discussed, 2008:6.56

Fiberglass, ignited by heat from oven fire, 2004:5.71, 6.52

Furniture manufacturing plant explosion/fire, factor in, 1995:6.103

Grain, ignited by hot bearing, 1999:3.44

Grain, ignited by smoldering grain, 1992:4.28

Grain, ignited by unknown source, 2004:6.53

Grain, ignited in grain elevator during cleaning, 1999:5.54, 1999:6.92

Heat gun ignites dust in church fire, 1999:5.21

Hosiery manufacturing plant fire, factor in, 1997:3.33

For Imperial Sugar, new refinery and new safety culture go hand-in-hand, 2010:2.44

Manufacturing process, accumulated dust/powder from, self-ignites, 2001:1.23

NFPA 654, Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids, 2011 edition, proposed changes, 2010:2.54

NFPA 654, Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids, process hazard assessment requirement, 2010:2.50

Overheated bearing box, ignited by, 1993:6.83

Paper, factor in fire spread, 1993:6.84

Paper, ignited by heat from gas heater, 1991:6.75

Phenol formaldehyde resin dust ignites catastrophic explosion, 2000:6.85

Polyethylene dust, in area above dropped ceiling, ignites catastrophic explosion, 2004:5.71, 2004:6.52

Polyurethane dust ignites, fire spreads through dust collection system, 1998:6.87

Sawdust, fire spreads to combustibles from, 1994:4.30

Sawdust ignited by electrical arc, 1999:6.90

Sawdust ignites, explodes, contributes to fire spread, manufacturing plant fire, 1997:6.49

Sawdust in attic ignited by spreading fire, 1998:6.86

Sugar dust ignited by spark or heat, refinery fire, 1997:6.49

Sugar dust ignited in refinery explosion/fire, 2009:5.83, 2009:6.75

Synthetic fabric dust ignited by short circuit, knitting mill fire, 1998:6.84

Tryptophan, powdered, ignited in manufacturing plant fire, 2002:6.22

DUST COLLECTION SYSTEMS

Explosion causes secondary explosions in system, 2004:6.21

Polyurethane dust ignites, fire spreads through dust collection system, 1998:6.87

Sparks from saw, ember in hopper, ignite sawdust, 2004:2.16

Sparks sent through ducts, ignite studs in dust collection bin, 1998:1.24

DWELLING FIRES. See also MANUFACTURED HOME FIRES

Alabama, 1995, 1996:3.39

Alabama, 1998, 1999:3.46

Alabama, 1999, 2000:4.19

Alabama, 2001, 2002:3.32

Alabama, 2002, 2003:6.14

Alabama, 2007, 2008:4.19, 2008:6.20

Alabama, 2008, 2009:5.24

Alabama, 2009, 2010:6.23

Alaska, 2009, 2010:3.36

Arizona, 1993, 1994:6.34

Arizona, 2003, 2004:6.17

Arizona, 2009, 2010:1.23

Arkansas, 1997, 1998:1.23, 4.19, 6.23

Arkansas, 1998, 1999:2.24

Arkansas, 2005, 2006:6.18, 24

Arkansas, 2009, 2010:1.21, 23

California, 1991, 1992:4.26, 1992:6.28

California, 1992, 1993:4.25

California, April, 1992, 1993:6.79

California, Sept., 1992, 1993:6.81

California, 1994, 1995:2.30

California, 1995, 1996:1.23, 1996:2.23, 1996:3.36, 1996:6.22

California, 1997, 1998:5.16

California, 1998, 1999:6.19

California, Jan., 1998, 1999:6.97

California, 1999, 2000:1.20, 2000:3.36, 2000:4.18

California, 2000, 2001:6.20

California, 2002, 2003:5.14, 2003:6.14

California, Aug., 2002, 2003:6.81

California, 2003, 2004:5.18

California, 2004, 2005:2.22, 3.24, 4.20

California, 2005, 2006:5.28, 32, 34

California, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.68

California, Dec., 2006, 2007:6.80

California, 2007, 2008:5.26

California, 2008, 2009:3.38, 5.23

California, 2009, 2010:6.25

Colorado, 1999, 2000:5.20

Colorado, April 23, 1999, 2000:6.93

Colorado, 2002, 2003:1.16

Colorado, 2007, 2008:2.27

Connecticut, 1991, 1992:4.26

Connecticut, 2006, 2007:3.30

Connecticut, 2008, 2009:6.23

Connecticut, 2009, 2010:2.22

Delaware, Oct., 2000, 2001:6.63

Florida, 1992, 1993:2.21, 1993:5.35

Florida, 1993, 1994:4.32

Florida, May 4, 1997, 1998:6.90

Florida, Oct. 22, 1997, 1998:6.90

Florida, 2000, 2001:3.36, 2001:4.22, 2001:6.21

Florida, Feb., 2000, 2001:6.64

Florida, 2003, 2004:3.20

Florida, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.71

Florida, 2008, 2009:4.19

Florida, 2009, 2010:2.25, 5.29, 6.20

Georgia, 1991, 1992:2.29

Georgia, 1996, 1997:2.22

Georgia, 1998, 1999:1.18, 1999:3.48

Georgia, 1999, 2000:3.36

Georgia, 2006, 2007:6.20

Georgia, 2007, 2008:6.21

Idaho, 1995, 1996:4.22

Idaho, 2008, 2009:3.36

Illinois, 1994, 1995:6.36

Illinois, 1997, 1998:1.23, 3.38

Illinois, 1998, 1999:3.46

Illinois, 2002, 2003:5.16

Illinois, 2006, 2007:3.26

Illinois, 2007, 2008:2.24, 3.26, 5.24

Illinois, 2008, 2009:5.25

Illinois, 2009, 2010:5.32

Indiana, 1993, 1994:1.30

Indiana, 1998, 1999:1.17

Indiana, 1999, 2000:5.22

Indiana, 2001, 2002:1.20

Indiana, 2004, 2005:1.16, 3.24, 5.27

Indiana, 2007, 2008:2.23

Indiana, 2008, 2009:3.39

Iowa, 1991, 1992:1.22, 1992:4.26

Iowa, 1992, 1993:3.35

Iowa, 2003, 2004:5.14

Iowa, 2008, 2009:4.20

Kansas, 1998, 1999:4.20

Kansas, 2001, 2002:2.25

Kansas, 2006, 2007:1.17

Kansas, 2008, 2009:5.26

Kentucky, 1990, 1991:5.26

Kentucky, 1997, 1998:4.19

Kentucky, 1998, 1999:4.19

Kentucky, 2002, 2003:1.14

Kentucky, 2004, 2005:4.20

Kentucky, 2006, 2007:6.20

Kentucky, 2007, 2008:5.29

Kentucky, 2008, 2009:4.18

Louisiana, 2008, 2009:4.20

Maine, 1998, 1999:6.17

Maine, 2003, 2004:5.19

Maine, 2006, 2007:2.18

Maryland, 1993, 1994:1.31

Maryland, 1994, 1995:3.38

Maryland, 1997, 1998:5.16

Maryland, 1998, 1999:1.18

Maryland, 1999, 2000:5.22

Maryland, 2003, 2004:2.18, 6.16

Maryland, March, 2004, 2005:6.45

Maryland, 2007, 2008:1.19

Maryland, 2008, 2009:1.21

Massachusetts, 1989, 1991:1.27

Massachusetts, 1991, 1992:1.21

Massachusetts, 1992, 1993:1.27, 1993:5.36

Massachusetts, 1993, 1994:6.34

Massachusetts, 1995, 1996:4.21, 1996:6.22

Massachusetts, 1996, 1997:1.25, 4.19

Massachusetts, 1997, 1998:5.15

Massachusetts, 1999, 2000:5.20, 2000:6.16

Massachusetts, Nov. 5, 1999, 2000:6.93

Massachusetts, 2000, 2001:6.20

Massachusetts, 2001, 2002:5.20

Massachusetts, 2003, 2004:1.14

Massachusetts, 2005, 2006:1.18

Massachusetts, 2007, 2008:2.26, 5.23

Massachusetts, 2008, 2009:2.21, 3.39

Massachusetts, 2009, 2010:6.23

Michigan, 1991, 1992:6.28

Michigan, 1993, 1994:6.33

Michigan, Feb. 17, 1993, 1993:3.57

Michigan, 1995, 1996:3.39

Michigan, 1996, 1997:1.25

Michigan, Jan. 6, 1996, 1997:6.58

Michigan, Nov. 14, 1996, 1997:6.58

Michigan, 1998, 1999:6.18

Michigan, 1999, 2000:3.34

Michigan, 2000, 2001:3.30, 2001:4.24

Michigan, 2002, 2003:2.22, 2003:4.14

Michigan, 2003, 2004:4.16, 2004:4.17

Michigan, 2004, 2005:2.18

Michigan, 2007, 2008:2.24

Michigan, 2009, 2010:2.24, 25, 5.33

Michigan, July, 2009, 2010:6.68

Minnesota, 1991, 1992:2.28

Minnesota, 2001, 2002:3.30

Minnesota, 2005, 2006:4.24

Minnesota, 2006, 2007:1.18

Mississippi, 1994, 1995:4.38

Mississippi, 1998, 1999:5.19

Mississippi, 2004, 2005:2.26

Mississippi, 2006, 2007:5.29

Missouri, 1991, 1992:3.34

Missouri, 1992, 1993:4.25

Missouri, 1994, 1995:5.34

Missouri, 1998, 1999:1.18

Missouri, 2000, 2001:1.21

Missouri, 2002, 2003:1.15

Missouri, 2003, 2004:1.15, 2004:5.17

Missouri, 2005, 2006:6.23

Missouri, 2006, 2007:5.26

Missouri, 2007, 2008:4.19

Missouri, 2009, 2010:3.36

Montana, 2006, 2007:1.20

Nebraska, 2003, 2004:4.17

Nebraska, 2007, 2008:5.29, 6.23

Nebraska, 2009, 2010:6.24

Nevada, Feb. 19, 1999, 2000:6.95

Nevada, 2003, 2004:2.19

Nevada, 2009, 2010:1.24

New Jersey, 1994, 1995:6.37

New Jersey, 1998, 1999:4.19

New Jersey, 1999, 2000:6.17

New Jersey, 2004, 2005:2.20

New Jersey, Aug., 2005, 2006:6.72

New Jersey, 2007, 2008:6.17

New Mexico, 2009, 2010:6.20

New York, 1991, 1992:5.25

New York, 1992, 1993:2.22

New York, 1993, 1994:1.31

New York, 1994, 1995:4.37

New York, 1998, 1999:2.23, 1999:3.48

New York, 1999, 2000:5.22

New York, Dec. 18, 1999, 2000:6.93

New York, 2000, 2001:5.26

New York, 2002, 2003:3.16

New York, Sept., 2005, 2006:6.69

New York, 2008, 2009:4.17, 6.24

New York, 2009, 2010:4.25

North Carolina, 1994, 1995:1.34

North Carolina, 2000, 2001:1.22

North Carolina, 2001, 2002:2.25

North Carolina, 2004, 2005:1.17

North Carolina, 2006, 2007:1.19

North Carolina, 2007, 2008:3.26, 4.22

North Carolina, 2008, 2009:4.18

North Carolina, 2009, 2010:1.20, 21, 4.24, 5.30, 32, 34

Ohio, 1992, 1993:2.22, 1993:5.36, 1993:6.28

Ohio, 1993, 1994:1.31, 1994:5.28

Ohio, 1996, 1997:5.21, 6.19

Ohio, 1999, 2000:2.22, 2000:6.16

Ohio, 2000, 2001:2.23

Ohio, 2001, 2002:2.22

Ohio, 2002, 2003:3.18

Ohio, 2004, 2005:1.16, 4.16

Ohio, 2005, 2006:2.28, 21

Ohio, 2006, 2007:3.26, 4.24, 5.25, 28

Ohio, 2008, 2009:3.42, 5.24

Ohio, 2009, 2010:3.33, 4.25, 6.20

Oklahoma, 1991, 1992:6.28

Oklahoma, 1996, 1997:3.29

Oklahoma, 1997, 1998:3.38

Oklahoma, 2001, 2002:5.20

Oklahoma, 2002, 2003:1.16

Operations at dwelling fires should not be considered routine, 2003:4.26

Oregon, 2003, 2004:3.20

Oregon, 2004, 2005:5.26

Oregon, 2008, 2009:2.22

Oregon, 2009, 2010:3.34

Pennsylvania, 1994, 1995:1.34

Pennsylvania, multiple dwellings, 1996, 1997:4.19

Pennsylvania, 1997, 1998:1.22, 23

Pennsylvania, 1998, 1998:3.38

Pennsylvania, 1999, 2000:6.17

Pennsylvania, 2000, 2001:3.34

Pennsylvania, 2001, 2002:3.30

Pennsylvania, 2003, 2004:5.16

Pennsylvania, 2004, 2005:5.26, 6.21

Pennsylvania, 2005, 2006:2.24, 26, 3.36, 5.34

Pennsylvania, 2006, 2007:3.32, 6.21

Pennsylvania, 2007, 2008:2.23, 4.23, 5.24, 6.18

Pennsylvania, 2008, 2009:1.23, 3.33, .40

Pennsylvania, 2009, 2010:1.22

Products first ignited in, 1983-1987, 1991:5.72

Rhode Island, 1995, 1996:6.22

South Carolina, Aug. 13, 1999, 2000:6.93

South Carolina, 2001, 2002:1.21

South Carolina, 2005, 2006:5.30

South Carolina, 2008, 2009:2.24, 6.23

South Carolina, 2009, 2010:4.24

South Dakota, 2008, 2009:4.20

Tennessee, 2000, 2001:5.25

Tennessee, 2005, 2006:5.28, 6.20, 24

Tennessee, 2008, 2009:1.18

Texas, 1994, 1995:2.29

Texas, 1995, 1996:5.25

Texas, multiple dwellings, 1995, 1996:4.21

Texas, 1997, 1998:5.17

Texas, March 20, 1997, 1998:6.90

Texas, 1999, 2000:3.34

Texas, Dec. 6, 1999, 2000:6.93

Texas, 2001, 2002:2.24, 2002:3.30, 2002:4.19, 2002:6.18

Texas, July, 2002, 2003:6.79

Texas, 2003, 2004:4.16, 2004:6.17

Texas, 2004, 2005:3.28, 5.28

Texas, 2006, 2007:5.29

Texas, 2007, 2008:6.18

Texas, 2008, 2009:2.24, 6.25

Texas, 2009, 2010:3.34, 36, 6.26

Utah, 1997, 1998:6.23

Vermont, 2009, 2010:2.24

Virginia, May 3, 1999, 2000:6.93

Virginia, 2003, 2004:6.16

Virginia, 2005, 2006:4.26

Virginia, 2006, 2007:4.28, 6.18

Virginia, 2007, 2008:3.21

Virginia, 2009, 2010:1.25

Washington, 1994, 1995:6.36

Washington, 1998, 1999:4.19

Washington, 2000, 2001:1.20, 2001:6.21

Washington, 2008, 2009:3.35

Washington, 2009, 2010:1:24

Washington, D.C., July, 2009, 2010:6.68

West Virginia, 2003, 2004:2.19

West Virginia, 2004, 2005:4.18

West Virginia, 2008, 2009:1.23

West Virginia, 2009, 2010:5.30

Wisconsin, 1998, 1999:2.23

Wisconsin, 2006, 2007:3.28

Wisconsin, 2008, 2009:2.23

Wyoming, 1991, 1992:5.26

DWELLING FIRES, CATASTROPHIC

Alabama, Aug. 27, 1990, 1991:4.64

Alabama, Nov. 12, 1996, 1997:5.51

Alabama, July 20, 1997, 1998:5.50

Alabama, July 5, 1999, 2000:5.58

Alabama, May, 2004, 2005:5.58

Arizona, Nov. 5, 1993, 1994:5.97

Arizona, March 26, 1995, 1996:5.92

Arizona, April, 2001, 2002:5.82

Arkansas, Dec., 2002, 2003:5.75

Arkansas, March, 2008, 2009:5.82

California, Aug. 3, 1992, 1993:5.64

California, Nov. 29, 1994, 1995:5.62

California, May 29, 1995, 1996:5.91

California, Dec. 14, 1995, 1996:5.92

California, Dec. 19, 1996, 1997:5.51

California, April 26, 1997, 1998:5.45

California, June 1, 1997, 1998:5.49

Connecticut, Feb. 16, 1991, 1992:4.67

Delaware, Jan. 20, 1993, 1994:5.97

Delaware, Oct., 2000, 2001:5.77

Delaware, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Delaware, April 10, 1990, 1991:4.66

Delaware, Jan., 2002, 2003:5.75

Florida, Jan. 13, 1990, 1991:4.64

Florida, Feb. 25, 1990, 1991:4.66

Florida, Oct. 15, 1990, 1991:4.64

Florida, March 13, 1993, 1994:5.98

Florida, Mar. 13, 1998, 1999:5.52

Florida, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Florida, Feb., 2004, 2005:5.57

Florida, Sept., 2004, 2005:5.58

Georgia, Jan. 26, 1993, 1994:5.97

Georgia, Feb. 3, 1993, 1994:5.96

Georgia, June 27, 1993, 1994:5.98

Georgia, Feb. 4, 1995, 1996:5.92

Georgia, Jan. 23, 1997, 1997:5.50

Georgia, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Hawaii, Oct. 15, 1997, 1998:5.45

Illinois, Jan. 11, 1990, 1991:4.65

Illinois, Jan. 1, 1991, 1992:4.68

Illinois, Aug. 14, 1994, 1995:5.54

Illinois, Aug. 12, 1995, 1996:5.93

Illinois, Jan. 14, 1995, 1996:5.91

Illinois, Jan., 2000, 2001:5.75

Illinois, April, 2007, 2008:5.59

Indiana, June 30, 1994, 1995:5.60

Indiana, Aug. 9, 1994, 1995:5.56

Indiana, Dec. 4, 1995, 1996:5.93

Indiana, Jan. 18, 1998, 1999:5.50

Indiana, Feb., 2004, 2005:5.57

Indiana, Sept., 2005, 2006:5.61

Indiana, March, 2006, 2007:5.57

Iowa, March 24, 1994, 1995:5.54

Iowa, Dec. 9, 1995, 1996:5.93

Iowa, Mar. 13, 1998, 1999:5.52

Iowa, Sept. 6, 1999, 2000:5.56

Kansas, Oct., 2000, 2001:5.75

Kansas, Oct., 2004, 2005:5.58

Kansas, Sept., 2006, 2007:5.59

Kentucky, Sept. 30, 1994, 1995:5.60

Kentucky, Nov. 9, 1996, 1997:5.51

Kentucky, April 3, 1999, 2000:5.57

Kentucky, Jan., 2000, 2001:5.76

Kentucky, Nov., 2001, 2002:5.82

Kentucky, Feb., 2003, 2004:5.68

Kentucky, Feb., 2004, 2005:5.57

Kentucky, Feb., 2007, 2008:5.57

Kentucky, July, 2009, 2010:5.63

Louisiana, Nov. 16, 1991, 1992:4.68

Louisiana, Oct. 9, 1997, 1998:5.50

Louisiana, Mar. 23, 1998, 1999:5.50

Louisiana, Jan. 13, 1999, 2000:5.57

Louisiana, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.77

Louisiana, Aug., 2002, 2003:5.75

Maryland, July 7, 1992, 1993:5.62

Maryland, April 23, 1993, 1994:5.98

Maryland, Feb. 26, 1994, 1995:5.53

Maryland, Jan. 9, 1994, 1995:5.54

Maryland, Jan. 30, 1996, 1997:5.50

Maryland, March 3, 1997, 1998:5.45

Maryland, Jan. 14, 1998, 1999:5.52

Maryland, Sept. 3, 1999, 2000:5.56

Maryland, June, 2000, 2001:5.76

Maryland, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Maryland, Jan., 2007, 2008:5.58

Massachusetts, May 27, 1990, 1991:4.65

Massachusetts, Dec. 24, 1994, 1995:5.54

Massachusetts, Nov. 24, 1999, 2000:5.58

Massachusetts, Oct., 2004, 2005:5.58

Michigan, Feb. 28, 1990, 1991:4.64

Michigan, Dec. 22, 1990, 1991:4.64

Michigan, Oct. 3, 1992, 1993:5.62

Michigan, Dec. 3, 1992, 1993:5.64

Michigan, Feb. 17, 1993, 1994:5.96

Michigan, Nov. 30, 1993, 1994:5.102

Michigan, July 13, 1994, 1995:5.56

Michigan, June 17, 1998, 1999:5.51

Michigan, Aug. 7, 1998, 1999:5.53

Michigan, Dec. 27, 1998, 1999:5.50

Michigan, Dec. 30, 1998, 1999:5.53

Michigan, Feb. 4, 1999, 2000:5.56

Michigan, April 8, 1999, 2000:5.57

Michigan, May 23, 1999, 2000:5.56

Michigan, Dec. 2, 1999, 2000:5.57

Michigan, April, 2000, 2001:5.76

Michigan, Sept., 2002, 2003:5.75

Michigan, Jan., 2003, 2004:5.68

Michigan, July, 2003, 2004:5.68

Michigan, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.68

Michigan, Jan., 2004, 2005:5.57

Michigan, Sept., 2005, 2006:5.61

Michigan, May, 2007, 2008:5.58

Michigan, Feb., 2008, 2009:5.82

Michigan, April, 2009, 2010:5.65

Minnesota, Jan. 1, 1999, 2000:5.56

Mississippi, April 3, 1994, 1995:5.59

Mississippi, Feb. 3, 1996, 1997:5.49

Mississippi, March 13, 1996, 1997:5.50

Mississippi, Jan. 2, 1998, 1999:5.51

Mississippi, Jan., 2002, 2003:5.75

Mississippi, Oct., 2003, 2004:5.69

Missouri, Aug. 19, 1992, 1993:5.64

Missouri, Dec. 5, 1997, 1998:5.45

Missouri, Sept., 2000, 2001:5.75

Missouri, Nov., 2001, 2002:5.82

Missouri, Jan., 2002, 2003:5.75

Missouri, Aug., 2006, 2007:5.59

Missouri, Aug., 2007, 2008:5.58

Montana, Sept. 7, 1991, 1992:4.68

Montana, Sept. 24, 1994, 1995:5.60

New Jersey, June 11, 1991, 1992:4.69

New Jersey, June 16, 1991, 1992:4.69

New Jersey, Feb. 13, 1992, 1993:5.62

New Jersey, Dec. 28, 1994, 1995:5.53

New Jersey, Jan. 22, 1995, 1996:5.92

New Jersey, July 22, 1995, 1996:5.92

New Jersey, March, 2001, 2002:5.82

New Jersey, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

New York, Dec. 27, 1990, 1991:4.65

New York, Feb. 8, 1991, 1992:4.68

New York, April 10, 1991, 1992:4.67

New York, April 21, 1991, 1992:4.69

New York, Nov. 22, 1991, 1992:4.68

New York, Dec. 22, 1991, 1992:4.68

New York, June 7, 1993, 1994:5.98

New York, Aug. 28, 1993, 1994:5.100

New York, Dec. 21, 1993, 1994:5.102

New York, Jan. 28, 1994, 1995:5.58

New York, Feb. 10, 1994, 1995:5.54

New York, June 28, 1994, 1995:5.60

New York, Dec. 4, 1994, 1995:5.62

New York, June 23, 1995, 1996:5.92

New York, Dec. 18, 1995, 1996:5.93

New York, Jan. 9, 1999, 2000:5.57

New York, Nov., 2001, 2002:5.82

New York, March, 2003, 2004:5.69

New York, Aug., 2004, 2005:5.56

New York, March, 2007, 2008:5.57

New York, Jan., 2009, 2010:5.63

North Carolina, Nov. 13, 1992, 1993:5.64

North Carolina, Feb. 28, 1994, 1995:5.58

North Carolina, Feb. 23, 1996, 1997:5.49

North Carolina, Feb. 17, 1997, 1998:5.49

North Carolina, April 1, 1998, 1999:5.52

North Carolina, Nov., 2000, 2001:5.75

North Carolina, June, 2002, 2003:5.75

North Carolina, March, 2006, 2007:5.58

North Carolina, Oct., 2007, 2008:5.58

North Dakota, Oct. 7, 1994, 1995:5.53

Ohio, Oct. 21, 1990, 1991:4.66

Ohio, Dec. 25, 1990, 1991:4.66

Ohio, Dec. 15, 1991, 1992:4.69

Ohio, Jan. 26, 1992, 1993:5.62

Ohio, Feb. 14, 1993, 1994:5.98

Ohio, Dec. 22, 1993, 1994:5.96

Ohio, Jan. 26, 1994, 1995:5.56

Ohio, Dec. 28, 1995, 1996:5.91

Ohio, March, 2000, 2001:5.76

Ohio, Jan, 2002, 2003:5.75

Ohio, Dec., 2003, 2004:5.68

Ohio, May, 2005, 2006:5.60

Ohio, Sept., 2007, 2008:5.60

Ohio, Jan., 2008, 2009:5.80

Ohio, March, 2008, 2009:5.79

Oklahoma, Feb. 1, 1991, 1992:4.68

Oklahoma, Aug. 31, 1991, 1992:4.69

Oklahoma, Sept. 21, 1993, 1994:5.100

Oklahoma, Nov. 20, 1994, 1995:5.62

Oklahoma, Sept., 2004, 2005:5.56

Oklahoma, March, 2005, 2006:5.60

Oklahoma, July, 2006, 2007:5.57

Pennsylvania, March 3, 1990, 1991:4.64

Pennsylvania, July 30, 1990, 1991:4.66

Pennsylvania, Feb. 14, 1991, 1992:4.67

Pennsylvania, Dec. 14, 1991, 1992:4.69

Pennsylvania, March 13, 1992, 1993:5.62

Pennsylvania, July 24, 1992, 1993:5.62

Pennsylvania, Oct. 2, 1992, 1993:5.64

Pennsylvania, Dec. 5, 1992, 1993:5.62

Pennsylvania, July 25, 1993, 1994:5.97

Pennsylvania, April 6, 1994, 1995:5.59

Pennsylvania, Oct. 21, 1994, 1995:5.60

Pennsylvania, Dec. 23, 1994, 1995:5.58

Pennsylvania, Feb. 12, 1995, 1996:5.92

Pennsylvania, May 24, 1997, 1998:5.49

Pennsylvania, Oct. 24, 1997, 1998:5.50

Pennsylvania, Mar. 22, 1998, 1999:5.50

Pennsylvania, Feb., 2002, 2003:5.75

Pennsylvania, Dec., 2002, 2003:5.75

Pennsylvania, Oct., 2003, 2004:5.68

Pennsylvania, Nov., 2003, 2004:5.70

Pennsylvania, Oct., 2004, 2005:5.57

Pennsylvania, Feb., 2007, 2008:5.58, 59

Pennsylvania, June, 2007, 2008:5.59

Pennsylvania, April, 2008, 2009:5.79

Pennsylvania, Dec., 2008, 2009:5.80

South Carolina, Nov. 7, 1992, 1993:5.64

South Carolina, May 23, 1993, 1994:5.96

South Carolina, Nov. 13, 1993, 1994:5.102

South Dakota, May 8, 1990, 1991:4.66

Tennessee, March 9, 1991, 1992:4.67

Tennessee, March 31, 1992, 1993:5.62

Tennessee, Apr. 13, 1996, 1997:5.49

Tennessee, Oct. 5, 1999, 2000:5.58

Tennessee, Dec., 2000, 2001:5.77

Tennessee, Jan., 2003, 2004:5.69

Tennessee, Nov., 2005, 2006:5.61

Tennessee, March, 2006, 2007:5.57

Tennessee, Aug., 2008, 2009:5.80

Texas, Oct. 7, 1991, 1992:4.68

Texas, Feb. 2, 1995, 1996:5.92

Texas, July 22, 1995, 1996:5.92

Texas, Oct. 21, 1995, 1996:5.93

Texas, Oct. 26, 1998, 1999:5.53

Texas, July, 2000, 2001:5.76

Utah, Nov. 18, 1992, 1993:5.64

Vermont, Dec., 2005, 2006:5.62

Virginia, Sept. 10, 1995, 1996:5.99

Virginia, Jan. 20, 1996, 1997:5.50

Virginia, May 15, 1996, 1997:5.50

Virginia, July 8, 1996, 1997:5.51

Virginia, Nov. 19, 1997, 1998:5.46

Virginia, Dec. 25, 1998, 1999:5.51

Virginia, May, 2004, 2005:5.58

Washington, Dec. 17, 1992, 1993:5.66

Washington, Apr. 7, 1995, 1996:5.91

Washington, May 31, 1996, 1997:5.49

Washington, D. C., Jan. 7, 1993, 1994:5.97

West Virginia, March 7, 1993, 1994:5.96

West Virginia, Nov. 21, 1997, 1998:5.50

West Virginia, Jan., 2009, 2010:5.64

Wisconsin, March 13, 1990, 1991:4.66

Wisconsin, May 10, 1990, 1991:4.65

Wisconsin, Oct. 4, 1990, 1991:4.66

Wisconsin, April 22, 1991, 1992:4.68

Wisconsin, Feb. 28, 1996, 1997:5.49

Wisconsin, March 10, 1996, 1997:5.50

Wisconsin, Nov. 1, 1998, 1999:5.53

Wisconsin, July 10, 1999, 2000:5.58

DWELLING-UNDER-CONSTRUCTION FIRES

California, 1993, 1994:3.27

California, 2007, 2008:5.26

New Hampshire, Feb. 26, 1990, 1991:4.68

West Virginia, April, 2006, 2007:5.60

Colorado, 2004, 3.28, 2005:6.19

Delaware, Oct., 2000, 2001:6.63

Illinois, 1990, 1991:3.27

Maine, 2008, 2009:1.21

Massachusetts, 1994, 1995:1.34

Pennsylvania, 1995, 1996:6.23

DWELLING-UNDER-RENOVATION FIRES

California, 1999, 2000:3.36

Catastrophic, Arkansas, June 18, 1993, 1994:5.104

New York, Dec. 18, 1999, 2000:6.93

Tennessee, 2008, 2008:3.21

Texas, 2003, 2004:4.16

Washington, 2000, 2001:1.20

DWELLING, VACANT, FIRES. See VACANT BUILDING FIRES

EARTHQUAKES AND SUBSEQUENT FIRES

2008 Olympics Bird's Nest venue incorporates performance-based design to provide fire and earthquake safety, 2008:2.44

Earthquake kits for home and car, 1995:3.55

How to react to quake, 1995:3.64

Japan, July 12, 1993, 1994:3.89

Methodology to deter and mitigate risk of earthquake-caused fires, 1994:3.82

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, earthquake provisions endorsed in International Building Code amendment cycle, 2007:4.32

NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems, includes revised earthquake protection standards, 2000:4.72

NFPA 5000, NFPA Building Code™, references best guidelines for natural disasters, 2001:4.42

Northridge, Calif., Jan. 17, 1994, 1995:3.52

Palace Hotel fire, San Francisco, Calif., 1906, 2000:4.70

San Francisco, Calif., Oct. 17, 1989, 1994:3.88

Seismic protection for sprinkler systems, 2005:1.58

EDITORIALS. See also FIRST WORD COLUMNS

Agreement for single model fire code is blueprint for progress, 1997:3.10

Back to fire safety basics, 1993:5.4

Call for consensus on NFPA standards, 1993:2.4

Cast a vote for fire safety, 1992:6.4

Children's sleepwear regulations threatened by proposed amendments, 1995:5.6

Connections, 1992:5.4

Constructive criticism from members keeps NFPA on toes, 1998:2.6

CPSC amendment of children's sleepwear standard opposed, 1996:4.6

Dedication to fire safety can save lives, 1997:1.8

Defining NFPA's mission for year 2000, 1994:5.4

Federal government as partner in code/standard development, 1996:6.6

Fire protection's future, 1992:1.4

Fire safe design for high-rise buildings, 1993:6.4

Fire safety: tough challenges, great rewards, 1994:1.4

Fire safety implications of home security systems, 1994:3.4

Fire safety knowledge is power, 1995:1.6

Firefighter fatalities, prevention of, 1991:4.4

Fireworks are too risky for amateurs, 2000:4.6

High technology's value for fire protection, 1992:2.4

Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition supports residential sprinklers, 1997:2.8

Homeowner responsibility for wildfire protection efforts, 1994:2.4

HUD turns to NFPA to update manufactured housing safety standards, 1998:6.6

Ignition-resistant cigarette legislation needs member support, 1999:4.6

Imagining more fire safety achievements, 1996:3.6

National Electrical Code celebrates 100th anniversary, 1995:3.6

National Fire-Incident Reporting System provides important data, 1995:2.6

National model building code, 1996:1.6

New Latin American Section part of NFPA's international outreach, 1997:5.8

NFPA, IAPMO to develop codes and standards for built environment, 1999:6.6

NFPA, International Code Council (ICC) end agreement to develop one U. S. fire code, 1998:3.8

NFPA, leading the way on codes and standards, 1991:6.4

NFPA, the old and the new, 1991:2.5

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code uses performance-based approach, 2000:1.6

NFPA 1710, Organization Deployment of Fire Suppression and NFPA 1720, Volunteer Fire Service Deployment focus on firefighter safety, 2000:5.6

NFPA commitment to Learn Not to Burn programs, 1993:4.4

NFPA develops long-range plan, 1993:3.4

NFPA enters the new millennium, 1999:1.6

NFPA faces stiff competition on international acceptance of codes, standards, 1997:4.8

NFPA has made great strides in developing consensus codes, 2000:6.6

NFPA joins fight against smoking, 1994:4.4

NFPA must balance tradition, transition, 1994:6.4

NFPA needs to educate people on home sprinkler system benefits, 1999:2.6

NFPA opposes any use of fireworks by consumers, 1999:3.8

NFPA responds to demands of global community, 1995:4.6

NFPA service to members, 1991:1.5

NFPA to develop Consensus Codes set, 2000:3.8

NFPA's new president, George D. Miller, 1992:3.4

NFPA's second century of service, 1996:2.6

NFPA's sense of mission, 1991:5.4

Partnerships between NFPA and others aid fire/life safety, 1999:5.6

A plumber's nightmare, 1992:4.4

Protecting NFPA copyrights and trademarks protects the NFPA's mission, 1998:4.6

Renewing our commitment to fire safety, 1993:1.4

Residential sprinkler systems need promotion to contractors, homeowners, 2000:2.6

Risk Watch, critical to child safety, deserves support, 1998:5.6

Risk Watch program addresses child safety issues, 1998:1.8

Sparky campaign and community fire safety, 1996:5.6

Using new ideas for fire safety, 1991:3.5

Values of publicity, perseverance in spreading NFPA message, 1997:6.8

EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCIES

Code enforcement keeps life loss low in educational occupancy fires, 2003:5.32

Fire alarm systems requirements, 2003:5.36

Pre-incident planning should emphasize life-safety tactics, 2010:5.40

EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCY FIRES. See also COLLEGE BUILDING FIRES; SCHOOL FIRES

Day care center, Alabama, Jan. 11, 1999, 2000:5.59

EGRESS. See also DOORS; EVACUATION; EXITS

Blocked by furniture, stored goods in catastrophic fire, 1995:5.53

Building performance to foster correct occupant egress behavior, 1993:3.62

Building site plan needs exit discharge from exit to public way, 1998:5.22

Catastrophic fire victims took wrong turn in escape attempt, 1998:5.49

Disabilities, evacuation plans for people with, 2005:2.54

Elevators as means of egress, 1996:1.30

Establishing alternative egress/access paths at structural fire incidents, 2004:5.28

Evaluating occupant load for egress, 1994:1.14

Exit access, exterior exits, and exit discharge must be clear of obstructions, 1998:6.28

Inadequate, factor in fatal fire, 1992:6.77, 1993:1.29, 1993:2.44

Limited from second floor, factor in large-loss-of-life club fire, 1991:4.67

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, addresses egress path design issues, 2001:5.36

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, addresses three egress distance issues, 2008:6.30

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Life Safety Code egress standards compared, 1993:5.45

Office building space rearrangement can affect egress, 2002:2.36

ELDERLY. See also ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES; HOUSING FOR ELDERLY FIRES

Fire deaths of elderly

Attempt to extinguish fire, 2005:5.26

Board and care facility fire, 1997:1.27

Candle ignites combustibles, 1999:6.19

Careless use of cigar as cause, 1998:5.15

Careless use of cigarette as cause, 1998:1.23, 1999:3.48, 1999:6.18, 2000:3.36, 2001:3.32, 2008:4.23, 2010:3.36, 6.24

Careless use of smoking materials as cause, 2006:1.18

Causes and prevention, 1991:2.36

Clothing fire, 1996:3.39, 1997:1.25, 1998:2.16, 3.38, 1999:1.17, 1999:3.48, 1999:6.17, 2008:2.23, 2010:2.24

Electric space heater, dwelling fire, 2006:2.28

Electrical light fixture malfunction, 2010:1.20

Escape slowed by age, dwelling fire, 2001:4.24

Faulty home repairs by homeowner, 1999:3.48

Furnace malfunction ignites dwelling fire, 2008:5.29

Heating system problem ignites dwelling fire, 2010:2.25

Kerosene fire, 1999:1.17, 2010:1.23

Leaking propane ignites, use of propane system as issue, 2004:5.14

LP-Gas explosion and fire, 1999:1.18

Man dies rescuing wife from fire, 1999:1.18

Oxygen machine use, 2000:3.36, 2001:3.32

Paper/trash being burned in fireplace ignites apartment fire, 2009:6.24

Pot, unattended, ignites fire, 2008:4.22

Pot melts, ignites fire, 2010:1:24

Risk of fatalities higher for elderly, 1997:1.44

Statistics, 1999:4.112

Walker catches, opens gas valve, 2004:4.16

Fire department and elderly agencies focus on seniors' fire safety, 1994:3.13

Fire risk to elderly, statistics, 1996:2.104

Home fire death risk higher for elderly according to NFPA report, 2010:3.23

NFPA joins other organizations to aid emergency preparedness of older Americans, 2006:6.11

Remembering When™ curriculum (See FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION)

Senior fire safety with Jonathan Winters, 1991:2.44

Smoke alarm signals to reduce older adult fire deaths, 2006:5.26

Smoke-alarm waking effectiveness among children and elderly research by U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2003:4.44

ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS

Bruce Power, Ontario, Canada, applies fire protection advances and NFPA 805 to plant design, 2003:3.90

NFPA 805, Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light Water Reactor Electric Generating Plants, fall meeting review, 2000:5.91

ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANT FIRES. See also NUCLEAR ENERGY PLANT FIRES; POWER PLANT FIRES

Alabama, Nov., 1991, 1992:6.76

Alabama, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

Arkansas, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.92

California, Jan. 10, 1990, 1991:6.76

California, Oct., 1993, 1994:6.92

California, 1998, 1999:4.22

California, March, 2003, 2004:6.56

Colorado, Oct., 2007, 2008:5.60

Indiana, Oct. 5, 1992, 1993:5.67

Kansas, Nov. 24, 1997, 1998:5.54

New Jersey, Dec. 25, 1992, 1993:5.67

Florida, July, 1992, 1993:6.82

Florida, Aug., 1995, 1996:6.72

Florida, June 30, 1997, 1998:6.91

Georgia, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

Hawaii, Jan., 2004, 2005:6.49

Illinois, April, 1994, 1995:6.102

Illinois, Nov., 1994, 1995:6.100

Illinois, Dec. 18, 1996, 1997:6.58

Illinois, 1998, 1999:6.95

Illinois, Nov., 2007, 2008:6.44

Indiana, July, 1998, 1999:6.95

Kansas, Aug., 2000, 2001:6.64

Massachusetts, Oct., 2003, 2003:6.80

Michigan, Apr. 26, 1996, 1997:6.59

Michigan, Oct., 2003, 2004:6.56

Missouri, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

Montana, substation, July, 1998, 1999:6.95

New Jersey, Dec. 25, 1992, 1993:2.44, 1993:6.82

New York, May, 1992, 1993:6.82

New York, March, 1993, 1994:6.91

Ohio, Nov., 2005, 2006:6.75

Pennsylvania, July, 2002, 2003:6.79

South Carolina, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.100

Tennessee, Sept., 2002, 2003:6.79

Virginia, April, 2000, 2001:6.64

Virginia, Nov., 2003, 2004:6.57

Virginia, Jan., 2006, 2007:6.83

ELECTRIC MOTORS

Motor and motor-controller disconnect requirements, 1995:4.42

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Electrical room fire protection and enclosure requirements, 2008:5.38

Emergency lighting, Life Safety Code® requirements, 2005:6.28

Home electrical fires, report on, 2009:3.130

Home kitchen equipment, not including cooking equipment, fires, 2005, NFPA report, 2008:5.18

NFPA 110, Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2010 changes, 2009:3.87

NFPA 111, Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2010 changes, 2009:3.87

Vehicles (See VEHICLES)

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FIRES. See also HEATING-AND-COOKING EQUIPMENT FIRES

Air-compressor ignites lubricating oil, 1992:6.79

Air-compressor malfunction, oil in unit ignites, 2010:3.43

Air conditioner

Aftermarket plug/cord connection arcs, 2007:5.29

Cord arcs, ignites combustibles, 2007:5.29

Cord short-circuits, ignites wood structural members, 2008:5.58

Fan frozen, factor in fatal fire, 2004:3.20

Malfunction causes fatal fire, 1998:4.20

Power cord possibly ignites mattress, 2000:4.19

Short circuit or arc ignites plastic housing, 2004:3.22

Unit malfunctions, ignites plastic window blinds, 1999:4.21

Wiring overheats, ignites seal, 2004:4.17

Air-handling door conduit box bearing, 2010:3.42

Air-handling unit coils ignite filter, 2009:6.27

Appliance ignites gas from broken riser, 2003:6.81

Aquarium operating equipment malfunctions, ignites equipment, 2010:2.27

Arc welding sparks ignite stored carpet pads, 1993:1.26

Audio equipment malfunctions, ignites housing, 1996:5.93

Battery charger ignites clothing, 2002:5.82

Battery charger malfunctions, ignites rack storage system pallets, 2010:2.26

Bearing box overheats on conveyor belt, ignites chaff and dust, 1993:6.83

Blower motor ignites, motor supports fail, 1999:5.21

Boat electrical system ignites gasoline, 1991:4.31

Book binding machine overheats, ignites glue, 1993:4.27

Cell phone in charging unit ignites toy, 2004:4.17

Cellular telephone plugged into AC adapter explodes, 2006:6.23

Christmas tree, artificial, electrical components malfunction, ignite club fire, 2003:4.16

Christmas tree lights

Bulb blows, ignites tree, 1994:6.34

Improperly spliced, ignite tree, 1994:6.90

Resistance heating ignites tree, 2004:6.16

Short circuit, ignites dwelling fire, 2007:6.80

Short circuit, ignites tree, 1995:6.36

Accumulated lint ignites, 2004:5.14

Arcs, ignites lint, 2001:5.24

Clothing ignited by heating element, 2008:3.26

Clothing in dryer ignites, 2003:2.22

On cold porch, continual operation ignites lint, 2006:6.24

Feed cable in contact with appliance housing, arcs, ignites fire, 1999:1.17

Heat ignites lint in exhaust duct, 1993:3.36, 2002:5.20, 2008:2.30

Heat ignites oily mops in dryer, 2001:5.26

Ignites nursing home fire, 1996:2.25

Improperly vented, heat source ignites lint, 2000:5.59

Laundry room fire ignited by, 2010:6.25

Malfunction prevents heating element from cooling, 2000:1.19

Motor malfunction overheats, ignites clothing, carpet, 2006:5.28

Motor malfunctions, ignites wiring insulation, 2009:3.39

Overloaded, ignites clothing in and near dryer, 2007:6.20

Power cord short circuits at splice, ignites combustibles, 2001:5.75

Clothes iron, unattended, ignites wooden table, other combustibles, 1996:5.26

Cord shorts, ignites wall covering, 1997:2.22

Defective, ignites stored materials, 1997:4.21

Malfunctions, ignites cabinets, 2001:1.21

Coffeepot ignites paper products, 1992:2.25

Compressor malfunctions, overheats, ignites wood construction, 1997:3.29

Cooler/freezer controls malfunction, ignite restaurant fire, 1996:3.35

Cooling unit overheats, ignites insulation, 1999:6.90

Cord (See also subhead: Extension cord)

Appliance, damaged, ignites carpet, combustibles, 2009:4.18

Appliance, damaged, ignites cord insulation, 2000:2.21

Appliance, damaged, ignites wall covering, 2010:4.24

Appliance, pinched, ignites bedding, 2006:2.26, 28

Appliance, short circuits, ignites fire, 2005:1.16

Damaged, ignites carpet, 1994:5.28

Damaged, ignites dwelling fire, 2001:3.34

Damaged, ignites wooden cabinet, carpet, 2000:3.34

Fails, ignites bedding, 2005:6.18

Improperly modified, overheats, causes short circuit, 1995:5.60

Improperly spliced to air conditioner overheats, ignites combustibles, 1998:3.41

Of lamp, short-circuits, ignites sofa, 1999:2.23

Malfunctioning, ignites catastrophic fire, 2003:5.75

Overheats, ignites carpet, 1992:3.32

Overloaded, shorts, ignites sofa, 1997:3.29

Pinched, overloaded, ignites combustibles, 2002:1.20

Spliced to power heater, ignites carpet, 1999:6.19

Corn popper ignites wood paneling, 1994:5.95

Curling iron, left on, ignites counter, carpet, 1994:5.27

Dimmer switch, overloaded, ignites wall insulation, 1994:2.30

Dishwasher pump motor fails, ignites structural framing, 2009:5.24

Falls to floor, ignites gasoline puddle, 2001:5.78

Incandescent bulb ignites leaked fuel, 1997:6.23

Trash ignited by, 1991:2.31

Drying machine overheats, ignites pet food, 1994:3.29

Electric blanket heat degrades cord, 2010:6.26

Electrical component in sauna unit short-circuits, ignites wood partitions, 1993:6.79

Electrical equipment malfunctions, ignites manufactured wood products, 2009:5.27

Electrical service equipment failure, explosion ignites furniture, 2002:5.22

Elevator transformer overheats, ignites oil, 1996:5.26

Emergency light ignites stored clothing, 1992:2.27

Energized device on boat ignites combustibles, 2003:6.78

Arcs, ignites bedding, 2006:4.26

Damaged by cabinet, ignites carpet, 2004:2.18

Damaged by chair, overloaded, ignites chair, sofa, 2007:5.58

Damaged by forklift traffic, ignites spilled glue, 1998:4.20

Damaged by stored spools, arcs, ignites spools, boxes, 2003:6.16

Defective, ignites Christmas tree, 1992:6.28

Electrical fault ignites stored combustibles, paneling, 1997:5.50

Failed, ignites carpeting, 1995:6.37

Failed, ignites combustibles, 1996:5.92

Fire in area of, 2005:2.18

Ignites Christmas tree, 2006:6.20

Ignites clothes, chair, 2000:5.58

Joined to heater cord, overheats, ignites living room contents, 1994:5.96

Overheats, ignites cardboard combustibles, 1997:4.22

Overheats, ignites catastrophic fire, 2003:5.75

Overheats, ignites combustibles, 2010:5.30

Overheats, ignites fatal fire, 2008:2.26, 2010:1.24

Overheats, ignites plastic garland, 1994:6.35

Overheats, ignites wooden box, firewood, 2007:4.28

Short circuits, breaks, ignites packaging material, 2007:3.23

Short circuits, ignites couch, 2004:5.18, 2007:5.58

Spliced together, run under carpet, ignite fatal fire, 2004:3.20

Used for space heater, creates high-resistance fault, ignites combustibles, 1998:5.46

Extension cord, overloaded

Carpeting ignited by, 1992:4.67, 2003:1.14

Christmas tree ignited by, 1993:5.64, 1994:6.33

Clothing, toys ignited by, 1997:5.51

Combustibles ignited by, 1996:5.93, 1998:4.19, 2002:6.22

Curtains ignited by, 1996:5.92

Door frame ignited by, 1991:4.65

Fabric ignited by, 1991:4.26

Fire ignited by, 1992:4.69

Possible fire cause, 1998:5.18

Shorts or arcs, ignites combustibles, 1997:5.51

Exterior lights

Combustible exterior sidewall ignited by, 1993:1.25

Fixture possible manufacturing plant fire cause, 2003:4.16

Fixture used inside ignites carpet, flooring, 1997:6.22

Short circuit ignites roofing material, 2001:2.20

Attic, ignites concentrated fumes, 2003:6.79

Ceiling, overheats, motor ignites dust and fan cover, 2009:3.45

Ceiling, wiring dislodged, arced, ignites stored paper, 2002:4.18

Ceiling exhaust fan, possible fire cause, 2005:2.28

Improperly wired, causes grounding through ducts, ignites wood, 1995:5.35

Light motor short circuit, possible fire cause, 2001:2.23

Malfunctions, ignites carpeting and chair, 2006:4.27

Malfunctions, ignites dry wood, 1995:6.99

Malfunctions, ignites dust, 1996:5.23

Motor overheats, ignites plastic trim, 1995:5.33

Short circuit ignites grease, 1995:6.106

Short circuit ignites wood framing, 1991:6.25

Worn bearings freeze fan, wiring overheats, 2005:5.26

Cold air balloon ignited by, 1994:6.35

Paint tarpaulins ignited by, 1994:4.30

Fluorescent light ballasts

Arcs, ignites insulation, 2003:2.24

Foam insulation ignited by, 1992:1.26

Overheats, ignites ceiling tiles, 1996:5.25

Overheats, ignites fabric lint, 1997:3.33

Overheats, ignites stored film and paper, 2006:6.73

Overheats, ignites structural members, 1993:2.22

Short circuit ignites storeroom, 2006:6.73

Wood framing ignited by, 1995:2.32

Fluorescent light fixtures

Malfunction ignites paint spray booth, 2001:3.36

Malfunction ignites wall paneling, 2010:1.20

Melts, ignites boxes, 2004:1.16

Sparks ignite fire, 2000:6.85

Cardboard ignited by, 1991:2.30

Portable, safe use of, 2000:2.96, 2006:6.16

Glue gun ignites fireworks factory fire, 1991:4.30

Gondola motor overheats, ignites carbon brushes, 1994:3.28

Unattended, ignites combustibles, 2000:2.22

Wood and dust ignited by, 1999:5.21

Wood on roof ignited by, 2009:3.42

Malfunctions, ignites PVC piping, 1993:1.28

Structural members ignited by, 1991:5.28

Wood eaves ignited by, 1992:1.23

Heating blanket short-circuits, ignites, 1994:3.30

Heating element ignites dip tank, 1994:6.36

Heating pad overheats, ignites chair, 2009:5.26

Home kitchen equipment, not including cooking equipment, fires, 2005, NFPA report, 2008:5.18

Hot tub malfunctions, ignites spa, wall, curtains, 1996:3.36

Arcs, ignites combustibles, 2005:5.59

Cloth ignited by, 1991:4.25, 26

Clothing draped on lamp ignited, 1994:6.33, 2003:5.16

Cord short-circuits, ignites sofa, 1999:2.23

Cord short-circuits, ignites sofa and curtains, 2003:1.15

Halide, explodes, ignites cardboard, 1998:6.87

Halogen, ignites curtains, 1998:1.23, 2003:6.14

Halogen, ignites fatal dwelling fire, 2000:1.20

Heat, ignites straw, feed, 2004:6.21

Heat, ignites wood lining of boat engine room, 1991:6.26

Knocked over, ignites carpet in fatal fire, 1998:2.16

Light, for automobile repair, breaks, ignites vapors, 2000:5.23

Light, portable, ignites flammable liquid, 1991:2.30

Explodes, ignites combustibles, 1991:5.25

Halide bulb, broken, ignites stored paper, 2003:6.77

Mop ignited by, 1993:2.20

Arc ignites bedding, 2006:4.28

Arc ignites fire, 1995:5.54

Arc ignites stage curtain, 2005:1.14

Backdrop ignited by, 2002:6.22

Ballast sparks store display window fire, 2008:1.22

Cardboard boxes ignited by, 1999:6.94

Fluorescent (See subheading: Fluorescent light fixtures)

Halogen light ignites walnut dust at movie set, 2005:6.49

Halogen lighting connection fails, ignites combustibles, 2003:5.14

Mercury vapor fixture ignites stored mattresses, 1995:4.39

Recessed lighting short ignites ceiling, 2010:5.63

Short circuit, ignites combustibles, 2007:6.82

Sodium fixture hit by forklift, hot pieces ignite cardboard boxes, 1999:6.90

Sparks ignite cardboard and plastic materials, 2007:6.78

Stored combustibles ignited by, 1996:6.68, 2009:3.44

Stored foam products ignited by, 1998:1.25

Stored paper ignited by, 1994:6.94

Structural members ignited by, 2000:6.93

Track lighting ignites cardboard boxes in window display, 2010:5.35

Lights, decorative, ignite Christmas tree, 1991:6.24, 2008:2:24

Lights, decorative, short circuit, ignite combustibles, wood paneling, 2007:5.60

Lights, temporary, fall onto plastic container, ignite cover, 2004:3.18

Lights, temporary, ignite building-under-renovation fire, 2005:6.45

Mixer cord pulled from receptacle, arcs, ignites lint, 1997:3.33

Motor and wiring malfunction ignites combustibles, 2001:2.24

Motor malfunctions, overheats, ignites leaked oil, 1997:3.33

Motor on pump and augur malfunctions, ignites fire in basement, 2008:6.42

Malfunctions, ignites fire in wall void, 2004:4.19

Short circuits, ignites siding, 2000:5.23

Office equipment malfunctions, ignites combustibles, 2003:1.14

Arcs, ignites bed, 1998:5.45

Malfunctions, ignites fatal dwelling fire, 2007:4.24

Overheated, ignites manufacturing plant fire, 1997:6.52

Packaging machine malfunctions, ignites combustible materials, 1993:6.29

Arcs, ignites combustibles, 2010:4.25

Damaged, ignites boat fire, 2003:3.20

Malfunctions, ignites bench, computers, 1999:2.25

Overheated, ignites combustibles, 2005:6.45

Overheated, ignites couch, window treatments, 2004:5.68

Overloaded, arcs, ignites fire, 2002:1.19

Overloaded, covered by blankets, ignites combustibles, 2009:4.20

Overloaded, ignites fire, 2010:4.28

Overloaded, melts plastic wires, ignites carpet, combustibles, 2001:6.21

Overloaded, overheats cord, ignites cabinets, 2001:6.23

Power transfer equipment fire, electric generating plant, 1997:6.59

Production equipment malfunctions, ignites combustibles, 1995:6.107

Pump arcs, ignites fuel, 1994:5.106, 1994:6.98

Quartz lighting ignites oil, 1994:6.94

Cabinet ignited by, 1992:6.29

Short-circuits, ignites rugs, curtains, newspapers, 1994:1.31

Cord short circuits, ignites fire, 2005:1.16

Malfunction, possible fire cause, 1999:2.25, 2002:5.22

Motor overheats, ignite combustibles, 2007:5.57

Motor overheats, ignite wire insulation, 2006:6.73

Motor seizes, ignites, 2003:2.24

Wood paneling, counter top ignited by, 1992:6.31

Soda machine motor malfunctions, overheats, ignites insulation, 2003:3.14

Soldering gun ignites oil on cord, 1993:5.37

Soldering iron ignites oil-, shellac-soaked workbench, 2007:4.24

Sound equipment malfunction possible fire cause, 2002:2.26

Spotlight ignites wood shingles, 1997:1.27

Surge protector malfunctions, ignites combustibles, wood paneling, 1998:5.45

Surgical cauterizing pen ignites sterile drapes, 1998:5.17

Toaster, fire started in, 1998:6.90

Unspecified equipment failure produced heat, ignites combustibles in basement, 1998:5.49

UPS systems, fighting fires in, 1994:5.33

Vacuum cleaner ignites gasoline vapors, 1992:5.28

Waffle iron ignites workbench, 1991:3.25

Wall receptacle malfunctions, ignites bed and bedding, 1994:2.28

Waste-handling machine overheats, ignites fiber residue, 1992:5.30

ELECTRICAL FIRES

Bus bar malfunctions, ignites hotel fire, 1994:2.29

Capacitator discharges, spark ignites varnish in dip tank, 1997:6.52

Catastrophic fire cause, 2002:5.82

Circuit breaker fails to operate in response to overload, 2009:4.18

Circuit overload

Room contents ignited by, 1999:5.55

School fire ignited by, 1998:1.21

Penetrated by screw, ignites fire, 1995:6.99

In wall void ignites wood siding, 1994:5.28

Control panel box, possible fire source, 1999:6.95

Cord cap, incompletely inserted in receptacle, exposed blades energize metallic drapes, 1999:3.44

Distribution line arcs, ignites grass fire, 1997:6.59

Arc sparks fatal explosion, 2005:6.22

Arcs, ignites wood cage, combustibles, 1997:6.22

Box and entrance meter, fire began at, 1999:5.51

Box line fault ignites wood frame, 2001:5.22

Damaged by roof collapse, arcs, ignites combustibles, 1997:1.28

Main distribution panel fire damages cable insulation, items in room, 2010:5.35

Malfunction ignites laundry room fire, 2005:5.58

Malfunction ignites warehouse fire, 2001:6.62, 2008:6.45

System not adequately grounded, overheats, ignites wood sheathing, 2004:6.16

480-volt line arc ignites fatal fire, 1999:2.26

Cable tray ignites dust and cable insulation, 1999:6.95

Caused by water in electrical system, ignites ceiling tiles, 1997:6.49

In computer monitor ignites computer housing, 2006:1.20

In conduit, ignites mineral oil, 2004:6.56

Conduit/busway contact ignites stored combustibles, 1998:6.24

Electrical system arc ignites unknown items, 2007:5.57

Energizes metal siding, hampers fire service operations, 2001:5.26

Fault-circuit interrupter requirement for bedrooms targets residential fires, 2000:2.69

Flammable gas ignited by, 1992:6.28

Gasoline ignited by, 2007:4.21

Ground fault created by switch, 1998:5.54

Ground vegetation ignited by, 2007:6.81

Hydrogen ignited by, 1995:6.102

Junction box arc ignites ceiling joist, 2010:4.26

Lacquer thinner came in contact with electrical outlet, 2000:6.92

Lint ignited by, 1999:6.94

Sawdust ignited by, 1999:6.90

Structural framing ignited by, 2007:2.22

Wall switch arcs, ignites stored linen, 2006:3.32

Wiring splice, arc from, onto metal raceway melts slag, 2000:3.32

Wood floor joist ignited by, 1999:5.52

Electrical cable to recharge batteries overheats, ignites foam insulation, 2000:6.94

Electrical failure causes fire, 1993:1.26

Electrical failure during blackout ignites blast furnace fire, 2004:6.52

Electrical heat source ignites stored clothing, 2000:6.91

Electrical malfunction, probable board and care facility fire cause, 2007:5.60

Electrical malfunction ignites lint, shopping mall fire cause, 2009:5.28

Electrical malfunction ignites theater fire, 2009:1.17

Electrical malfunction ignites wood structural members, 2009:6.84

Electrical service circuit protection fails, arcing ignites cable insulation, 1992:6.78

Electrical system failure ignites ceiling, 1994:6.95

Exterior-mounted box, fire started in, 2004:6.17

Fault ignites combustibles, 2009:1.23

Fault in control cable causes generating plant fire, 1995:6.100

Fault in transformer vault ignites generating station, 1994:6.91

Forklift control arcs, ignites pentane, 1991:6.26

Friction sparks ignite nylon fluff and oil, 1993:6.82

Fuses with incorrect current rating, excessive overcurrent protection, ignite fire, 1999:4.20

Ground, absence of, key element in fire, 1995:5.35

Ground fault arc and explosion ignites fire, 1992:6.78

Heat trace cable ignites wood framing, 1996:6.24

High-power electrical line hit by construction equipment, arcs, ignites tree, brush, 2001:6.63

High-voltage box malfunctions, burns plastic insulation, 1996:3.40

Home electrical fires, report on, 2009:3.130

Improper electrical alteration, catastrophic fire cause, 2001:5.75

Improper electrical alteration, fatal fire cause, 2001:5.75

Junction box, fire in area of, 2004:3.22

Junction box fault ignites wood paneling, 1997:5.50

Light switch with poor connection overheats, ignites combustibles, 2000:3.38

On/off switch malfunctions, probable fire cause, 1991:1.30

Outlet, duplex, malfunctions, ignites combustibles, wooden walls, 2000:1.21

Outlet on workbench malfunctions, ignites manufacturing plant fire, 1999:6.91

Downed, arcs, electrocutes fire fighter, 1997:4.57

Downed, hampers fire service operations, 2008:6.44

Downed, ignites grass, 2007:5.62, 6.80

Downed, ignites wildland fire, 2008:6.43

Downed, ignites wildland/urban interface fire, 2008:6.43

Downed cross arm arcs, sparks, ignites grass, 2007:6.81

High-voltage line arcs, ignites bus, 1992:4.26

Short circuit, arcing, ignite dry vegetation, 1991:6.74

Power supply to machinery malfunctions, ignites rolled paper, 1996:6.62

Arcs, ignites bedding, 1997:5.52

Catastrophic fire originated at, spread to paneling, 2004:5.68

Fire started in or near, 2009:4.19

Improper wiring overheats, ignites combustibles, 2009:4.20

Overloaded, arcs, ignites decorative materials, 1999:5.22

Wiring overheats, wire insulation fails, 1998:3.38

Residential fires, causes of, 2000:2.70

Service cable, damaged, ignites structural members, 1996:5.93

In air conditioner cord ignites wood structural members, 2008:5.58

In appliance ignites fabric, 1998:6.92

Arc ignites mine fire, 1992:6.77

Arcing from power lines, ignites dry vegetation, 1991:6.74

Automobile fire possibly ignited by, 1995:2.31

Barn fire ignited by, 1996:2.25

In battery ignites subway car, 1991:4.31

In battery ignites truck, shed, 1992:6.26

In breaker box ignites fire, 2000:5.57

Burns hole in conduit, ignites rafters, 1994:4.31

In ceiling above audiovisual room, 2006:6.74

Combustibles ignited by, 2008:5.57

Created by switch, 1998:5.54

Cubicle walls, materials on, ignited by, 2003:6.15

In dryer motor ignites sawdust, 1993:6.83

In dumbwaiter wiring ignites fire, 2006:4.28

In electric raceway ignites counter, 1993:1.26

In electrical cord ignites sofa, 1997:3.29

In extension cord, breaks, ignites packaging material, 2007:3.23

In extension cord, ignites couch, 2007:5.58

In extension cord ignites Christmas tree, 1992:6.28

In extension cord ignites van fire, 1993:1.28

In fan ignites grease, 1995:6.106

In fan ignites wood framing, 1991:6.25

In fixed wiring ignites structural members, ceiling, floor, 1993:1.27

In freezer cord ignites stored paper products, 1998:6.21

In heat tape ignites insulation, 2001:4.20

Ignites fatal dwelling fire, 2007:6.18

Ignites plastic toys in store fire, 2007:2.17

In junction box ignites stored goods, 1993:4.26

In lamp cord ignites sofa, 1993:6.28

Light ballast material ignited by, 1991:3.29

In light fixture ignites combustibles, 2007:6.82

In lighting, sound equipment ignites fire, 1992:6.25

In lights ignites Christmas tree, 1993:6.28, 1995:6.36

In lights ignites combustibles, wood paneling, 2007:5.60

In lights ignites dwelling fire, 2007:6.80

In line ignites underground electrical vault, 1991:4.69

In low-voltage wiring ignites beams, 1996:1.24

In neon sign ignites mixed-use building, 1993:6.81

Plywood wall ignited by, 1995:6.107

In refrigerator cord ignites dwelling fire, 2005:1.16

School fire ignited by, 1998:1.21

In sign wiring ignites hotel facade, 1998:5.16

In switchgear area ignites flammable gas, 2006:6.75

In typewriter ignites plastic housing, 1991:5.25

Wall covering ignited by, 1998:6.92

In wall outlet, ignites catastrophic fire, 2003:5.75

In wall receptacle ignites wall paneling, 1993:5.62

In wiring ignites artificial Christmas tree, 1993:6.28

In wiring ignites structure, 2006:6.24

In wiring ignites synthetic fabric dust, 1998:6.84

Wood framing ignited by, 1993:6.30, 1997:5.49

Wood structural members ignited by, 2004:6.55, 56

Wooden wharf parts ignited by, 1999:6.96

Sparks, caused by (See SPARKS)

Static electricity ignites naptha, tank fire, 2008:4.25

Static electricity ignites paint, 1993:5.38

Temporary electrical system malfunctions, ignites fire, 1998:6.24

Arcs, ignites oil, 1994:6.92

Equipment short-circuited by water leak into busway, 1999:2.24

Failure ignites substation fire, 2004:6.56

Fault leads to explosion, ignites mineral oil, 2004:6.57

Malfunctions, ignites building overhang, 2006:1.20

Malfunctions, ignites components of unit, 2010:1.27

Underground feed lines

Damaged by underground digging, resulting wiring fault ignites framing, 2010:1.25

Penetrated by augur, cause short circuit, 1995:6.100

Uninterrupted power supply unit ignites fire, 1995:2.30

Arcs, ignites structural framing, 2009:5.26

Arcs as power is restored after fire, ignites second fire, 1997:6.54

Cloth-covered, malfunctions, ignites wood framing, 1995:5.62

Connections corrode, arc, ignite framing, 1997:3.30

Defective, ignites fire, 1993:2.22

Exposed, ignites leaking gasoline, 2002:4.18

Fault in, ignites framing, 1997:5.23, 2005:4.18

Fault in, ignites stage and orchestra pit, 2006:4.29

Fault in, ignites wall paneling, 1996:5.93

Faulty, ignites fire, 2000:5.58

Fire ignited by, 1995:4.40

Grounds out on conduit, ignites soffit, 1998:6.86

Improperly altered, catastrophic fire cause, 2001:5.75

Inadequately sized, ignites wall, 1991:4.67

Installed incorrectly, heat nails, ignite joist, 1998:5.15

Installed incorrectly, ignites insulation, 1994:4.32

Insulation ignited by, 1994:4.29

Joist ignited by, 1992:3.34

Knob-and-tube wiring fails, ignites attic fire, 2006:2.24

Knob-and-tube wiring malfunction ignites wooden structural members, 2008:5.59

Malfunction, possible fire cause, 2007:4.25

Malfunction ignites fire, 1992:4.67, 2004:1.17

Malfunction ignites wood-frame members, 2007:5.31

Malfunction in concealed space ignites fire, 1995:5.56

Overheats, ignites structural wood, 1996:2.24, 2009:5.82

Overheats in concealed space, ignites structural framing, 1998:2.19

Overloaded, factor in catastrophic fire, 1997:5.51

Overloaded, ignites wood framing, 1995:5.56

Overloaded or damaged, ignites wood framing, 1993:5.64

Short-circuits, ignites insulation, 1994:3.27, 2009:5.25

Short-circuits, ignites laundry room fire, 2009:5.82

Short-circuits, ignites warehouse fire, 2007:6.77

Short-circuits, ignites wood framing, 1992:4.68

In storage area ignites fire, 1999:4.22

Systemic problem leads to arc or overheating, 2005:5.28

Transformer connection, incorrect, heats housing, ignites cardboard, 1998:4.22

U. S. cable/wire manufacturers promote NEC over IEC as European standard, 1998:4.64

Unsecured, in fuse panel, creates resistance, ignites wall, 1999:5.52

From utility pole ignites vehicle after accident, 1996:5.100

Wrapped on nail ignites joist, 1991:3.27

Wiring malfunction ignites vehicle, 2009:6.24

ELECTRICAL INSPECTIONS

Budget cutback threaten inspections, 1996:6.80

ELECTRICAL SAFETY. See also 70E CONNECTION, THE

Aged electrical infrastructure in single-family dwellings subject of Fire Protection Research Foundation research, 2008:3.34

Aging electrical infrastructure impacts electrical fire safety, 2006:2.22

Arc fault-circuit interrupter requirement for bedrooms targets residential fires, 2000:2.69

Arc fault-circuit interrupter requirements enhance home electrical safety, 2008:5.74

Arc fault-circuit interrupters required in dwelling unit bedrooms, 2001:2.31

Electric vehicle safety (See VEHICLES)

Experts answer questions on National Electrical Code, 1996:1.28

Firefighter injured by electric shock, 1999:6.52, 2001:6.54

Grounding, bonding of sprinkler piping, 2000:1.72

Human behavior influences number/frequency of incidents, 2000:1.62

National Electrical Grounding Research Project, 2006:2.22

NFPA 70E, Electrical Safety in the Workplace, 2009 edition, proposed changes, 2008:3.79

NFPA 70E, Electrical Safety in the Workplace, PPE requirements, 2006:6.100

NFPA and IEEE program to better define arc flash hazards for workers, 2006:5.22

NFPA program trains emergency responders to avoid hazards from advanced electric-drive vehicles, 2010:2.58

ELECTRICAL SAFETY COLUMNS

Alarm systems ensure safe elevator recall, 1993:3.28

Boat repair safety requirements for wiring, equipment, 1995:5.40

Electrical standards go global, 1994:1.34

Ensuring electrical safety in workplaces, 1994:4.35

Excessive fault current prevention, 1992:2.80

Fighting fires in UPS systems, 1994:5.33

Fire investigation safety precautions, 1992:3.38

Grounding equipment to protect people and equipment, 1994:3.36

Grounding of electrical systems, historical arguments for/against, 1994:2.32

Harmonics and power quality, 1993:4.30

Holiday lighting hazards, 1995:6.42

Main service disconnect, National Electrical Code terms and requirements, 1991:6.88

Motor and motor-controller disconnect requirements, 1995:4.42

National Electrical Code, and the global marketplace, 1991:3.120

National Electrical Code prevents hot tub, spa accidents, 1992:4.22

National Electrical Code work space requirements for energized electrical equipment, 1995:1.37

NFPA 72, Protective Signaling Systems, combines previous standards, 1991:5.86

NFPA 72, UL alarm standards work together, 1993:5.24

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1991:1.116

Portable tool safety, 1994:6.38

Residential electrical system reinspection, 1991:2.112

Resistance-type heat tape installation to prevent frozen water pipes, 1995:3.45

Service-entrance conductors protect against overloads, 1992:1.72

Sprinklers installed over energized electrical and electronic equipment, 1993:6.31

Staying safe around high-voltage equipment, 1995:2.34

Who interprets the NEC?, 1992:5.12

Workplace safety procedures are important, 1993:2.28

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1994:4.65, 1996:4.72, 1997:4.57, 58, 1998:4.61, 1999:4.57, 70, 2000:4.61, 2001:4.77, 2006:4.59, 2007:4.69, 2008:4.89, 2009:4.63, 2010:4.77

Firefighter injuries related to, 2000:6.47, 2001:6.54, 2003:1:65

Photovoltaic system shocks firefighter, 2009:6.54

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT. See COMPUTERS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT

ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

Fire protection for, 1992:2.32

ELEVATOR MECHANICAL ROOMS

Motor malfunctions, ignites leaked oil, 1997:3.33

Motor/pulley seized, ignites cable insulation, and room contents, 2009:4.22

Alarm systems ensure safe recall, 1993:3.28

ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators task groups addressed fire-related elevator safety issues, 2006:2:42

Bulk storage (grain), catastrophic fire, Indiana, Oct. 1, 1996, 1997:5.52

Bulk storage (grain), fire, Alberta, Canada, 1996, 1997:4.20

Elevator-based evacuation plans exemplified by Las Vegas' Stratospher Tower, 2009:4.58

Elevator recall and shut down requirements increase safety, 1997:5.64

Fire spread through shafts, 1994:5.104, 2008:6.42, 2008:6.43

Fires, standard operating procedures for use by firefighters during, 2001:4.28

Grain elevator fire and explosion, Kansas, June 8, 1998, 1999:5.54, 1999:6.92

Means of egress, use as, 1996:1.30

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2009 edition, elevator egress regulations in, 2009:5.36

Safe use as vertical exits, overview, 1993:3.49

Transformer overheats, ignites hospital fire, 1996:5.26

Workers trapped in stalled elevator in catastrophic fire, 1997:5.52

EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS. See also FIRE SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS

Colleges look beyond technology to create effective emergency communication systems, 2009:5.52

Ham radio operators' role, 1996:2.46

Intelligibility of voice communications, ten key issues affecting, 2010:6.46

Mass notification systems include voice, radio, computer networks and texting, 2009:4.50

National Fire Protection Research Foundation researches emergency communications strategies for buildings and building campuses, 2010:5.53

NFPA 72^®, 2010, emergency communications systems requirements need well-versed installers, designers, and AHJs, 2009:4.32

In NFPA 72®, 2010, combined voice/alarm and other communication systems, mean new challenges for inspectors, 2009:3.54

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT. See also BUSINESS CONTINUITY; DISASTER RESPONSE; EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEMS

Basics of mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery, 1995:4.44

College campuses decrease risk with all-hazards approach to emergency preparedness, 2010:5.50

Drill, Logan International Airport, Boston, Mass, 1991:2.54

Drill, plane crash simulation at Hancock Tower high-rise, Boston, 1993:6.35

Federal program trains first responders for terrorist attacks, 1998:6.31

Health care occupancies need pre-incident plans, 2004:1.22

Hospital's plan effective in actual emergency, 1997:3.88

Implementing NFPA 1600, National Preparedness Standard, explains development of compliant programs, 2008:1.16

National Electrical Code® article references NFPA 1600 requirements, 2008:1.49

NFPA 472, Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents, 2008 edition, can be used to develop HAZMAT/WMD emergency responder training program, 2008:2.54

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Program, available as iPhone app, 2009:5.21

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, adopted by Canadian Standards Association adopts as basis for its standard, 2008:6.13

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, 2007 edition, available at no cost, 2007:3.20

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, as national preparedness standard, 2005:1.44

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, fall meeting review, 1999:5.97

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, implementation case study: Goodyear Global Business Continuity Program, 2008:1.44

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, is important tool for response and recovery, 2002:4.88

NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs, proposed as National Preparedness Standard basis by 9/11 Commission, 2004:5.58

NFPA Emergency Response Planning Workshop, 2002:5.14

Nuclear power plant emergency plan activated for fire, 2004:1.16

Oklahoma City bombing, April 19, 1995, 1995:4.51

Planning for petrochemical plant emergency, 2002:6.28

Prefire planning, inspections aids in actual fire attack, 1998:1.21

Six-part process for emergency planning, 1993:1.22

Terrorist attacks, preparation for, 1996:1.54, 1996:2.35

Terrorist response training funded by Domestic Preparedness Act, 1998:1.38

EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE

Certification requirements, encouraging total staff participation when upgrading, 2002:4.36

Fairfax County, Va., Fire and Rescue Department response to CIA shooting incident, 1994:1.77

Fire service public service programs, 1995:1.70

Firefighter injuries related to, 1996:6.108, 1999:6.52, 54, 2004:6.65, 2005:6.56

NFPA 1710, Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments, annual meeting review, 2001:2.80

NFPA 1720, Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Volunteer Fire Departments, annual meeting review, 2001:2.80

NFPA Technical Committee develops EMS System Guidelines, 2002:4.54

Patient ignites flash fire in ambulance, 1999:6.20

Report indicates high number of U. S. fire service calls for medical help, 2005:3.16

User fees implemented to recover cost of services, 1997:2.66

EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEMS. See also DISASTER RESPONSE

Analysis and enhancement of system, Vancouver, Wash., 1991:1.78

E911 fails in telephone exchange fire, 1995:5.109

How to upgrade existing systems, 1994:2.62

NFPA and NIOSH form emergency responder safety alliance, 2006:1:11

Northridge, Calif. earthquake, Jan. 17, 1994, 1995:3.52

Burn demonstration measures environmental impact of sprinklered vs. non-sprinklered home fires, 2009:6.15

Emergency response information required from fire service by Environmental Protection Agency, 1999:4.34

Fire and the environment, 1991:1.34

Fire protection engineering for atria in green building designs, 2008:1.56

Fire protection/environmental sustainability interactions are topic of Fire Protection Research Foundation symposium, 2009:6.28

"Green" corporate headquarters protected with performance-based design, computer fire models, 2005:2.40

Green issues addressed at NFPA Conference and Expo, 2010:3.76

Green practices and technologies present fire safety challenges, 2009:6.45

"Green roof" gardens, photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines and more, concern fire service and code community, 2009:6.48

Hazardous materials incident response to mitigate environmental damage, 1991:1.112

NFPA report on foam and environment, 1995:3.67

Residential sprinkler systems are good for environment, 2010:3.56

Residential sprinkler systems can be successfully integrated with local water system, 2009:6.40

Run-off controlled in automobile repair shop fire, 1997:5.23

Sprinkler systems are environmentally friendly, 2009:1.26

Tire fire pollutes environment, 1991:1.50

ESCAPE. See also EGRESS; EVACUATION; EXITS

Families plan, but don't practice, escape, NFPA survey shows, 2005:2.14

Fire Prevention Week 2007 theme: practice your escape plan, 2007:4.16, 5.44, 46

Truck fire, unsuccessful, 2004:5.73

Vehicle fire, unsuccessful, 2004:5.73

Fire tests, 2008:2.60

EUROPEAN COMMUNITY

Product testing standards, 1992:5.45

EVACUATION. See also FIRE DRILLS

Adult congregate living facility, successful, 1995:6.35

Aircraft, successful, 1992:6.77, 1993:6.88, 2005:6.34

Airport emergency evacuation, applying NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code® for, 2002:5.32

Apartment building, successful, 1996:1.22, 1997:5.22, 2001:2.22, 4.23, 2003:3.16, 5.16, 2005:4.18, 6.18, 2006:6.22, 2007:1.18, 2008:3.28, 4.23, 5.28, 6.19, 2009:2.25, 2010:4.27

Apartment building, unsuccessful, 2006:6.20

Apartment building, unsuccessful, occupant(s) called 911 prior to leaving, 2000:2.22

Assisted living facility, successful, 2002:2.24, 2003:6.12

Auto dealership, area surrounding, due to propane fire, successful, 1993:3.36

Board and care facility, successful, 1994:6.33, 1996:3.36, 2010:6.25

Board and care facility, unsuccessful, 1993:5.66, 1994:5.104, 1995:5.64, 1997:5.52, 1999:5.54, 2001:5.78, 2003:4.17, 2004:1.16, 5.71, 2010:5.66

Bus, electrically charged, successful, 1992:4.26

Chemical manufacturing plant, area surrounding, 2005:6.45

Chemical manufacturing plant, area surrounding, successful, 1995:5.66

Chemical storage building, area surrounding, successful, 2000:6.91

Community center, successful, 1997:5.23

Delayed evacuation of schools evaluated in Minnesota pilot project, 2003:5.42

Department store elevator, successful, 1997:3.33

Disabilities, evacuation plans for people with, 2005:2.54

Dormitory, successful, 1991:4.25, 2000:6.16, 2002:6.21, 2003:6.81, 2005:6.18

Dwelling, successful, 2001:3.36, 2005:2.18, 3.26, 2010:6.68

Dwelling, unsuccessful, 2002:2.22

Elderly housing, successful, 2005:5.32

Elevator-based evacuation plans exemplified by Las Vegas' Stratosphere Tower, 2009:4.58

Firefighter injuries related to, 2001:6.54

Food plant fire, unsuccessful, 1992:1.29

Food store, successful, 1993:6.29

Fraternity house, successful, 2003:5.16

Fraternity house, unsuccessful, 1997:6.21

Hazardous waste incinerator, successful, 1995:6.38

High-rise building, successful, 2004:5.14

High-rise building evacuation plans for people with disabilities, 2002:4.58

High-rise building evacuation procedures, Fire Protection Research Foundation survey of occupant knowledge of, 2007:5.34

High-rise building unconventional evacuation methods reviewed, 2003:6.46

High-rise office building complex (World Trade Center, N. Y.), 1994:5.104, 1994:6.90, 1995:2.59

9/11 evacuees share lessons learned, 2002:5.54

NFPA plans follow-up to 1993 fire evacuation report, 2001:6.40

High-rise speaker circuit survivability requirements, 2001:3.76

Hospital, successful, 1993:2.20, 1994:5.105, 1996:5.26, 1997:3.88, 1999:2.26, 2002:5.21, 2003:6.16, 2010:3.42

Hospital, to areas of refuge, successful, 2001:5.26

Hotel, successful, 1993:6.81, 2007:1.15, 2009:5.26

Housing for elderly, successful, 1991:3.25

Iron foundry, area surrounding, successful, 1997:6.50

Laundry facility, area surrounding, due to hazardous materials, successful, 1999:2.26

Limited-care facility, successful, 2003:4.17

Limited-care facility fire, unsuccessful, 1998:4.21

LP-Gas distribution facility, area surrounding, successful, 1997:4.20

Manufacturing plant, area surrounding, 2004:6.52

Manufacturing plant, area surrounding, successful, 1991:4.30, 1993:6.27, 2000:6.86, 2002:1.22

Manufacturing plant, successful, 1991:2.33, 1999:4.20, 2008:2.28

Medical research laboratory, successful, 1991:5.30

Meeting hall fire, firefighter evacuation, successful, 1998:1.21

Metropolitan Boston Transportation Authority Transportation Accessibility Manager Gary Talbot works on accessibility and evacuation issues for people with disabilities, 2010:4.52

Nursing home, combined with defend-in-place, 2004:3.22

Nursing home, successful, 1991:5.30, 1992:4.27, 1992:6.29, 1996:2.25, 1998:5.17, 2003:5.20, 2004:4.19, 5.14, 2006:4.28

Nursing home, unsuccessful, 2004:5.70

Office building, successful, 1992:5.28

Plastics manufacturing plant, area surrounding, due to toxic smoke, successful, 1994:6.93

Railroad collision and fire, area surrounding, 1998:6.91

Restaurant, successful, 1996:3.35, 1996:5.25, 1999:5.21, 1999:6.95, 2004:3.22, 2004:4.19

School, successful, 1992:2.25, 1992:4.27, 1992:6.29, 1993:3.33, 1994:5.28, 1997:2.23, 2003:5.20, 2008:1.22

School Emergency Evacuation Planning Checklist geared to teachers, administrators, staff, parents, and students, 2007:5.17

Schools, delayed evacuation, evaluated in Minnesota pilot project, 2003:5.42

Storage facility, area surrounding, successful, 2000:6.14, 2002:1.18

Storage facility, successful, 2006:1.16

Store(s), successful, 1991:1.29, 1997:4.22, 1999:6.94, 2002:4.16, 2008:1.23, 3.32, 2009:4.20

Tank farm, area surrounding, successful, 2008:4.25

Theater, successful, 1996:2.26, 1999:3.44, 2000:6.14

Warehouse, unsuccessful, 2004:5.72

Warehouse/retail showroom, successful, 1999:3.43

Washington Dulles International Airport AeroTrain smoke control systems aid safe passenger evacuation, 2010:4.62

Wildland fire, 1994:2.85, 2004:6.55

Australian evacuation strategy reviewed, 2009:2.18

Wildland/urban interface fire, 1994:5.108, 2004:5.72, 73, 6.55, 2007:5.62, 6.80

EWELL, P. LAMONT

Profile of, 1995:3.30

EXITS. See also DOORS; EGRESS; WINDOWS

By burning mattress, 2006:2.26

By burning mattress, factor in fatal fire, 1992:5.25, 2009:1.17

Catastrophic dwelling fire, factor in, 1991:4.66

Catastrophic food processing plant, factor in, 1992:4.70

By chair, factor in catastrophic fire, 1994:5.102

By fire, factor in catastrophic fire, 1994:5.100, 1997:5.50, 1998:5.45, 5.50, 2004:5.69, 6.16, 2007:5.59, 2009:5.80

By fire, factor in fatal fire, 1997:1.27, 4.20, 1998:3.36, 2004:5.18, 2006:6.24, 2007:4.25, 28, 6.19, 2008:6.19, 2009:2.24, 2010:1.20

By furniture, factor in catastrophic fire, 1992:4.67, 1993:5.62, 1995:5.59, 2009:5.80

By furniture, factor in fatal fire, 1998:2.18, 2006:6.24, 2007:2.20

By refrigerator, factor in fatal fire, 1998:3.38

By security bars (See SECURITY PROVISIONS)

By smoke, factor in catastrophic fire, 2010:5.66

By water, crash damage, factor in catastrophic aircraft fire, 1993:5.68

Building site plan needs exit discharge from exit to public way, 1998:5.22

Directional sound used to indicate exits, 2005:3.50

Elevators as safe vertical exits, overview, 1993:3.49

Emergency lighting, Life Safety Code® requirements, 2005:6.28

Exit access, exterior exits, and exit discharge must be clear of obstructions, 1998:6.28

Exit lights covered, factor in fatal fire, 2007:6.17

Exit sign placement, 2010:3.52

Exit sign placement and lighting requirements, 2006:1.28

Inadequate egress routes, factor in fatal fire, 1998:5.16

Inadequate exit arrangements, factor in catastrophic fire, 1994:1.42, 1997:5.54, 2010:5.66

Lack of second exit, factor in catastrophic fire, 1993:5.66

Catastrophic manufacturing plant fire, factor in, 1992:4.70

Catastrophic vacant dwelling fire, factor in, 1991:4.68

Conflict between security and fire safety, 1994:3.110

Hamper escape in catastrophic dwelling fire, 1991:4.64

Hamper escape in fatal apartment fire, 1991:4.26

Hamper escape in fatal dwelling fire, 2008:3.26

Hamper fire fighting operations in shopping mall fire, 1991:1.29

Large loss of life club fire, factor in, 1991:4.67

Large loss of life manufacturing plant fire, factor in, 1994:1.48, 1994:3.110

NFPA "Great Escape" promotes home fire drills and escape plans, 1998:3.74, 4.32

Propped open, 1997:4.19

School exits require balancing fire safety and security needs, 1998:3.46

Secured, factor in catastrophic vacant club fire, 1991:4.68

Single exit from apartment, factor in catastrophic fire, 1998:5.49, 2007:5.58

EXPLOSION SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

Disabled, not a factor in explosion, 1995:6.103

EXPLOSIONS. See also BLEVE

Camping trailer, North Carolina, 2006, 2007:5.25

Apartment building fire cause, Pennsylvania, June, 2001, 2002:5.82

Fireworks truck, Florida, July, 2003, 2004:5.73

Fireworks warehouse, Texas, July, 2003, 2004:5.72

Manufacturing plant, Alabama, May 11, 1999, 2000:5.60

Manufacturing plant, Massachusetts, Feb. 25, 1999, 2000:5.60

Manufacturing plant fire cause, Indiana, Oct., 2001, 2002:5.82

Nursing home, Michigan, Nov. 10, 1999, 2000:5.59

Oil storage tank, Texas, April, 2003, 2004:5.71

Power plant, Aug. 14, 1999, 2000:5.60

Restaurant/apartment building, Minnesota, Dec. 11, 1998, 1999:5.55

Trailer fire cause, Texas, Jan., 2001, 2002:5.82

Dust explosion causes and prevention discussed, 2008:6.56

Dwelling, Ohio, 2002, 2003:3.18

Dwelling, South Carolina, Aug. 13, 1999, 2000:6.93

Electric generating plant, Massachusetts, Oct., 2003, 2003:6.80

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2000:4.58, 2008:4.86

Firefighter injuries related to, 1996:6.107

Manufacturing plant, Kansas, Sept., 2002, 2003:5.18, 2003:6.77

Manufacturing plant, Louisiana, July 5, 1999, 2000:6.83

Manufacturing plant, Mississippi, May, 2002, 2003:5.75, 2003:6.77

Paper mill, Florida, April 13, 1994, 1995:5.66, 1995:6.106

Propane, 1991:3.27, 1997:3.33, 1999:3.43

Steel plant, Ohio, April 20, 1994, 1995:5.64

Tank, underground, South Carolina, 2004, 2005:3.30

EXPLOSIONS AND FIRES. See also GAS FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS; LP-GAS FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS

Acetylene generation and packaging plant, New Jersey, Jan., 2005, 2006:5.63

Aerosol container explodes, ignites dwelling fire, 1992:6.28

Aircraft in flight, Texas, Sept. 11, 1991, 1992:4.72

Aluminum manufacturing plant, Indiana, 2003, 2004:5.20, 6.21

Ammonium nitrate mixing plant, Minnesota, Nov. 17, 1993, 1994:5.105

Automobile insulation plant, Kentucky, Feb., 2003, 2004:5.71, 2004:6.52

Black powder manufacturing plant, Pennsylvania, May 15, 1991, 1992:4.71

Blast furnace, Micigan, Jan., 2008, 2009:6:75

Barge fire, Illinois, July 3, 1997, 1998:5.55

Barge fire, Louisiana, 1990, 1991:4.70

California, Nov. 16, 1991, 1992:4.73

Massachusetts, 1994, 1995:4.39

Nebraska, 1990, 1991:4.31

Ohio, May 9, 1993, 1994:5.106

Building-under-construction, Missouri, Oct., 2005, 2006:6.69

Camping trailer, Alabama, Dec. 6, 1997, 1998:5.56

Chemical fertilizer plant, Iowa, Dec. 13, 1994, 1995:5.66

Chemical laboratory, Florida, Dec., 2007, 2008:5.61

Chemical packaging and storage facility, Arkansas, May 8, 1997, 1998:5.53

Louisiana, May 1, 1991, 1992:4.70, 1992:6.75

Ohio, 1990, 1991:3.31

Ohio, May 27, 1994, 1995:5.66

Pennsylvania, Feb. 19, 1999, 2000:5.59

South Carolina, June 17, 1991, 1992:4.70, 1992:6.80

Texas, 1990, 1991:4.67

Texas, March, 1991, 1992:6.75

Texas, Dec. 2, 1999, 2000:6.83

Texas, March, 2000, 2001:6.61

Chemical refinery, Texas, Aug., 1995, 1996:6.64

Chemical storage building, Pennsylvania, Jan. 2, 1999, 2000:6.91

Chemical waste facility explosion and fire, Ohio, May, 2009, 2010:6.67

Compressed natural gas cylinder ruptures, 1994:4.30

Crude oil vapors, tank storage facility

Louisiana, 1990, 1991:4.68

Oklahoma, 1990, 1991:4.69

Dormitory, Wyoming, 2005, 2006:6.23

Dwelling, Massachusetts, 1996, 1997:6.20

Dwelling, Michigan, 2000, 2001:4.24

Dwelling, Nebraska, 2007, 2008:6.23

Electric generating plant(s)

Arkansas, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.92

California, 1998, 1999:4.22

Illinois, Nov., 1994, 1995:6.100

Illinois, Dec. 18, 1996, 1997:6.58

Illinois, Nov., 2007, 2008:6.44

Indiana, July, 1998, 1999:6.95

Kansas, Nov. 24, 1997, 1998:5.54

Kansas, Aug., 2000, 2001:6.64

Missouri, June, 1993, 1994:6.92

New Jersey, Dec. 25, 1992, 1993:2.44, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.82

S. Carolina, Dec., 1994, 1995:6.100

Virginia, Nov., 2003, 2004:6.57

Explosives, coal mine, Kentucky, 1990, 1991:4.69

Explosives manufacturing plant, Nevada, Jan. 7, 1998, 1999:5.55

Fire station, Minnesota, 2004, 2005:1.14

Firefighter fatalities related to, 2004:4.54, 56

Fireworks display, New Hampshire, 1995, 1996:4.24

Fireworks in garage, Ohio, 1989, 1991:1.31

Fireworks plant

Michigan, Dec. 11, 1998, 1999:5.54

Mississippi, 1990, 1991:4.30

New Hampshire, 1992, 1993:3.35

Wisconsin, May 16, 1991, 1992:4.71

Fireworks truck, Florida, July, 2003, 2004:5.73

Fireworks truck, Kansas, Aug., 2005, 2006:5.63

Fireworks warehouse, Texas, July, 2003, 2004:5.72

Food processing plant, North Carolina, June, 2009, 2010:5.67

Furniture store, Illinois, 2001, 2002:5.22

Gasoline pipeline, Washington, June 10, 1999, 2000:6.96

Gasoline vapor ignited by gas furnace, dwelling, Michigan, 1991, 1992:6.28

Grain dust at mill and storage facility, Washington, 1991, 1992:4.28

Grain elevator, Kansas, June 8, 1998, 1999:5.54, 1999:6.92

Hazardous waste incinerator, Arkansas, 1994, 1995:6.38

Hospital, Florida, 2004, 2005:6.22

Hydrogen storage tower at soap plant, 1989, 1991:5.30

Ice rink, Minnesota, 2005, 2006:1.22

Iron foundry, Illinois, May 1, 1996, 1997:6.50

Iron foundry and castings plant, Massachusetts, Feb. 25, 1999, 2000:6.85

LP-Gas bulk storage facility, Texas, April 7, 1992, 1993:5.67

Magnesium smelting operation, New Jersey, 1992, 1993:3.34

Manufacturing plant, Minnesota, Dec., 2004, 2005:6.46

Manufacturing plant, N. Carolina, Oct. 20, 1994, 1995:6.103

Metal building components manufacturing plant, Texas, Jan. 31, 1997, 1998:6.86

Metal foundry, Indiana, June 22, 1995, 1996:5.97

Methanol production plant, Texas, Oct., 1994, 1995:6.102

Model rocket manufacturing plant, Arizona, Mar. 27, 1998, 1999:5.55

Motor vehicle assembly plant, Virginia, March, 2000, 2001:5.78, 2001:6.61

Munitions ship explosion, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Dec. 6, 1917, 1992:3.96

Natural gas well, Louisiana, Oct. 24, 1998, 1999:5.54

NFPA 921, Fire and Explosion Investigations, 2001 edition, changes in, 2001:4.58

Office building, Oklahoma City, April 19, 1995, 1995:4.51, 1996:1.50, 1996:5.94, 1996:6.69

Oil and natural gas drilling well, Louisiana, June 16, 1997, 1998:5.53, 6.91

Oil depot, Hertfordshire, England, Dec. 11, 2005, 2006:3.86

Australia, Sept. 25, 1998, fire investigation report, 1999:2.64

Ohio, Oct. 12, 1996, 1997:6.49

Pennsylvania, Oct. 16, 1996, 1996:5.96

Texas, 2004, 2005:2.18

Texas, March, 2005, 2006:5.62, 6.75

Oil separation storage tank, Louisiana, Mar. 4, 1998, 1999:5.55

Oil storage tank, Kentucky, July 2, 1993, 1994:5.104

Oil well, Ohio, Oct. 10, 1991, 1992:4.71

Paint plant, California, 1991, 1992:4.28

Paper and pulp products plant, Iowa, Feb., 1995, 1996:6.63

Paper products plant, Wisconsin, July, 2008, 2009:5.83

Pharmaceutical manufacturing plant, New Jersey, Apr. 21, 1995, 1996:5.94

Pharmaceutical manufacturing plant, North Carolina, Jan., 2003, 2004:5.71, 2004:6.52

Piper Alpha North Sea oil rig explosion and fire, July 6, 1988, 2010:4.88

Plastics manufacturing plant, Texas, June 23, 1999, 2000:6.84

Plywood manufacturing plant, Washington, Sept. 1, 1996, 1997:6.49

Power plant, Michigan, Feb. 1, 1999, 2000:6.95

Printing plant, Wisconsin, 2009, 2010:5.34

Propane cylinder BLEVE, 1991:6.23

Propane gas, ignited by pilot light, 1991:1.28

Propane gas line leak ignited, fatal dwelling fire, 2010:6.26

Propane storage tank, North Dakota, 1993, 1994:1.30

Pyrotechnic storage and manufacturing facility, Tennessee, June 5, 1997, 1998:5.53

Recycling facility, New Jersey, 1998, 1999:1.19

California, Jan. 21, 1997, 1998:6.84

Louisiana, March, 1991, 1992:6.77

Louisiana, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.93

Texas, April, 1991, 1992:6.75

Minnesota, 2001, 2002:5.22

New York, 1996, 1997:6.22

Washington, 2005, 2006:3.30

Rocket propellant test facility, California, 1994, 1995:4.40

Rocket testing facility, California, July, 2007, 2008:5.61

School, New London, Texas, March 18, 1937, 1993:5.94

Ships, Florida, Aug., 1993, 1994:6.98

Short circuit in underground electrical vault, 1991:4.69

Soybean processing plant, Indiana, June, 1994, 1995:6.103

Sports equipment manufacturing plant, Texas, Aug. 28, 1997, 1998:6.87

Steam explosion, petroleum refinery, Louisiana, March 3, 1991, 1992:4.70

Storage facility, Maryland, 2006, 2006:1.16

Sugar refinery, Georgia, Feb. 7, 2008, 2008:6.57, 2009:5.83, 6.75

Sugar refinery, Nebraska, July 20, 1996, 1997:6.49

Tank farm/storage facility

Georgia, April, 1995, 1996:6.66

Kansas, 2007, 2008:4.25

Oklahoma, Apr. 23, 1995, 1996:5.97

Pennsylvania, Oct., 1995, 1996:6.62

Texas, May, 2007, 2008:5.61

Thermal generating plant, New Jersey, Dec. 25, 1992, 1993:2.44, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.82

Toy manufacturing plant, California, Nov. 15, 1997, 1998:5.53

Travel trailer, California, 2007, 2008:5.30

Kentucky, May, 2000, 2001:6.61

Texas, July, 1998, 1999:6.94

Washington, Sept., 1993, 1994:6.97

Washington, 1995, 1996:4.23

Warehouse fire, Iowa, Apr. 22, 1997, 1998:6.87

World Trade Center, New York, Feb. 26, 1993, 1993:6.91, 1994:5.104, 1994:6.90, 1995:2.59

EXPLOSIVES. See also FIREWORKS; PYROTECHNICS

Accidental detonation, catastrophic fire cause, 1991:4.69

Black powder, ammunition, explode at store fire, 2005:6.48

Bomb site, fire fighter injuries related to, 1998:6.54

Detonation by terrorists, catastrophic fire cause, 1996:5.94

Improperly stored, catastrophic fire cause, 1992:4.72

Juveniles injured making napalm, 1997:4.19

NFPA 495, Explosive Materials, annual meeting review, 2001:2.81

Solidified explosives mixture at manufacturing plant detonates, spreads to stored explosives, 1999:5.55

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1994:4.67, 68, 69

Firefighter injuries related to, 1994:6.64

EXPOSURE TO FIRE PRODUCTS. See FIRE PRODUCTS

EXTERIOR FIRE EXPOSURE

NFPA 80A, Protection of Building from Exterior Fire Exposure, addresses building-to-building fire exposure issues, 2001:6.74

EXTINGUISHERS, PORTABLE

Carbon dioxide, explosion of, 1991:4.30

Carbon dioxide, successful in hospital fire, 1996:5.26

Electronically monitored extinguishers control extinguisher vandalism, 2005:1.56

Halon, successful in medical research laboratory fire, 1991:5.30

Health care occupancies, selecting extinguishing agents for, 2002:4.29

Multiclass, successful in solvent fire, 1993:5.37

NFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2007 edition changes, 2006:6.56

NFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers, common questions answered, 1996:4.28

NFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers, revised to address issues regarding cylinder recharging, 2004:1.60

Spread fire from engine room in boat fire, 1991:6.26

Successful use of

Aircraft fire, 1999:6.94

Apartment building fire, 2003:2.22, 2009:3.35

Assisted living facility, 2010:3.40

Board and care facility fire, 2009:5.25

Department store fire, 1998:6.22

Electric power generating plant fire, 1998:5.54

Hospital fire, 1993:2.20, 1996:5.26, 2002:5.21, 2003:2.22, 3.14, 2004:4.18, 2006:1.20

Manufacturing plant fire, 2010:3.44

Nursing home fire, 1995:5.33, 2003:1.12, 5.20, 2004:4.19, 2006:4.28

Power plant fire, 1999:3.44

Restaurant fire, 2000:1.19, 2004:4.19

School fire, 2001:1.20, 2005:1.14

Store fire, 1995:3.39, 2008:3.32

Textile plant fire, 1993:5.37

Trailer fire, 1999:3.46

Warehouse fire, 1991:5.25, 1995:3.39

Training and use of, 1997:2.29

Unsuccessful use of

Adult congregate living facility fire, 1995:6.35

Apartment building fire, 2001:5.26, 2004:1.15, 2006:1.18, 2.28, 2008:2.26, 5.57, 2009:2.25, 2010:3.38

Automobile dealership fire, 2000:5.23

Bowling alley fire, 2000:4.19

Building supply store fire, 1997:6.54

Dairy plant fire, 1992:3.32

Department store fire, 1996:6.72, 2000:6.91

Dormitory fire, 1995:6.99, 2007:2.21

Dwelling fire, 2004:1.15, 2005:2.18, 20, 2008:6.21, 2009:3.39, 5.23, 6.23

Fireworks fire, 1993:3.35

Food processing plant fire, 1995:6.104, 2003:2.25

Fraternity house fire, 1997:6.21

Funeral home fire, 1997:2.21

Gasoline fire, 1991:4.30

Historic building fire, 2009:3.42

Hosiery manufacturing plant fire, 1997:3.33

Hotel fire, 1997:6.19, 2002:1.20, 2002:2.26

Manufacturing plant fire, 1999:4.20, 5.20, 6.90, 91, 2000:3.38, 2000:6.85, 2002:6.22, 2.17, 5.20, 6.52

Meat processing plant fire, 1995:6.106

Metal products plant fire, 1998:6.84

Museum fire, 1995:6.35

Observatory fire, 1997:6.59

Paper plant fire, 1997:5.24

Plastics plant fire, 1997:1.28

Power plant fire, 2004:5.20

Propane storage facility fire, 2000:6.14

Restaurant fire, 1996:3.35, 1997:6.22, 1998:3.36, 1999:5.21, 2009:3.43

Rooming house fire, 2001:6.21

School fire, 2004:5.20

Ship fire, 2000:6.94

Shopping mall fire, 2009:5.29

Store fire, 1996:6.69, 1998:6.89, 1999:5.22, 2004:2.16, 2005:3.32, 2006:1.20, 2007:6.79

Theater fire, 1997:3.29

Warehouse fire, 1993:6.85, 1993:6.86, 1996:6.68, 1998:6.87, 1999:3.43, 1999:6.92, 2001:6.22, 2006:4.27, 2009:6.81

Wood product manufacturing plant fire, 1997:6.50

Water-mist extinguisher development leads to NFPA 10, Portable Fire Extinguishers, revision, 2005:6.70

EXTINGUISHERS, PORTABLE, DRY CHEMICAL

Empty, missing extinguishers in warehouse fire, 1991:2.33

Limited success, warehouse fire, 1998:5.18

Successful use of

Board and care facility fire, 2009:5.25

Deep fat fryer fire, 1992:5.25

Electric vault fire, 1995:5.35

Foundry fire, 1991:1.31

Hospital fire, 1998:5.17

Laboratory fire, 1997:5.23

Magnesium smelting operation fire, 1993:3.34

Power plant fire, 1996:6.72

Restaurant fire, 1994:3.28

School fire, 1993:4.28, 1995:3.39

Store fire, 1992:6.25

Unsuccessful use of

Apartment building fire, 1999:5.19

Automotive parts manufacturing plant, 1998:6.85

Christmas tree fire, 1991:6.24, 1995:6.36

Detention center fire, 1995:5.33

Food processing plant fire, 1996:6.64

Hotel fire, 1995:2.29

Insulation fire, 1991:6.23

Knitting mill fire, 1998:6.84

Manufacturing plant fire, 2007:6.76

Office building fire, reignites after use, 1997:6.53

Power plant fire, 2004:5.20

Store fire, 1994:6.35

Tar fire, 1991:6.23

EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS. See SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

California adopts NFPA 5000™ and NFPA 1, 2003:5.24

Canada mandates fire-safe cigarettes, 2004:3.40

Fatal supermarket fire in Paraguay, fire investigation, 2004:5.24

NFPA Treasurer's Report, 2003:4.18, 2004:4.20

U. S. Homeland Security Department adopts 5 NFPA standards for first responder equipment, 2004:2.34

Zippo cigarette lighter "tricks" Web site shut down by NFPA, others, 2003:6.18

FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA

Fire and Rescue Department response to CIA shooting incident, 1994:1.77

FALSE ALARMS. See ALARMS, FALSE

Factor in fire spread, 1993:6.27, 84, 1994:5.97, 1999:6.90, 2007:3.26

Fires caused by (See ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FIRES)

High-volume, low-speed (HV/LS) fans effect on sprinkler activation determined by fire tests, 2008:3.88

High-volume, low-speed (HV/LS) fans effect on sprinkler activation studied by NFPA Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2009:5.30

Home fires involving fans, 2003-2007, report overview, 2010:5.70

FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA)

Disaster management role, 1995:4.46

FEMA Building Performance Assessment Team World Trade Center collapse study, 2002:5.47

Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition receives FEMA grant for national 'Built For Life' sprinkler awareness program, 2004:5.12

Major grant awarded to Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2007:6.15

Risk Watch® central to NFPA's affiliation with FEMA's Citizen Corps, 2003:2.68

Risk Watch® first affiliate program of FEMA's Citizen Corps initiative, 2003:1.33

FILM STUDIOS. See MOTION PICTURE STUDIOS

FIRE ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH REPORTS, 2009:3.130, 4.70, 2010:2.74, 3.110, 5.70, 6.86

FIRE AND THE ENVIRONMENT. See ENVIRONMENT

FIRE BARRIERS. See also WALLS, FIRE

Contained fire spread, 2007:1.20

Inadequate, factor in fatal fire, 1995:5.36

Lack of, factor in fatal fire, 1993:2.44

New York-Presbyterian Hospital conducts self-examination of fire walls/barriers to improve fire safety, 2007:5.76

In structural joints, 1991:2.98

FIRE BRIGADES, INDUSTRIAL

Alarm delayed while brigade fought fire, 1993:6.83

Chemical plant fire controlled by, 1996:3.39

Electrical generating plant fire monitored, fought by, 1999:6.95

Limit fire spread in chemical plant fires, 1996:6.64

Members die in catastrophic fire, 1996:5.94

NFPA 600 requirements, 1992:2.46

Oil refinery fire controlled by, 1999:5.54

Oil refinery fire fought by, 2005:2.18

Power plant fire controlled by, 1999:3.44

Transformer fire controlled by, 2010:6.68

FIRE COMMAND COLUMNS

Deploying resources effectively, 1992:6.104

Fire critiques, effective, characteristics of, 1991:3.152, 1991:4.106

Fire critiques, standard review items, 1991:6.104

Fire critiques, steps in assembling, 1991:5.109

Fire critiques as evidence for lawsuits, 1992:1.18

Fire service management modeled on fireground management, 1991:2.144

Matching response capabilities to fire conditions, 1992:4.30

Shrinking budgets, staffing realities, 1992:3.28

Standard operating procedures reduce legal risk, 1992:2.30

Urban violence complicates fire service operations, 1992:5.14

Characteristics of effective critiques, 1991:3.152, 1991:4.106

Lawsuits, use in, 1992:1.18

Standard review items, 1991:6.104

Steps in assembling, 1991:5.109

FIRE DEATHS, U. S. See also CATASTROPHIC FIRES; ELDERLY; FIRE LOSS; FIREFIGHTER FATALITIES

Building security measures contribute to fire deaths, 1994:3.110

Civilian deaths, 1994, 1995:5.93

Civilian deaths, 1995, 1996:5.52

Civilian deaths, 1996, 1997:5.76

Civilian deaths, 1997, 1998:5.72

Civilian deaths, 1998, 1999:5.88

Civilian deaths, 1999, 2000:5.82

Disabilities, report on fatalities of persons with, 2009:4.23

Factors contributing to deaths, 1994:3.99

NFPA grants target states most vulnerable to fire deaths, 2005:2.10

Physical disability as factor in home fire deaths, 2009:6.85

Smoke and burns compared as fire death causes, 1995:1.38

Smoking materials as leading cause, 1980-88 overview, 1991:1.86

FIRE DOORS. See DOORS, FIRE

Families plan, but don't practice, escape, NFPA survey shows, 2005:2.14

Fire Prevention Week 2007 theme: practice your escape plan, 2007:4.16, 5.44, 46

Frequent drills basic to home fire safety, 2002:5.40

Great American Fire Drill support 2007 Fire Prevention Week theme, 2007:5.44

"Great Escape" campaign has inspired change over three years, 2000:5.42

"Great Escape" has made progress, but home fire safety misconceptions persist, 2000:5.112

"Great Escape" training, escape plan practice saves family from fire, 2000:6.16

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, fire drill requirements, 2010:5.42

NFPA "Great Escape" promotes home fire drills and escape plans, 1998:3.74, 4.32

School, planned programs, 1991:2.24

School fire drills needed to keep schools fire safe, 1999:1.80

FIRE FIGHTING, INTERNATIONAL

Japan, 1991:5.51

Soviet Union, 1991:6.66

FIRE INJURIES. See also FIRE LOSS; FIREFIGHTER INJURIES

Civilian, 1996, 1997:5.76

FIRE INSPECTIONS

Code compliance effectiveness measures to determine if inspection programs are working, 2009:1.59

Done properly, fire department inspection programs save lives, 2003:3.74

Effectiveness evaluated by Austin, Texas, fire department, 2002:6.66

Inspectors now must be highly skilled professionals, 1997:1.84

NFPA Fire Inspector Certification program, 1991:3.57

NFPA introduces Fire Inspector I Certification Program, 1998:3.116

Required inspections determined by life safety evaluation, 1995:1.57

FIRE INVESTIGATIONS

Aircraft, American Airlines Flight 1420, Little Rock, Arkansas, June 1, 1999, 1999:5.40

Aircraft, São Paulo, Brazil, July 17, 2007, 2008:1.36

Apartment building fatal fires, New York, N. Y., Dec., 1998, 1999:3.84

Apply mutual aid to fire investigations, 1993:1.14

Arson, DuPage County, Illinois, fire investigation task force, 2001:1.65

Board and care facility fatal fires, 1994-1998, 1998:5.34

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms National Response Teams aid in catastrophic fire investigations, 1998:3.92

Church, Barrington, Illinois, Oct. 28, 1998, 1999:3.102

Church, Lake Worth, Texas, Feb. 15, 1999, 1999:4.76

Electronic information sources, new technologies aid investigators, 1997:3.80

Expert testimony by investigators affected by Supreme Court decisions on scientific evidence, 2000:1.42

Group home, Wells, New York, Riverview Individual Residential Alternative, March 21, 2009, 2010:1.58

Hazardous waste facility, Apex, North Carolina,Oct. 5, 2006, U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board investigation, 2008:6.68

High-rise, Parque Central, Caracas, fire report shows lack of sprinkler maintenance, testing, 2005:2.46

Hotel, Monte Carlo Hotel Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, Jan. 25, 2008, 2008:3.67

Hotel, Royal Jomtien, Thailand, July 11, 1997, 1998:2.34

InterFIRE VR software trains fire investigators, 2000:5.78

LP-Gas tank explosion, Albert City, Iowa, April 9, 1998, 1998:6.42

Manufacturing plant, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan, Feb. 1, 1999, study indicates problems with large-loss fire investigations, 2004:4.58

National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and other national reporting systems, 1998:3.80

NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, 2001 edition, changes in, 2001:4.58

NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, 2008 edition overview, 2008:3.84

NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, fall meeting review, 2000:5.93

NFPA 921, Guide to Fire and Explosion Investigations, as authoritative treatise for litigation, 1996:2.40

NFPA 1033, Fire Investigator Professional Qualifications, and NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, set standards, provide guidelines for investigators, 2005:3.64

Nightclub, Cocoanut Grove, Boston, Mass., Nov. 28, 1942, 2000:3.84

Nightclub, Gothenburg, Sweden, Oct. 28, 1998, 2000:3.117

Nightclub, Santika Pub, Bangkok, Thailand, Jan. 1, 2009, 2010:1.42

Nightclub, Warwick, Rhode Island, Feb., 2003, NIST investigation summary, 2005:3.44

Nursing home, Hartford, Connecticut, nursing home, 2005:5.14

Office building, United Airlines Operations Control Center fire, Elk Grove, Illinois, Aug. 11, 1999, 2001:1.55

Oil refinery, Longford Esso refinery fire and explosion, Australia, Sept. 25, 1998, 1999:2.64

Oil refinery, Texas City, Texas, BP refinery fire and explosion, March 23, 2005, 2007:4.78

Ship, Ecstasy cruise ship, Miami, Florida, July 20, 1998, 1999:1.38

Supermarket, Paraguay, Aug. 1, 2004, 2004:5.24, 2004:6.42

U. S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), develops new fire research laboratory, 2000:5.76

Warehouse, Arizona, Aug., 2000, fire investigation report, 2001:6.70

FM Global's Research Campus provides advanced technology labs for loss prevention research, 2007:3.66

Lack of sprinklers is often key to fire loss litigation, 2005:1.22

Longford Esso refinery fire has disastrous effect on Australian economy, 1999:2.64

FIRE LOSS, U. S. See also LARGE-LOSS FIRES, U. S.

1990 report, 1991:5.36

1991 report, 1992:5.32

1992 report, 1993:5.78

1993 report, 1994:5.57

1994 report, 1995:5.93

1995 report, 1996:5.52

1996 report, 1997:5.76

1997 report, 1998:5.72

1998 report, 1999:5.88

1999 report, 2000:5.80

2000 Report, 2001:5.81

2002 report, 2003:5.58

2003 report, 2004:6.66

2004 report, 2005:5.44

2005 report, 2006:5.46

2006 report, 2007:5.64

2007 report, 2008:5.46

2008 report, 2009:5.72

2009 report, 2010:5.56

NFPA "The Total Cost of Fire in the United States" in-depth report on 2003 fire loss statistics, 2006:2:74

State by state report, 1999:3.106

Alternative designs evaluated using, 1995:2.68

Backdraft incident, apartment building fire, March 28, 1994, N. Y., N. Y., 1995:6.85

Computer fire model, overview, 1991:2.60

"Green" corporate headquarters protected using computer models, 2005:2.40

FIRE PREVENTION

Firefighter Investment and Response Enhancement (FIRE) Act offers fire prevention program grants, 2001:3.48

National convention needed to address fire prevention, 2006:5.52

President's Conference on Fire Prevention, 1947, 2002:6.96

FIRE PREVENTION WEEK

1991 theme: fire escape planning, 1991:5.34

1992 theme: smoke detectors are lifesavers, 1992:5.68

1993 week is culmination of year's fire safety education efforts, 1993:5.89

1995 theme: watch what you heat (home fire causes), 1995:5.77

1998 theme: "Great Escape" promotes home fire drills and escape plans, 1998:3.74, 4.32

1999 theme: business community should be included in "Great Escape" efforts, 1999:3.64

1999 theme: "Great Escape" training saves family from fire, 1999:5.36

2001 theme: Cover the Bases & Strike Out Fire, 2001:5.44

2002 theme: celebrating 80th anniversary of fire safety effort, 2002:5.84

2003 NFPA-Weekly Reader Fire Prevention Week initiative results from team work with outside funding partners, 2003:3.40

2003 theme: home escape plans save lives, 2003:5.13

2003 theme supported by NFPA-Weekly Reader initiative provides students with home escape planning tools, 2003:5.40

2004 theme: test your smoke alarms, 2004:4.14, 5.36, 52

2005 theme: candle safety, 2005:5.68

2005 Week to include People with Disabilities Day, 2005:5:42

2006 theme: prevent cooking fires, 2006:5.44, 66

2007 theme: practice your escape plan, 2007:4.16, 2007:5.46

2007 theme: practice your escape plan, supported by "Great American Fire Drill," 2007:5.44

2008 theme: prevent home fires, 2008:5.15, 42

2009 theme: stay fire smart—don't get burned educational materials available, 2009:5.19

2010 theme: smoke alarms, a sound you can live with, 2010:4.20

2010 theme: smoke alarms, a sound you can live with, video available from NFPA, 2010:5.24

2010 week, International Association of Black Professional Fire Fighters launch program to cut African-American children fire fatalities in conjunction with, 2010:5.24

2010 week, smoke alarm use and testing survey results released in conjunction with, 2010:6.18

First Fire Prevention Week, 1925, safety message recalled, 2009:5.88

History of, 1995:4.71, 2002:5.112

Industrial Section teams compete in 2001 Fire Prevention Week contest, 2001:5.62

Partnership with others for wider dissemination of "Great Escape" information, 1999:3.134

Smokey Stover cartoon enlisted by NFPA for Fire Prevention Week 1953, 2009:1.80

"Sparky" speaks out; interview with fire prevention mascot, 1994:5.66

Web site provides information and documents to educators, public, 2003:5.54

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1991:4.53, 90, 1992:4.46, 48, 50, 51, 54, 1993:4.50, 1994:4.57, 67, 68, 69, 1996:4.71, 72, 75, 76, 1997:4.59, 1998:4.59, 60, 62, 1999:4.69

Firefighter injuries related to, 1991:6.49, 51, 52, 53, 1992:6.62, 63, 64, 65, 2001:6.53, 54

FIRE PROTECTION

Future of, 1991 overview, 1991:3.38

Future of, NFPA Board of Directors view, 1992:1.47

Stadium fires demonstrate unique protection problems, 1994:4.49

FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERS

International higher education programs developed, 1993:1.43

As Quarterly and NFPA Journal authors, 2007:Fall.138

Recruiting and retaining fire department FPEs, 1993:1.58

FIRE PROTECTION HANDBOOK

17th edition, overview, 1991:3.106

18th edition, overview, 1997:1.66

FIRE PROTECTION PROGRAMS

Soviet Union, 1991:6.66

FIRE PROTECTION RESEARCH FOUNDATION. See NFPA FIRE PROTECTION RESEARCH FOUNDATION

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS. See also specific systems

Chrysler Corp. Technology Center, 1995:3.129

Explosion destroyed, factor in fire spread, 1994:5.104

High-rise buildings, design of systems for, 1994:2.36

Integrated building system design, requirements, and goals, 2008:6.62

Las Vegas, Nevada, City Center, 2010:3.62

Las Vegas, Nevada, Stratosphere Mall and Tower, 2001:6.66

NFPA 3, Commissioning and Integrated Testing of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems, is being developed to address testing and start-up problems, 2009:3.62

Passive systems, value of, 1997:2.30

Supervision of system, importance of, 2006:4.34

Supervision of system, specific requirements of NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2006:6.32

Underground SubTropolis storage/manufacturing facility, Kansas City, Missouri, requires unique systems, 1998:6.68

Users' manuals needed to document building systems, 1998:4.26

Washington, D. C.. airports equipped with state-of-art systems, 1998:4.80

Failure to operate automatically, 1992:2.25

Integrating fire pumps and fire alarm systems, 2005:5.38

NFPA 20, Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, 2010, proposed changes, 2009:3.85

NFPA 20, Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, permits variable speed pumps, 2004:5.26

NFPA 20, Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, proposed changes, 1999:2.80

Proper installation, maintenance, testing, for reliable emergency service, 2005:5.62

FIRE SAFETY. See also BURNING ISSUES COLUMNS; FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION; LIFE SAFETY; OUTREACH COLUMNS

Americans underestimate fire risk, 1996:3.77, 2004:6.12

Centers for Disease Control statistics indicate workplace safety has improved, 2001:5.38

Checklists for home, workplace, child fire safety, 1997:1.104

College dormitory constructed for fire safety, 1999:1.60

"Contract with America"'s effect on fire safety, 1995:3.46

Convention center fire safety challenges addressed by NFPA codes and standards, 2007:2.54

Detectors distributed free by fire department saves residential occupants, 1998:3.38

Families plan, but don't practice, escape, NFPA survey shows, 2005:2.14

Fire service public service programs, 1995:1.70

Hamilton, Ontario, Emergency Services consulted high-risk populations to improve fire prevention efforts, 2010:6.19

Health care facilities' fire safety prognosis for '90s, 1992:3.89

High-rise buildings, fire safe design for, 1993:6.4

Holmes County, Mississippi, works with NFPA on smoke alarm distribution project, 2003:6.42

Ignition factor awareness can promote home fire safety, 1999:1.42

Implications of home security systems; editorial, 1994:3.4

Industrial fire safety programs, establishment of, 1993:2.12

Latin American fire safety, NFPA contribution to, 2005:2.50

Myth of panic as standard human behavior in fire addressed in research paper, 2009:4.15

Navajo Nation and NFPA Center for High-Risk Outreach cooperate for fire safety, 1997:2.74

NFPA general manager Percy Bugbee's fire safety efforts, 1995:6.77

NFPA Journal sets standard for fire safety discussions, 2007:Fall.96

NFPA report emphasizes need to maintain and/or replace home smoke alarms, 2005:1.12

North Charleston, South Carolina, receives Jensen Award for Smoke Alarm Assistance Program, 2007:5.20

Outside U. S., citizens held responsible for fires, 1996:3.83

Partnership of owners, designers, and public officials necessary for fire safety, 1993:1.12

Performance-based fire safety design code development, 1994:6.16

Performance-based fire safety design codes coming to North America, 1994:3.70

Perkins, Frances, biography chronicles life of U.S. Secretary of Labor who championed safety initiatives for American workers, 2009:3.30

Politics of fire safety regulations at local to federal levels, 1998:4.29

Safety principles for disabled persons, 1996:4.112

School Emergency Evacuation Planning Checklist geared to teachers, administrators, staff, parents, and students, 2007:5.17

Sprinkler systems' importance for fire safety, 1993:1.53

Summer fire hazards, 1997:4.96

U. S. Consumer Products Safety Commission addresses fire safety issues, 1998:3.49

United States should hold citizens responsible, 1995:4.38

Zippo cigarette lighter "tricks" Web site shut down by NFPA, others, 2003:6.18

FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION. See also FIRE PREVENTION WEEK; OUTREACH COLUMNS

Board and care facility staff, residents untrained, factor in catastrophic fire, 1993:5.66

Brockville, Ontario, uses Risk Watch to promote child safety, 2000:1.82

`Clear Your Escape Routes' brochure created by NFPA Center for High-Risk Outreach, 2006:2.15

College students are provided current fire safety information through innovative DVD and online program, 2009:5.58

College students need safety training, 1997:5.34

Dan Doofus, new public education character, appears in public service announcements and other materials, 2008:6.11

Dick Van Dyke's contribution to Learn Not to Burn, 1996:1.70

"Fire and Blast" publication, 1952, looking back, 2004:1.80

Fire service public service programs, 1995:1.70

Firefighters work with youth through Big Brothers/Big Sisters program, 1998:2.28

Firewise® Communities outreach after California wildfires, 2004:2.70

Firewise® Communities preparedness elements incorporated into International Association of Fire Chiefs program, 2010:3.30

Firewise® Communities reaches milestone with 500th community joining program, 2010:1.15

Firewise® Communities supports homeowners and fire departments in defending against wildfire, 2007:6.44

Firewise® Communities take control of their fire safety, with substantial participation increase, 2008:2.21

Firewise® Communities Workshops promote wildland/urban interface fire safety, 2002:4.82

Firewise® landscaping, 1994:2.84

Firewise® Learning Center offers online community wildfire assessment course, 2009:6.15

Firewise® program community planning workshops, 2000:2.66

Firewise® workshops underway for forest professionals, 2007:3.18

Fireworks education program result of illegal fireworks fire, 1996:4.22

First NFPA public service announcement campaign, 1950, 1995:6.74

"Great Escape" campaign has inspired change over three years, 2000:5.42

"Great Escape" has made progress, but home fire safety misconceptions persist, 2000:5.112

"Great Escape" promotes home fire drills and escape plans, 1998:3.74, 4.32

"Great Escape" training saves family from fire, 2000:6.16

High-rise fire safety issues require education, 1999:3.84

Home heating fires addressed by NFPA at Boston press conference, 2008:2.19

Home heating safety campaigns launched by NFPA, 2008:1.14, 31

In-service programs for teachers, 1991:4.35

Juvenile firesetting, education program to control, 1999:1.54

KFN-TV teaches fire safety to kids, 1993:5.90

Language barriers challenge fire service outreach to immigrants, 2005:3.68

Learn Not to Burn® champions, 1994, 1994:3.67

Learn Not to Burn® champions, 1995, 1995:5.103

Learn Not to Burn® for South Africa, 2006:1:12

Learn Not to Burn® programs, NFPA commitment to, 1993:4.4

Learn Not to Burn® used by Plano, Texas, Fire Department to educate community, 2001:3.102

Navajo Nation fire safety awareness campaign, 1996:5.71

NFPA Campus Fire Safety Forum program promotes college fire safety, 2002:6.52

NFPA Center for High-Risk Outreach helps educate poorest South Africans on home fire dangers, 2006:2:70

NFPA Champion Award Program provides age-appropriate fire safety education, 1997:3.45

NFPA Safe at Home project debuts in Mississippi, 2008:1.13

Other countries' programs compared to U. S., 1996:3.81

Preschool program saves lives in dwelling fire, 1992:2.28

Preschooler fire safety education, 1997:2.112, 3.45

Preschoolers learn fire safety in Portland, Oregon, Head Start program, 1994:1.67

Proactive safety leadership role for fire departments, 1991:6.93

Public education for wildfires, 1991:4.32

Public education is long-term answer to fire loss, 1993:6.14

Public educators gaining budgetary recognition, 2000:2.40

Remembering When™ fire safety and fall prevention program for older adults, 1999:2.40, 1999:4.112

Remembering When™ grants provided for Mississippi, Alabama, and Native Americans, 2005:2.10

Remembering When™ program evaluates success in reaching older adults, 2002:4.64

Residential fire safety relies on education, 2003:4.30

Risk Watch® adapted for mothers and children in emergency shelters, 2006:4.68

Risk Watch® addresses eight preventable injuries most threatening to children, 1997:4.33

Risk Watch® can help schools prevent student injuries, 2000:1.34

Risk Watch® central to NFPA's affiliation with FEMA's Citizen Corps, 2003:2.68

Risk Watch® Champion Conference for continuing education to Champion Management Teams, 2006:1.32

Risk Watch® curriculum, students demonstrate gains from, 2001:4.40

Risk Watch® curriculum goals, implementation, and evaluation, 1998:5.84

Risk Watch® demonstrates value of team work for fire safety, 1998:2.30

Risk Watch® effectiveness evaluated by tests of children's safety behaviors, 2002:3.82

Risk Watch® encourages seat belt use, 1999:1.32

Risk Watch® first affiliate program of FEMA's Citizen Corps initiative, 2003:1.33

Risk Watch® grants provided for Mississippi, Alabama, Navajo Nation schools, 2005:2.10

Risk Watch® is useful tool as fire service's mission expands, 1998:6.32

Risk Watch® Safe Communities pilot program, 2006:3.48

Risk Watch® used by Plano, Texas, Fire Department to educate community, 2001:3.102

Risk Watch®'s injury prevention curriculum teaches safe fun, 1997:5.58

Safe Cities, Learn Not to Burn program for 10 cities, 1995:3.75

Senior fire safety with Jonathan Winters, 1991:2.44

Smoke alarm safety promoted by NFPA community awareness kit, 2010:1.17

Spanish-language versions of Learn Not to Burn Curriculum for Hispanic/Latino populations, 1998:4.30

Spanish translations of educational documents by NFPA Center for High-Risk Outreach, 2006:3.20

Sparky the Fire Dog^® emergency preparedness game available from Risk Watch^® Web site, 2007:3.18

Sparky's new public service announcements, 1996:5.40

Suffolk, Virginia, uses grant to support community fire and life safety programs, 2005:5.74

Teaching safety to disabled persons, 1996:4.112

Texas Fire Marshal's fire safety campaign urges students to "have an exit strategy" in public spaces, 2007:3.98

Tuscaloosa, Alabama, receives Jensen award to fund smoke alarm installation and educational campaign, 2007:4.72

Uh-Ohs interactive toys reinforce vital safety messages, 2008:3.11

University of Utah fire prevention program, 2005:1.52

Urban fire safety efforts reviewed in joint NFPA/urban fire departments effort, 2008:2.21

FIRE SAFETY UPDATE COLUMNS

Fire Prevention Week, 1991 theme: fire escape planning, 1991:5.34

In-service programs for teachers, 1991:4.35

Juvenile Firesetter Program, Phoenix, Ariz., 1991:1.22

School fire drills, planned programs for, 1991:2.24

FIRE SERVICE ADMINISTRATION. See also FIRE CRITIQUES; FIREFIGHTER SAFETY; LEADERSHIP COLUMNS; MANAGEMENT MATTERS COLUMNS

Administrators' role in fire code development, 1996:1.27

Budget negatively impacted by internal departmental conflict, 1994:4.112

Burdens of command responsibilities, 1995:4.23

Chiefs' responsibility to network with external groups, 1994:5.17

Combination career/volunteer departments, 1991:3.36

Comprehensive fire protection systems, 1991:4.16

Computer software for, 1991:3.90

Defining the problems of fire services, 1993:2.30

Denver, Colo. Fire Department is progressive, innovative, 1995:3.118

Deploying resources effectively, 1992:6.104

Discipline promotes effective performance, 1993:2.85

Educating municipal officials about resource needs, 1993:1.80

Encouraging participation in fire service organizations, 1993:3.136

Fire inspection requirements determined by life safety evaluation, 1995:1.57

Fire safety educators gaining budgetary recognition, 2000:2.40

Firefighter Investment and Response Enhancement (FIRE) Act offers fire prevention and wellness/fitness program grants, 2001:3.48

Firefighter Investment and Response Enhancement (FIRE) Act to increase federal funding of local fire service, 2000:5.36

Fireground management as model for, 1991:2.144

Funding alternatives for volunteer departments, 1993:5.120

Harvard program provides leadership skills, 1996:3.93

Labor relations eased by seeing both sides, 1994:2.13

Laughter as workplace morale booster, 1991:2.116

Leaders should encourage cooperation, 1994:3.164

Leaders should lead by example, 1993:4.83

Leadership: what is it?, 1994:1.96

Leadership requires political savvy, 1995:6.21

Leadership takes many forms, 1994:2.112

Leadership training, developing professional programs for, 1993:4.14

Liability for negligent fire fighting activities, 1997:2.38

Listening and responding to fire service members, 1994:1.13

Management concerns, overview of, 1991:3.17

Management reviews, 1992:3.124

Marketing fire service to gain public support, 1992:1.90

Marketing fire service via improved public relations, 1992:1.67

Member evaluation of fire department, 1995:4.28

Membership input to volunteer fire department decisions, 1994:1.20

Mission statement core of operating plan, 1994:4.15

New service areas can generate revenue, develop partnerships, serve customers, 1996:4.38

NFPA survey, wildfire managers top concerns, 1992:5.96

NFPA survey of U. S. fire departments, 1993:4.59

Officer training is key to fire service success, 1993:3.26

Orange County, Fla., Fire and Rescue Service operates as a consolidated force, 1993:2.63

Orlando Fire Department, Fla., offers innovative service to tourist center, 1993:2.59

Participatory management enhances volunteer morale, 1992:1.96

Peer mediation, San Francisco Fire Department, 1991:3.62

Politics of fire safety regulations at local to federal levels, 1998:4.29

Pride as factor in volunteer department morale, 1994:3.18

Public information officer can improve media coverage, 1994:6.25

Public information officer's role in media relations, 1999:5.44

Regionalization and other answers to department downsizing, 1993:3.30

Shrinking budgets, staffing realities, 1992:3.28

Specialization of support services, Fort Worth, Tex., 1991:2.78

Splinter groups, effect of, 1991:2.19

Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response Firefighters Act (SAFER) to help fire departments add firefighters, 2004:1.46

Staffing levels and response times addressed by proposed NFPA standards, 2000:6.51

Tokyo, Japan's, low fire rate testifies to well-trained fire service, 2002:3.72

Truck company duties need emphasis in training, planning, 1995:5.19

U. S. Fire Administration looking for fire departments missing from 2002 National Fire Department Census, 2003:1.28

User fees implemented to recover cost of services, 1997:2.66

Volunteer fire departments, contracting with, Austin, Tex., 1991:2.104

Volunteer fire officers, 1991:2.114

Volunteer training accomplished with flexibility, technology, 1994:5.18

FIRE SERVICE APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT. See also FIRE PUMPS; PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Aging wildfire-fighting air fleet may lead to decrease in missions in 2003, 2003:4.32

Catastrophic crash/fire, California, July, 2002, 2003:5.75

Development of NFPA standards for, 1992:2.41

Fireboats respond to docking facility fire, 2007:4.21

Fireboats respond to pier fire, 2007:6.78

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1991:4.53, 55, 1992:4.43, 48, 51, 54, 1993:4.46, 53, 68, 69, 1994:4.57, 61, 63, 66, 69, 1995:4.90, 1996:4.71, 72, 74, 75, 1997:4.51, 55, 57, 58, 1998:4.62, 1999:4.59, 61, 67, 68, 69, 2000:4.57, 60, 61, 2001:4.77, 78, 79, 2002:4.77, 2004:4.53, 2005:4.57, 4.58, 2006:4.62, 63, 2007:4.62, 68, 69, 70, 5.62, 2008:4.79, 91, 2009:4.63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 2010:4.76

Firefighter injuries related to, 1991:6.49, 50, 51, 52, 1992:6.58, 63, 64, 1993:6.58, 63, 64, 1994:6.65, 1995:6.65, 68, 69, 1996:6.108, 110, 1997:6.73, 1998:6.54, 55, 1999:6.52, 54, 55, 2000:6.46, 47, 48, 49, 2003:1:65, 6.71, 72, 2004:6.65, 2005:6:57, 2006:6.83, 84, 85, 2007:6.85, 90, 2008:6.48, 52, 53, 54, 2009:6.67, 68, 70, 2010:6.72

NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Fire Pumps, 1999 edition reflects changing technology, 2000:3.109

Personal responsibility plays important role in safe use, 1999:2.38

Personnel accountability system essential for locating firefighters at incident scene, 2005:3.36

Robot use pioneered in Tokyo, 1992:2.67

Robots used for rescue, other operations, improved by innovations, 2004:2.40

St. Louis, Mo., purchases all new apparatus, 1991:1.98

World Trade Center attack demonstrates need to refine first responder protective equipment, 2001:6.46

FIRE SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS

Effective communication important to successful command, 2006:3.42

Engine companies lacked radio communications, 1991:6.74

Fire service calls in U. S., 2003 report, 2005:3.16

Hampered by power shutoff, 1991:1.27

Lack of 911 service factor in building-under-renovation fire, 1991:4.31

NFPA 1221, Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Emergency Services Communications Systems, 2010 changes, 2009:3.89

Overwhelmed by incoming calls, 1991:6.74

Radio communications hampered by static, garbled transmission, 1991:6.73

FIRE SERVICE FACILITIES

Fire station fire, California, 1998, 1999:4.21

Fire station fire, Minnesota, 2004, 2005:1.14

Renovation of, St. Louis, Mo., 1991:1.94

FIRE SERVICE FOCUS COLUMNS

Federal fire service grants, 2006:2:89

Personal protective equipment, 2006:4.86

FIRE SERVICE OPERATIONS. See also FIRE SERVICE OPERATIONS HAMPERED; FIRE SERVICE RESCUE AND EXTRICATION; MUTUAL AID RESPONSE; STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTING COLUMNS; STRUCTURAL OPS COLUMNS

At asbestos abatement site fires, 1992:3.55

Command safety: a wake-up call, 1991:1.74

Electrical inspections threatened by budget cutbacks, 1996:6.80

Fire fighting challenges of San Francisco, Calif., fire department, 1994:3.119

Fire services find opportunities for change post 9/11, 2002:5.48

Fire station response and support specialization, Fort Worth, Texas, 1991:2.78

Firefighter crew size linked to fireground performance in National Institute of Standards Study, 2010:4.13

Firefighter fatalities related to (See FIREFIGHTER FATALITIES)

Firefighter injuries related to (See FIREFIGHTER INJURIES)

Fireground behavior after fire is out, 1995:6.26

First responder respiratory exposure studied by Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2008:2.32

Good fire service requires team effort, 1993:4.96

Hazardous materials incidents require new training, management skills, 1995:2.90

Identifying and mitigating fireground risks to avert firefighter fatalities, 1998:4.70

Implementation of current research is expected to spark technological and intellectual rebirth of fire service, 2009:2.54

Initial attack capability, evaluation of, 1996:5.29

Initial response (See FIRST RESPONSE COLUMNS)

Liability for fire ground decisions, 1993:4.40

Liability for negligent fire fighting activities, 1997:2.38

Matching response capabilities to fire conditions, 1992:4.30

NFPA 1500, Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, valuable tool in fire fighter safety, 1997:4.74

NFPA 1710, Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments, annual meeting review, 2001:2.80

NFPA 1720, Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Volunteer Fire Departments, annual meeting review, 2001:2.80

9/11 Pentagon response report brings change to Arlington County, Virginia, fire services, 2002:6.36

Positive pressure ventilation evaluated by NIST at retired high school, 2008:5.78

Public service programs offered by fire services, 1995:1.70

Response times and staffing levels addressed by proposed NFPA standards, 2000:6.51

Speed bumps' effect on response times, 1997:1.78

Tactics for wind-driven conditions at high-rise building fires subject of Fire Protection Research Foundation study, 2008:6.24

Thermal imaging camera locates seat of fire, turbine fire, 2004:5.20

Urban problems confront fire service, 1993:2.14

Urban violence complicates, 1992:5.14

World Trade Center attack demonstrates need to refine first responder preparedness, 2001:6.46

FIRE SERVICE OPERATIONS HAMPERED

Blocked doors, 1993:5.62, 2002:1.19, 2006:3.34, 2007:1.15, 2009:5.80

Burned stairs, 102

Burning, charged electrical wire, 1993:5.36

Cargo shift in aircraft fire, 1992:6.79

Ceilings, barred/covered windows, 1992:3.31

Ceilings, barriers cause by multiple, 2010:6.66

Chicken-wire partitions in attic, 1991:3.26

Collapsed occupant blocked stairs, 2006:6.18

To concealed spaces, 1996:1.24

Concrete slab, fire in area under, 1999:6.96

Confined space, 1993:2.33, 1994:6.91, 1995:6.98

Difficult-to-open doors, 1992:6.26

Downed power lines, 2000:3.36, 2009:6.24

Fence, 1993:2.21

Fire lane chains, 1995:4.37

Flooding, 1992:4.72, 1998:6.88

Flue fire blocked by dormer, 2004:1.14

By heat, 1997:6.49, 50, 57, 1999:6.17, 2006:4.27

Jammed doors, vehicle, 2004:5.73

Key box keys no longer worked, 2000:1.19

Location/size of other buildings, collapsed wall, 1991:6.37

Locked doors, 1991:1.29, 4.68, 1992:4.70, 1993:4.28, 5.62, 1994:2.27, 6.93, 2004:6.56

Locked gates, 1998:6.90, 2000:6.86, 2004:6.56

Nailed-shut door, 1995:3.37

Narrow street, 2000:4.19

Offshore fire, 1994:6.98

Onlookers blocked roads, 1997:4.20

Overhead obstructions, 1998:6.90

Parked vehicles, 1993:3.33, 1993:6.84, 2004:6.52

Railroad tracks, lake on three sides of building, 2000:6.88

Railroad trestle, 2004:6.54

Relocated driveway, 1997:5.24

River next to building, 2000:6.88

Road of poor quality, 1991:3.27

To roof, ceiling voids, 1992:5.30

Scaffolding surrounding building, 1999:6.96

Security devices, 1991:4.25, 1991:4.26, 1997:5.51 (See also SECURITY PROVISIONS)

Security gates, chains, 1993:6.79, 1997:6.56

To site, 1991:6.73, 1992:1.26, 2003:2.20

Stairway fire, 1997:5.21, 2007:6.79

Stored furniture, 1992:4.67

Stored goods, 1992:6.79, 1993:2.19, 1994:6.96

Stored paper products, soaked with water, expanded/split apart, 2009:6.81

Street layout, 1991:6.74

Traffic blocked highway, 2010:5.68

To two sides of building, 1995:6.107

Waterfront location, 1993:6.81, 2006:6.72

To wildland fire site, 1994:6.99, 1995:6.111, 2000:6.94, 2001:6.64

Window to fire escape blocked by couch, 2010:6.21

Workspace clutter, 2006:4.27

Aerial ladder lacking, 1995:6.106

Apparatus, fire fighters at earlier fire, 1993:3.34

Attic fire, 2009:6.79

Bystanders interfered, 1992:4.70, 1993:2.19

Ceiling collapse, 1994:6.89, 1996:3.35, 1998:1.21, 2003:6.81, 2007:6.80

Chemicals prevented use of water, 1994:6.95

Civil disturbance threatened fire fighter safety, 1993:5.67, 1993:6.81

Communications hampered

Lack of 911 service, 1991:4.31

Overwhelmed by incoming calls, 1991:6.74

Power shutoff, 1991:1.27

Radio communications limited, 1991:6.74

Radio static, garbled transmissions, 1991:6.73

Size of fire area, 1997:6.58

System disabled, 1994:6.90

Deteriorating conditions force defensive attack, 1998:2.19, 20, 2009:6.76, 77, 2010:5.66, 67, 6.63, 68

Electrical arc energizes metal siding, 2001:5.26

Electrical equipment, charged, 2004:6.56

Electrical power lines, live, 2010:6.68

Electrical power loss, 1991:5.64, 1992:4.71, 1992:5.56, 1992:6.74, 78, 1994:5.104, 1994:6.90

Electrical transformers, high-voltage lines nearby, 1996:6.72

Emergency lighting failed, 1992:6.78

Emergency shutdown procedure caused delay, 1994:6.92

Energized electrical equipment concern, 1994:6.91

Explosion, 2002:5.22

Explosions of equipment, fuel, 1997:6.50, 2009:6.82

Explosions of gas cylinders, 1994:6.36

Explosions of materials, 1995:6.104

Fire operations control center damaged, 1994:5.104

Fire protection systems damaged, 1994:5.104

Fire spread, rapid, 1997:6.58, 2008:6.42

Fire spreading behind fire fighters, 1994:6.36

Flashback fires on cargo containers, 1992:6.79

Flashover forces exterior attack, 1998:4.22

Floor, unstable, 2004:6.17

Floor collapse, 1993:2.33, 1996:5.96, 1997:3.30, 2003:6.81, 2009:5.80

Foam suppression supplies exhausted, 1992:1.60

Fog, fuel leak on runway, 1991:3.69

Hazardous materials, by presence of, 1991:6.75, 1992:3.33, 1995:5.35, 1995:6.38, 2000:3.38, 2010:6.65

Heat and smoke conditions hampered entry, 1994:2.27

Heat forced exterior attack only, 1993:2.20

Heat forced frequent firefighter rehabilitation, 2000:4.20

Hose lines too short, 1997:1.27, 5.23, 2007:1.18

At distance, 1991:3.27, 1993:6.88, 1995:6.99, 107, 2006:6.71, 2008:6.42, 2010:1:24, 5.32

Failed, 1995:4.37

Frozen or inoperative, 1995:6.100, 1996:6.72, 2006:1.22, 2009:5.82, 6.80

Insufficient water pressure at, 2005:6.46

Malfunction, 1998:6.92

Supply limited to one, 2000:6.90

Water supply limited, 2005:5.24

Without water at construction site, 2005:6.19

Without water supply at vacant building site, 2008:6.42

Information on exposure not available, 1994:3.30

Large number of fires, 1996:3.36

Large number of occupants hamper rescue, 1994:5.95

Large size of building, 1994:6.97

Large size of fire, 1995:6.104, 107, 2008:6.44

Large size of fire created command problems, 1999:6.96

Local response capability limited, 1994:3.30, 1996:3.36

LP-Gas tanks had to be protected, 1993:6.84

Machinery, hazards posed by operating, 1992:5.30

Multiple exposures affected control efforts, 1994:3.27

Noise limited communications, 1996:6.72

Nursing home patients in restraints slow rescue, 1991:4.67

Oil and water on floor, 1996:6.72

Outdated fire plans, 1992:6.26

Power lines downed, 2008:6.44

Propane tank vented, 1996:6.73

Propane tanks exploding, 2008:6.44

Propane trucks at fire site, 1994:6.96

Radio communications poor due to topography, 2003:6.79

Rattlesnakes loose on movie set, 2005:6.49

Remote location, 1992:1.23, 1993:3.36, 4.26, 5.67, 1994:6.90, 99, 1995:6.111, 1996:4.21, 6.64, 2004:6.56

Rescue operation delayed fire suppression, 2001:6.62, 2005:6.45

Rescue operation took precedence, 1994:6.91

Resources limited due to other fires, 2000:6.94

Resources limited for simultaneous rescue and firefighting operations, 2007:5.60

Resources taxed by fire size, 2007:6.76

Response delayed, 1994:4.31, 1995:3.37, 38

Response delayed by passing train, 2000:3.36, 2000:6.90

Roof, fire broke through, 1997:5.21, 2007:1.20

Roof collapse, 1993:6.29, 83, 1994:6.95, 96, 1995:6.37, 100, 103, 106, 107, 108, 1996:6.70, 1997:6.19, 1.21, 1998:5.18, 6.89, 2000:3.38, 2001:5.22, 6.64, 2002:1.19, 2005:4.22, 2007:5.31, 2007:6.76, 2007:6.80, 2008:5.58, 2009:2.22, 5.80, 6.24, 76, 2010:4.27, 5.29

Multiple occupancy fire, 2005:1.18

Roof layers, fire between, difficult to reach, 1997:6.21

Roof thickness delayed venting, 1995:6.106

Rugged terrain, 1992:6.76, 1997:5.54, 6.59, 1998:6.92

Rural location, 1991:4.65, 67, 1992:4.67

Safety of area had to be determined, 1995:4.40

Slippery footing caused by melted butter in dairy fire, 2005:6.46

Smoke density, 1992:6.76, 1994:6.94, 96, 1995:6.107, 1996:6.63, 65, 1997:6.49, 50

Staffing limited, 1992:4.25, 1992:6.78

Standpipe capped, hose lines removed, 2007:1.15

Standpipe connection problems, pipe obstruction, 2008:5.27

Standpipe connections lacking, 1994:6.92

Steep terrain, 1993:6.88, 1994:6.99

Storage configuration, 1998:6.85, 91

Structural collapse, 1992:4.71, 6.75, 1994:5.95, 6.94, 1995:3.40, 6.103, 104, 107, 1997:5.23, 6.56, 5.18, 1998:6.84, 2001:4.24, 2004:6.16, 17, 52, 2005:1.18, 2008:6.17, 2009:3.44, 2010:6.68

Structural collapse threatened, 1994:5.30, 1995:3.37, 1995:4.39, 1995:5.35, 36

Structural fire fighting equipment lacking, 1994:4.31

Suppression resources in use at other fires, 1994:6.99

Swampy, combustible terrain, 1993:3.36

Transformer circuits checked for power shutoff, 1998:1.22

Unstable conditions limit interior attack, 2001:6.63

Ventilation hampered by lack of windows, 2004:2.17

Ventilation openings lacking, 1998:6.91

Visibility zero, 2005:6.49

Wall collapse, 1992:6.78, 1996:6.70

Water pressure inadequate, 1991:5.64, 1991:6.74, 1992:4.71, 1992:5.56, 1992:6.74, 2000:1.21, 2009:6.82

Water-repellent burning material, 1998:6.85

Water storage problems, 1991:6.73

Connection covered by shed, 1996:5.94

Connections damaged, 1996:5.94

Explosion, disrupted by, 1991:6.74, 1992:6.75

Hydrants (See subentry: Hydrants)

Inadequate, 1991:1.27, 54, 3.27, 4.26, 6.74, 75, 1992:2.26, 4.25, 26, 5.30, 6.79, 1993:6.29, 1994:4.30, 4.31, 5.29, 6.36, 6.90, 92, 97, 1995:3.37, 4.37, 6.106, 107, 1996:6.64, 65, 70, 1997:5.24, 6.50, 56, 57, 58, 1998:6.86, 2000:6.88, 2001:5.75, 2004:6.16, 52, 56, 2006:6.69, 2007:1.18, 2009:3.44, 4.20

Limited, 2002:1.19, 6.20, 2003:3.18, 2004:6.16, 6.56, 2009:6.23, 82, 2010:6.68

Out of service, 1996:6.73

Piping damaged, 1994:5.104, 1996:5.24

Remote, 1992:6.26, 1997:1.28, 6.59, 2000:4.16, 2001:6.18, 2003:2.20, 2004:4.17, 2005:6.45

Water main break, 2005:2.18, 2008:6.44

Water plant shut down, 2001:6.61

Water storage problems, 1991:6.73

Weather (See also DROUGHT; WIND)

Fog, 1991:3.69

High temperature, 1991:6.78, 1992:4.25, 1993:6.89, 1995:5.67, 1995:6.111, 1996:4.21, 1996:6.73, 1997:3.30, 4.21, 1999:5.20, 1999:6.97, 2000:6.94, 2001:6.63, 2009:6.79, 80

Low temperature, 1991:1.27, 1992:1.26, 60, 1992:6.26, 1995:6.68, 1996:6.62, 1996:6.72, 2009:6.84

Rain, 1992:4.72, 1999:5.40, 1999:6.97

Thunderstorm, wind and lightning of, 2007:4.21

Winter, 1991:6.73, 1993:6.81, 1995:6.100, 106, 1997:5.54, 6.50, 57, 59, 2000:6.91, 2002:2.25, 2010:1:24

Window lexan layer hard to penetrate, 1994:6.89

FIRE SERVICE RESCUE AND EXTRICATION

After 9/11 attack, National Urban Search and Rescue teams were dispatched to World Trade Center and Pentagon for survivor search, 2002:1.62

Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, April 19, 1995, 1996:1.50, 59, 1996:5.94, 1996:6.69

Alternative rescue options to use when shortest, easiest, best option not available, 2007:3.42

Amtrak trains rescuers to respond to railroad disasters, 2000:3.78

Apartment building fire, 2006:3.36

Electric generating station fire, 1994:6.91

Firefighter fatalities related to, 1991:4.51, 53, 58, 2001:4.77, 2002:4.78, 80

Firefighter injuries related to, 1991:6.50, 1996:6.107, 108, 1998:6.56, 2000:6.48, 2006:6.82, 84

Fraternity house fire, 2007:6.17

Grain elevator explosion and fire, Kansas, June 8, 1998, 1999:5.54

Large number of occupants hampers rescue, 1994:5.95

Los Angeles County Fire Department search and rescue program meets diverse demands, 1995:6.55

Nursing home patients in restraints slow rescue, 1991:4.67

Office building complex fire, 1994:6.90

Robots used for rescue improved by innovations, 2004:2.40

To set rescue priorities, incident commander must consider many factors, 2000:4.24

Technical rescue, evolution and value of, 2000:2.74

World Trade Center effort guided by NFPA emergency rescue standards, 2001:6.41

FIRE SUPPRESSION. See FIRE SERVICE OPERATIONS; SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

Adequacy and validity of existing tests, 1994:2.14

Ethanol fuels, fire tests of, 2008:2.60

European Community product testing standards will affect U. S. building materials, 1992:5.45

High-volume, low-speed (HV/LS) fans tested to determine effect on sprinkler activation, 2008:3.88

Interior finish test methods must keep up with growing number of products, 2001:2.53

FIRE WALLS. See WALLS, FIRE

Apartment building fire, 2008:5.26

Failure to provide, factor in building-under-renovation fire, 2010:6.64

Failure to provide, factor in store fire, 2004:3.18

Manufacturing plant fire, 2010:3.44

Meeting hall fire, 1998:1.21

Transformer fire, 1998:1.22

FIREFIGHTER FATALITIES

Apartment building fire, N. Y., N. Y., March 28, 1994, 1995:6.85

Apartment building fire, N. Y., N. Y., Dec. 18, 1998, 1999:3.84

BLEVE, LP-Gas tank, Iowa, April 9, 1998, fire investigation report, 1998:6.42

Chemical packaging and storage facility, Arkansas, May 8, 1997, 1998:5.53

False alarm-related, U. S., 1984-1993, 1995:1.48

Firefighter fatalities are personal loss to fellow fire service members, 1999:4.38

Furniture refinishing plant fire, Dec. 20, 1991, 1992:3.73

Heart attacks, resulting from, 1993:2.73

High-rise building fires, 1992:5.56

High-rise club/hotel fire, Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 5, 1992, 1992:6.31

High-rise office building fire, Philadelphia, Pa, Feb. 23, 1991, 1991:5.64

Identifying and mitigating fireground risks to avert firefighter fatalities, 1998:4.70

NIOSH firefighter fatality investigation summarized, 2004:5.13, 6.13

Office building fire, Denver, Colo., Sept. 28, 1992, 1993:2.33

Ten year analysis, 1984-1994, 1994:4.62

Training, 1996-2005 U. S. fatalities related to, 2006:4.40

U. S., 1977-2007 fatalities, changes over 30-year period, 2007:4.48

U. S., 1990 report, 1991:4.46

U. S., 1991 report, 1992:4.40

U. S., 1992 report, 1993:4.44

U. S., 1993 report, 1994:4.55

U. S., 1994 report, 1995:4.83

U. S., 1995 report, 1996:4.63

U. S., 1996-2005 fatalities related to training, 2006:4.40

U. S., 1996 report, 1997:4.46

U. S., 1997 report, 1998:4.50

U. S., 1998 report, 1999:4.54

U. S., 1999 report, 2000:4.46

U. S., 2000 report, 2001:4.66

U. S., 2001 report, 2002:4.68

U. S., 2002 report, 2003:4.56

U. S., 2003 report, 2004:4.44

U. S., 2004 report, 2005:4.48

U. S., 2005 report,